Odds Ratio For Prediabetes Research Articles

Vitamin D and Hematological Indicators of Inflammation in Prediabetes

Objectives: Prediabetes is characterized by the presence of inflammation. Hematological parameters provide the advantageous qualities of being cost-effective and readily reproducible, rendering them highly helpful for the purpose of disease surveillance. The impact of vitamin D on inflammatory mediators and its role in the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes has been seen. This study aims to investigate hematological markers, glycemic management, and vitamin D status among individuals with prediabetes. Methods: A retrospective investigation was performed on a cohort of 270 persons with prediabetes (5.7-6.4% glycated hemoglobin levels) and 299 participants with normal blood glucose levels. In order to conduct a comparison of hematological indicators between two groups, statistical analyses including chi square analysis and the t test were employed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical method was employed to analyze the components within three distinct categories of Vitamin D levels: acceptable (more than 75 nmol/L), inadequate (ranging from 50 to 74.9 nmol/L), and deficient (50 nmol/L). The odds ratio for prediabetes was obtained through the utilization of regression analysis. Results: The study observed a statistically significant decrease in vitamin D levels among individuals with prediabetes (mean 57.91 ± 20.83, p = 0.05). The group of individuals with prediabetes exhibited significantly higher values for the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (2.10 ± 0.85; p = 0.05), platelet lymphocyte ratio (137.70 ± 43.70; p = 0.05), mean platelet volume (8.55 ± 3.00; p = 0.001), and red cell distribution width (12.65 ± 1.31; p = 0.05). The present study observed a statistically significant positive correlation between declining levels of vitamin D and increasing trends in the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and red cell distribution width in individuals with prediabetes. The study revealed that the mean platelet volume had a noteworthy association with the development of prediabetes. Conclusions: The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume are emerging inflammatory markers that can be employed for monitoring purposes in patients with prediabetes. However, it is important to note that these indicators should be utilized in combination with an assessment of Vitamin D status.

Adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Compared with the Mediterranean Diet in Relation to Risk of Prediabetes: Results from NHANES 2007-2016.

Prediabetes presents a high-risk state for the development of various diseases and is reversible by adhering to a healthy lifestyle. We conducted this analysis to explore the associations of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMed index) with the risk of prediabetes. The data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 20,844 participants. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of prediabetes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by tertile of diet quality scores were estimated using a weighted logistic regression. Compared to those in the lowest tertile, the multivariable-adjusted OR of prediabetes for the highest tertile was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.94; p for trend = 0.005) for HEI-2015 and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.98; p for trend = 0.02) for the aMed index. After mutual adjustment, the association for HEI-2015 (p for trend = 0.03) but not for the aMed index (p for trend = 0.59) remained significant. Among the component food groups and nutrients, higher intakes of red and processed meat, sodium, and total saturated fatty acids were associated with a higher risk of prediabetes, while moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk. In conclusion, adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, as compared with the Mediterranean Diet, appeared to be more strongly associated with a lower risk of prediabetes among adults in the United States.

The association between C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes in Korean children and adolescents.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a state of chronic inflammation, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) indicates inflammation. This paper evaluates the associations between hsCRP and MetS and its components in Korean children and adolescents. We analyzed the data of 1,247 subjects (633 males, 14.2±2.7 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2017. This study defined MetS and its components using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The mean hsCRP level was 0.86±1.57 mg/dL (median and interquartile range: 0.37 and 0.43 mg/dL). Subjects with MetS had higher hsCRP level than subjects without MetS (geometric mean: 1.08 mg/dL vs. 0.46 mg/dL, p<0.001). With a higher quartile value of hsCRP, the prevalence of MetS increased. Compared to the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) for MetS in the highest quartile was 7.34 (3.07-17.55) after adjusting for age and sex. In the top quartile of hsCRP, the risk of abdominal obesity and low HDL was high after adjusting for age, sex, and other components of MetS. Additionally, the OR for prediabetes (HbA1c ≥5.7%) in the highest quartile was 2.70. Serum hsCRP level was positively associated with MetS and prediabetes using NCEP-ATP III criteria. Among the MetS components, abdominal obesity and low HDL were highly correlated with hsCRP in Korean children and adolescents.

Association between dietary patterns and prediabetes risk in a middle-aged Chinese population

BackgroundInformation regarding dietary patterns associated with prediabetes in the Chinese population is lacking. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between major dietary patterns and the risk of prediabetes in a middle-aged Chinese population.MethodsA total of 1761 participants (aged 45 to 59 years) were recruited in Hangzhou city, the capital of Zhejiang Province, China from June 2015 to December 2016. Dietary information was obtained by interview using a 138-item, validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of prediabetes with adjustment of potential confounding variables.ResultsThree dietary patterns were ascertained by factor analysis and labeled as traditional southern Chinese, Western, and grains-vegetables patterns. After controlling of the potential confounders, participants in the top quartile of the Western pattern scores had greater odds ratio (OR) for prediabetes (OR = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.068–2.059; P = 0.025) than did those in the bottom quartile. Compared with those in the bottom quartile, participants in the top quartile of the grains-vegetables pattern scores had a lower OR for prediabetes (OR = 0.83; 95% CI:0.747–0.965; P = 0.03). Besides, no statistically significant association was observed in the association between the traditional southern Chinese pattern and prediabetes risk (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that the Western pattern was associated with higher risk, and the grains-vegetables pattern was associated with lower risk of prediabetes. Future prospective studies are required to validate our findings.

