Oenothera Rosea Research Articles

An Organic Fraction of Oenothera rosea L'Her Ex. Aiton Prevents Neuroinflammation in a Rat Ischemic Model.

Oenothera rosea L'Her Ex. Aiton, presenting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, is traditionally used to treat bruises and headaches and as a healing agent. This study aimed to investigate whether its organic fraction (EAOr) has neuroprotective properties against neuroinflammation in the context of ischemia/reperfusion. The chemical composition of EAOr was determined using HPLC techniques, and its neuroprotective activities were evaluated in a common carotid-artery ligation model for the induction of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The animals were supplemented with EAOR for 15 days. On the last day, the animals were rested for one hour, following which the common carotid-artery ligation procedure was performed to induce I/R. The neurological deficit was evaluated at 24 h after I/R using Bederson's scale, and the relative expression of inflammatory genes and structure of hippocampal neurons were analyzed at 48 h. The chemical analysis revealed five major compounds in EAOr: gallic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, and glucoside and rhamnoside quercetin. EAOr prevented neurological deficit 24 h after I/R; led to the early activation of the AIF and GFAP genes; reduced Nfkb1, IL-1beta, Il-6 and Casp3 gene expression; and protected hippocampal neurons. Our findings demonstrate that EAOr contains polyphenol-type compounds, which could exert a therapeutic effect through the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal death genes, thus maintaining hippocampal neurons.

Neuroprotective activity of methanolic extract of leaves from Oenothera rosea in pc-12 cell line

Neuroprotective activity of methanolic extract of leaves from Oenothera rosea in pc-12 cell line

LC-MS metabolomic evidence metabolites from Oenothera rosea L´ Hér. ex Ait with antiproliferative properties on DU145 human prostate cancer cell line

Prostate cancer remains one of the leading health issues without a fully effective treatment. Medicinal plants are one of the primary sources of compounds for treating numerous ailments. In this sense, the Oenothera genus contains metabolites with antiproliferative activity on cancer cells. For this, the study aimed to explore the antiproliferative activity of its extracts against prostate cancer and identify its metabolites (under metabolomics analyses) associated with anticancer and/or antiproliferative properties. For this reason, a LC-MS/MS-based metabolomic analysis was performed to demonstrate the possible metabolites present in O. rosea. In addition, the antiproliferative activity of different extracts in the human prostate cancer cell line DU145 was evaluated. All extracts have antiproliferative effects on DU145 cells at 72 h, with moderate activity being the best ethanolic either 48 or 72 h. Finally, by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, 307 compounds from aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts from which 40 putative metabolites identified were organized as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and/or antiproliferative activities according to previously reported. These results provide evidence that O. rosea could be used as an antiproliferative agent due to its chemical contents used as polypharmacy with low concentration levels.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of a standardized fraction of Oenothera rosea L'Hér. ex Aiton and its possible mechanism of action in mice.

Objective:This study was conducted to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Oenothera rosea (EAOr) and the mechanism involved, in mice.Materials and Methods:The antinociceptive activity was tested using chemical- and heat-induced nociception models. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested using carrageenan-induced edema and inflammatory cytokines were measured.Results:EAOr reduced the licking time on the second phase of the formalin test (100 and 177 mg/kg). The antinociception of EAOr was prevented by L-NAME (10 mg/kg), 1H-[1, 2, 4]-oxadiazolo [4, 3-a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 0.1 mg/kg), glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) and bicuculline (1 mg/kg), but not by naloxone (2 mg/kg). Also, EAOr decreased licking time in capsaicin induced-nociception. EAOr did not have effect on withdrawal latency in tail-flick test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema was reduced by EAOr, and TNF-α and IL-1β levels were reduced in mice treated with EAOr by 72.2 and 32.8%, respectively. Furthermore, EAOr did not present side effects as sedation nor gastric injury. Chemical analysis of this fraction showed the presence of glycosylated quercetin derivatives such as quercetin glucoside and quercetin rhamnoside in a 2.5% concentration.Conclusion:This study demonstrates antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of an organic fraction of O. rosea and its possible interaction with the NO-cGMP-K+ channels and GABAergic system and thus, it could be considered a therapeutic alternative.

ANÁLISIS BIOQUÍMICO DE DOS FRACCIONES CON ACCIÓN ANTICOAGULANTE DE LAS HOJAS DE Oenothera rosea “CHUPASANGRE”

Tradicionalmente las hojas de Oenothera rosea “chupasangre” son usadas para reducir los hematomas, por lo que, esta investigación estuvo dirigida a la evaluación de los componentes capaces de retardar la coagulación sanguínea. Del extracto etanólico de O. rosea se separó por cromatografía de capa fina en celulosa, usando etanol: agua (1:5), dos fracciones F-2 y F-5, que luego fueron preincubadas por 10 minutos con trombina y el veneno de la serpiente Lachesis muta, rico en Enzima Semejante a Trombina (EST) y luego se midió la actividad coagulante sobre plasma humano citratado y fibrinógeno bovino (Fb), así como el sustrato cromogénico BApNA. Los resultados mostraron que F-2 alargó el tiempo de coagulación sobre Fb en 58,58 % y el F-5 en 67,78 %, mientras que usando veneno los retardos fueron para F-2 10,67 % y F-5 36,27 %. Usando plasma, los valores fueron para F-2 34,14 % y F-5 70,59 %. Asimismo, empleando trombina la actividad amidolítica se redujo en F-2 48,48 % y F-5 67,32 %, mientras que con la EST de L. muta la inhibición de F-2 50,20 % y F-5 69,10%. Mediante estos ensayos in vitro se concluye que F-2 y F-5 podrían ser flavonoides anticoagulantes, con probable acción antitrombolítica.

Pollen Grains Morphology of Angiosperms

Pollen morphology of fourteen species of angiosperms from Kathmandu valley was investigated using aceto-carmine and palynological characters such as pollen size, shape, aperture numbers and exine sculpture were evaluated. The results indicate that various types of pollen grains are in angiosperms. In this investigation Pollen grains of Linum usitatissimum L. from the family Linaceae, Lathyrus odoratus L. from Fabaceae, Magnolia grandiflora L. from Magnoliaceae, Malva alcea L. and Malva sida L. from Malvaceae, Murraya koenigii Spreng from Rutaceae, Nerium oleander L. from Apocynaceae studied. Likewise, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Salvia coccinea Buchz ex Etl. Salvia splendens Sellow ex J.A. Schultes from Lamiaceae, Oenothera rosea L. from Onagraceae, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. from Rosaceae, Solanum nigrum L. from Solanaceae and Zinnia elegans L. from Asteraceae were studied in this investigation. Shape of the pollen grains found to be spheroidal, sub-spheroidal, elongate, oval, circular, ellipsoidal and triangular type. Ornamentation of exine wall found to be echinate, smooth, coarse, wrinkle and tected type. Aperture of the pollen grains found to be triporate to periporate. Sizes of the pollen grains encountered in this study were large, medium and small. The high diversity of exine ornamentation type in pollen grains of angiosperms has been associated to diversity in pollination systems. Echinate pollen grains train the bees to restrict to nectar collection and help the flowers to save more pollen grains for pollination. Smooth walled pollen grains are linked with wind or water pollination.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 205-210

Effect of phenolic compounds from Oenothera rosea on the kaolin-carrageenan induced arthritis model in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceOenothera rosea (Onagraceae), commonly known as “hierba del golpe” in Mexico, is an herbaceous plant widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of extracts and compounds isolated from O. rosea in kaolin-carrageenan induced arthritis. Materials and methodsHydroalcoholic extract from aerial parts of O. rosea was obtained and chemically separated in order to obtain OrEA and isolated compounds using column chromatography, HPLC, UPLC and NMR analysis. O. rosea extract and derivatives were tested on the kaolin/carrageenan (K/C) induced arthritis model on ICR mice. Knee inflammation and paw withdrawal threshold were assessed following intraarticular administration of kaolin and carrageenan (4% and 2%, respectively) and subsequent oral administration of O. rosea. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels from synovial capsule were measured using ELISA kits. NF-κB activity was also measured using the RAWBlue™ cell line. Finally, spleen and lungs were dissected to investigate body index. ResultsOral administration of the O. rosea ethyl acetate fraction (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and isolated compounds (2 mg/kg) reduced the edema induced by kaolin/carrageenan, similar to the effect of methotrexate (1 mg/kg). Hyperalgesia but not allodynia was observed during this experiment. O. rosea derivatives reduced this behavior. The quantification of cytokines showed a reduction in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as an increase of IL-10. NF-κB production was also reduced by administering O. rosea derivatives. Chemical analysis of O. rosea derivatives showed that the major compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction were phenolic compounds. Gallic acid, quercetin glucoside and quercetin rhamnoside were separated and identified by UPLC-UV-MS, and myricetin glycoside and tamarixetin glucoside using 1H and 13C NMR. ConclusionsO. rosea produces different phenolic compounds capable of reducing the inflammation and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia produced by K/C administration. They also reduced proinflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, NF-κB modulation was reduced by the administration of O. rosea. Therefore, O. rosea could be considered of interest in inflammatory and painful diseases.

Floristic Composition and Diversity in Plots of Early Post-Agricultural Succession in Four Agroecosystems in the District of Cajatambo, Lima

In this paper, the floristic composition is studied in plots of early post-agricultural succession induced in four agroecosystems (Ocopata, Rancas, Tupicocha and Ucupi) in the district of Cajatambo, Lima. The plots are located between 2,992 masl and 4,220 masl in three plant formations (agriculture, scrubland and grassland), and the description of the floristic composition was made before and after inducing the succession between 2015 and 2017. The number of determined plants is 78, all of which belong to 30 botanical families, of which the Asteraceae (16 species), Fabaceae (11 species) and Poaceae (8 species) families stand out. Indeed, the only common species among the four agroecosystems is Medicago polymorpha ; moreover, five species appear in three of the four agroecosystems: Brassica rapa subsp. campestris and Verbena litoralis (Ocopata, Tupicocha and Rancas), Oenothera rosea and Trifolium repens (Ocopata, Rancas and Ucupi) and Bidens andicola (Tupicocha, Rancas and Ucupi).

Ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of dermatological affections on the Purépecha Plateau, Michoacán, Mexico

Background and Aims: Inhabitants of the Purépecha Plateau preserve an excellent ancestral knowledge on medicinal plants used for dermatological affections, which has not been documented. An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out in this region to gather information on the use of medicinal plants and herbal preparations for treating dermatological affections, to disseminate the Purépecha indigenous knowledge and identifying promising plants for developing new formulations for cutaneous conditions.Methods: The study was conducted in the 21 municipalities that compose the Purépecha Plateau. A total of 86 local inhabitants (62 women and 24 men) were interviewed. The data were quantitatively analyzed through the determination of the use value, fidelity level and informant consensus factor.Key results: A total of 97 plant species belonging to 47 families were documented for treating 19 dermatological conditions on the Purépecha Plateau. Asteraceae was the leading family among the collected medicinal plants (20.61%), followed by Lamiaceae (13.40%) and Solanaceae (5.15%). The largest number of plants was used for the treatment of cuts (40.20%), skin inflammation (37.11%) and rash (37.11%). The aerial parts were the most commonly used (34.75%). The medicinal plant species with larger use values were Heterotheca inuloides (0.53), Aloe vera (0.37) and Oenothera rosea (0.21). The comparison of results with ethnomedicinal literature worldwide revealed that 8.25% of plants used on the Purépecha Plateau were recorded for the first time for the treatment of dermatological affections.Conclusions: This study provides new information on medicinal plants used on the Purépecha Plateau to treat cutaneous diseases. Future pharmacological and toxicological investigations are required to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these species for treating dermatological affections.

Oenothera rosea L´Hér. ex Ait attenuates acute colonic inflammation in TNBS-induced colitis model in rats: in vivo and in silico myeloperoxidase role

Oenothera rosea L´Hér. ex Ait is a species traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation, headache, stomach pain, infections, among others. The aim of this study was evaluating the acute anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of O. rosea by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Rats were randomized into six groups: (I) Sham; (II) EtOH; (III) TNBS; and (IV-VI) 250, 500 and 750 mg/Kg, respectively. The colonic injury was induced (groups III-VI) by intrarectal instillation of 0.25 mL of TNBS (10 mg) in 50% ethanol. Groups I and II received an enema (0.25 mL) of physiological saline solution or 50% ethanol, respectively. Treatments were administered by oral gavage 48, 24 and 1 h prior, and 24 h after the induction. The inflammatory response was assessed considering the macroscopic and microscopic damage, the serum nitric oxide (NO), the colonic IL-1β levels, and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Moreover, we performed an LC-MS-based metabolite profiling, and a docking on the MPO. Doses of 500 and 750 mg/Kg showed a protective effect in the TNBS-induced colonic damage. This activity was related to the downregulation of evaluated parameters. Also, considering previous reports, 29 metabolites of 91 detected were selected for the docking, of which Isolimonic acid (29) and Kaempferol 3-(2'',4''-diacetylrhamnoside) (10) showed the highest affinity to MPO. The aqueous extract of O. rosea protected the TNBS-induced colonic damage in rats, an effect that could be associated with the presence of polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids, and terpenes; as well as their ability to down-regulate MPO activity.

Phytochemical composition and pharmacological evaluation of different extracts of Oenothera rosea L´Hér. ex Ait (Onagraceae) aerial part

Oenothera genus consists of 145 herbs species which has been used for the treatment of skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, renal and liver problems, and as anti-diarrheic and anti-inflammatory drugs, among others. A great variety of chemical compounds have been reported from Oenothera genus among them tannins, flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates and lipids. This study was focused on investigating the effect of different extracts of Oenothera rosea L´ Hér. ex Ait aerial part (from water ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane) on total flavonoid and phenolic compounds content; as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidant activity was performed considering the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH• free radicals, while analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of most potent extracts were evaluated by acetic acid writhing reflex, hot plate and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation models, respectively. Methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed a high phenolic compounds content, being ethanol the best solvent for extraction of flavonoids (28.84 ± 0.46 mg flavonoids/g extract). The highest antioxidant activity was observed with methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts (89.51 ± 0.38, 89.42 ± 0.42 and 89.05 ± 0.34%, respectively). Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed analgesic activity with inhibition percentages of the evaluated parameters of more than 50%. Ethyl acetate extract down-regulated chronic inflammation without inducing gastrointestinal damage. These findings provide scientific evidence of O. rosea folkloric use and highlight their importance as a possible natural treatment for several diseases.

Preventive effect of Oenothera rosea on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-(NMU) induced gastric cancer in rats.

BackgroundCurrently, gastric cancer (GC) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Using medicinal plants for the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer constitutes new alternatives in traditional medicine. Oenothera rosea (OR) could be an option, but it needs to be evaluated.AimThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of OR extract on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced GC in rats.MethodsIn total, 80 male Holtzman rats were randomized into five groups. Group A received the saline solution (5mL/kg), group B received NMU 500 μg/kg (cancer inductor) by oral administration for 16 weeks, and groups C, D, and E were treated with OR extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively) and NMU in order to evaluate the preventive effect on cancer induced by NMU for 16 weeks. Blood and histological samples of stomachs were collected to determine histopathological, biochemical, and hematological parameters between different experimental groups.ResultsGroups C, D, and E presented less histopathological changes such as anaplastic and hyperplastic cells, compared with group B. Hematological and biochemical parameters were recorded, and superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were statistically less than those of NMU group (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.01).ConclusionConsidering the histopathological signs and the antioxidant activity in vivo as well as hematological and biochemical parameters of ethanolic extract of OR, we concluded that its administration in rats has a protective effect on GC, which is induced experimentally. This species could be studied in clinical trials for patients with GC in the future.

Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Natural Vegetation at the Municipal Wastewater Site in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Heavy metal accumulation in crops and soils from wastewater irrigation poses a significant threat to the human health. A study was carried out to investigate the removal potential of heavy metals (HM) by native plant species, namely Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium album L., Datura stramonium L., Sonchus asper L., Amaranthus viridus L., Oenothera rosea (LHer), Xanthium stramonium L., Polygonum macalosa L., Nasturtium officinale L. and Conyza canadensis L. growing at the municipal wastewater site in Abbottabad city, Pakistan. The HM concentrations varied among plants depending on the species. Metal concentrations across species varied in the order iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > chromium (Cr) > nickel (Ni) > cadmium (Cd). Majority of the species accumulated more HM in roots than shoots. Among species, the concentrations (both in roots and shoots) were in the order C. sativa > C. album > X. stramonium > C. canadensis > A. viridus > N. officinale > P. macalosa > D. stramonium > S. asper > O. rosea. No species was identified as a hyperaccumulator. All species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) less than 1. Species like C. sativa, C. album and X. stramonium gave higher (> 1) biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) especially for Fe, Cr and Cd than other species. Higher accumulation of heavy metals in these plant species signifies the general application of these species for phytostabilization and phytoextraction of HM from polluted soils.

한반도 미기록 귀화식물: 댕돌보리와 애기분홍낮달맞이꽃

전남 완도군, 경남 양산시에서 한반도 미기록 귀화식물 2분류군을 발견하였다. 댕돌보리로 명명된 Lolium rigidum Gaudin(화본과)는 전남 완도군 보길면 예송리해변과 신지면 명사십리 해변 부근에서 확인되었다. 근연 분류군인 쥐보리(L. mutiflorum Lam)와 비교하여 소수의 길이가 10~20 mm로 짧고, 소화는 2-10(-13)개로 적으며, 호영의 끝부분이 둔하고 까락이 없거나 3-8(-10) mm의 짧은 까락이 있는 특징으로 구별된다. 또한 애기분홍낮달맞이꽃으로 명명된 Oenothera rosea L'H<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>r. ex Aiton(바늘꽃과)는 경남 양산시 원동면 원동배후습지 부근에서 확인되었다. 본 분류군은 비스듬히 자라거나 직립하며, 꽃잎은 길이 5~12 mm, 분홍색부터 연한 보라색으로 달맞이꽃속 다른 분류군들과 구분된다. 주요형질에 대한 두 분류군의 기재 및 해부도와 서식지 식물사진 및 호밀풀속과 달맞이꽃속의 식물에 대한 검색표를 제시하였다. Two unrecorded naturalized species, Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Poaceae) and Oenothera rosea L'H<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>r. ex Aiton (Onagraceae) were newly reported in Korea. L. rigidum, 'Daeng-Dol-Bo-Ri', was found at roadside of Yesong beach, Yesong-ri, Bogil-myeon, and roadside of Myeongsasimni beach, Sin-ri, Sinji-myeon, in Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do. It was distinguished from L. mutiflorum Lam by spikelet 10-20 mm long, florets 2-10(-13), and obtuse lemma, awn absent or up to 3-8(-10) mm. O. rosea, 'Ae-Ki-Bun-Hong-Nat-Dal-Mat-I-Kkot', was found in side of Wondong wetland, Yongdang-ri, Wondong-myeon, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. This taxon was distinguishable from other Oenothera in Korea by following combination of characters, stem erect to ascending, petal 5-12 mm long, pink to bright purple. Descriptions and illustrations of the two taxa and their photographs in the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of Lolium and Oenothera from Korea.

Efecto antiinflamatorio del extracto hidroalcohólico de Oenothera rosea (Yawar Socco) en ratas con inducción a la inflamación aguda y crónica

El presente estudio de diseño experimental tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto antiinflamatorio de Oenothera rosea (Yawar socco) en ratas con inducción de inflamación aguda y crónica. La planta fue secada a 38°C en estufa de aire circulante, se molió, y maceró con etanol/agua (70:30)1. Para evaluar el efecto agudo, se utilizó el modelo experimental de Winter, edema subplantar inducido con carragenina y el edema auricular inducido con xilol. Para la actividad antiinflamatoria crónica se uso el modelo del granuloma inducido por carragenina utilizando una modificación de la técnica descrita por Sedwick y Lees. Se utilizaron 132 ratas albinas con peso promedio 300 g, distribuidas al azar en grupos de 8 cada uno, considerando un grupo control con suero fisiológico de 5 mL/kg, uno con el agente inductor de inflamación (AI), grupos con AI más extracto en tres dosis y grupos con AI, dexametasona e ibuprofeno; siendo 56 ratas para evaluación frente a la carragenina donde se consideró mililitros de volumen de la subplantar porcentaje de eficacia antiinflamatoria, nivel de PCR en sangre y observación histológica del proceso inflamatorio; primero en 56 ratas frente al xilol expresándose en miligramos de una porción del lóbulo (oreja derecha). Se utilizaron 50 ratones para evaluar toxicidad aguda, 20 ratas normales para la observación de efectos por administración a dosis repetidas durante 28 días. Los resultados mostraron un 60% de reducción de la inflamación aguda (p&lt;0,01), así como 60% la inflamación crónica (p&lt;0,05) y la PCR se redujo en 45% (p&lt;0,03); no hubo evidencia de efectos adversos, un 60% del efecto antiinflamatorio en ratas y 60% del efecto en edema auricular crónico; determinándose una DEM de 61 mg/kg y sin efectos adversos. Se concluye que en las condiciones experimentales se demostró que el extracto hidroalcohólico de Oenothera rosea en ratas presenta efecto antiinflamatorio y sin cambios hematológicos e histopatológicos en ratas.

Antibacterial Activity of Oenothera rosea (L 'Her) Leaf Extracts

Antibacterial Activity of Oenothera rosea (L 'Her) Leaf Extracts

Antibacterial Activity of Oenothera rosea (L ’Hér) Leaf Extracts

Aims: To determine the antibacterial effect of Oenothera rosea against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Vibrio cholerae. Study Design: In vitro antibacterial study. Place and Duration of Study: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Inmunologia and Departamento de Quimica, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL. Mexico, from June 2010 to June 2011. Methodology: The antibacterial in vitro effect of methanol and aqueous extracts of the Mexican plant O. rosea against strains of E. coli, S. enteritidis and V. cholerae was evaluated in liquid medium by the colorimetric 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Results: Methanol and aqueous extracts significantly inhibited growth of all bacterium strains tested. The methanol extract caused up to 55%, 66% and 87% growth against E. coli, S. enteritidis and V. cholerae, respectively, whereas the aqueous extract induced up to 54%, 69% and 88% bacterial growth inhibition, respectively. Methanol and aqueous Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 2(3): 396-404, 2012 397 vehicle controls did not alter bacterial growth. Conclusion: The observed antibacterial effect of O. rosea extracts may be of benefit as an adjuvant treatment of diseases caused by the studied enterobacteria.

Activity of some Mexican medicinal plant extracts on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.

The extracts obtained from 14 plants of the Mexican medicinal flora were assessed for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The i.p. administration of the extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg produced a high reduction of edema with 70% of the plant extracts. Oenothera rosea methanol extract, Sphaeralcea angustifolia chloroform extract, Acaciafarnesiana, Larrea tridentata and Rubus coriifolius methanol extracts as well as the aqueous extract of Chamaedora tepejilote were demonstrated to be particularly active against the induced hind-paw edema. Moderate inhibition of edema formation was also demonstrated with the methanol extracts of Astianthus viminalis, Brickellia paniculata, C. tepejilote and Justicia spicigera.

Chemical control of some broadleaved weeds which grow during winter in untilled maize lands

Several experiments have been done at Cedara in attempts to control broadleaved weeds in unfilled lands during winter. A number of herbicide treatments were tested on Conyza spp., Coronopus didymus, Gnaphalium spp., Hypochoeris radicata, Oenothera rosea and Taraxacum officinale. Where moisture conservation is an objective, these weeds, which grow during the winter, must be controlled. The most promising herbicide mixtures or combinations tested include glyphosate, paraquat and/or 2,4-D together with appropriate wetting agents. For example, consistent broad-spectrum control has been achieved with an initial application of 2,4-D + wetting agent, followed 8–10 days later by paraquat + a wetting agent. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1986, 3: 185–188

A new species of Mompha Hübner (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from Assam, N.E. India, a potential agent for biological control of Ludwigia adscendens

AbstractA species of Mompha, discovered on creeping water-primrose Ludwigia adscendens (Onagraceae) in Assam, N.E. India, is described as new and named Mompha ludwigiae. The eggs, larval and pupal stages are also described. Females lay up to 150 eggs in 3–7 days; development from egg to adult takes 3–5 weeks, the larva at first mining the leaves and later feeding externally on terminal shoots. The larvae could be reared on Oenothera rosea, L. perennis and L. octovalvis in the laboratory, but no host-plants other than L. adscendens were found in the field. A Eulophid parasite, Euryscotolinx sp., has been bred from pupal cocoons.