The dietary acid load is higher in subjects with prediabetes who are at greater risk of diabetes: a case\u2013control study

BackgroundWe aimed to examine the association of dietary acid load and prediabetes in a case–control study.MethodsThis study recruited 297 subjects including 147 prediabetic subjects and 150 controls referred to diabetes screening center in Shahreza, Iran. Participants were frequency-matched by sex and age. Blood pressure, anthropometric measures and blood glucose levels were measured. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The dietary acid load scores including the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were calculated based on nutrients intake. NEAP and PRAL scores were categorized by quartiles based on the distribution of controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable odds ratio (OR) of prediabetes across the energy-adjusted and sex-specific quartiles of NEAP and PRAL scores.ResultsParticipants of control group in the higher quartiles of NEAP and PRAL tended to have higher body weight compared to the lower quartiles (P-trend < 0.04). After adjustment for multiple confounding variables, participants in the highest quartiles of NEAP and PRAL had increased OR for prediabetes (OR = 14.48 95% CI 5.64–37.19), and (OR = 25.61 95% CI 9.63–68.08) (P-trend < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionOur data indicated subjects with prediabetes had diets with more acid-forming potential than control group. Our findings suggest that higher dietary acid load was associated with increased prediabetes morbidity. Interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the role of acidogenic diets in the development of prediabetes.

Serum Lipid Profile and Its Association with Diabetes and Prediabetes in a Rural Bangladeshi Population.

Dyslipidemia is commonly associated with diabetes (T2DM). This has been demonstrated for the Caucasian population, but few data are available for Asian Indians. The paper aims to investigate serum lipids (separately or in combination) and their association with glucose intolerance status (T2DM and prediabetes) in a rural Bangladeshi population. A sample of 2293 adults (≥20 years) were included in a community based cross-sectional survey in 2009. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, blood glucose (fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test) and fasting serum lipids (total cholesterol, T-Chol; triglycerides, Tg; low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C) were registered. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and regression analysis were performed. High Tg levels were seen in 26% to 64% of the participants, depending on glucose tolerance status. Low HDL-C levels were seen in all groups (>90%). Significant linear trends were observed for high T-Chol, high Tg and low HDL-C with increasing glucose intolerance (p for trend <0.001). T2DM was significantly associated with high T-Chol (Odds ratio (OR): 2.43, p < 0.001), high Tg (OR: 3.91, p < 0.001) and low HDL-C (OR: 2.17, p = 0.044). Prediabetes showed a significant association with high Tg (OR: 1.96, p < 0.001) and low HDL-C (OR: 2.93, p = 0.011). Participants with combined high Tg and low HDL-C levels had a 12.75-fold higher OR for T2DM and 4.89 OR for prediabetes. In Asian Indian populations an assessment of serum lipids is warranted not only for T2DM patients, but also for those with prediabetes.

Validation of DIABSCORE in screening for Type 2 Diabetes and prediabetes in Tunisian population.

AimsTo perform a validation of DIABSCORE in a sample of Tunisian adults and find out the optimal cut-off point for screening of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes.Methods225 adults 18–75 years and a subgroup of 138 adults (18–54 years), with undiagnosed T2D from the region of Cap-Bon, Tunisia were included in the present study. The DIABSCORE was calculated based on: age, waist/height ratio, family history of T2D and gestational diabetes. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and areas under curve (AUC) were obtained. The T2D and prediabetes prevalences odds ratios (OR) between patients exposed and not exposed to DIABSCORE≥90 and DIABSCORE≥80, respectively were calculated in both age ranges.ResultsFor screening of T2D the best value was DIABSCORE = 90 with a highest sensitivity (Se), negative predictive value (NPV) and lower negative likelihood ratio in participants aged 18–75 yr (Se = 97%; NPV = 97%) when compared to participants aged 18–54 yr (Se = 95%; NPV = 97%); for prediabetes, the best Se and NPV were for DIABSCORE = 80 in both age groups, but it showed a disbalanced sensitivity-specificity. The ROC curves for T2D showed a similar AUC in both age ranges (AUC = 0.62 and AUC = 0.61 respectively). The ROC curves for prediabetes showed a highest AUC in those aged 18–54 years than the older ones (AUC = 0.62 and AUC = 0.57, respectively). The prevalences OR of T2D for DIABSCORE≥90 was higher than for DIABSCORE≥80 in both age ranges. Nevertheless, the prevalences OR of prediabetes for DIABSCORE≥90 was half of the detected for DIABSCORE≥80 in both age ranges.ConclusionThe DIABSCORE is a simple clinical tool and accurate method in screening for T2D and prediabetes in the adult Tunisian population.

Higher serum 25(OH)D level is associated with decreased risk of impairment of glucose homeostasis: data from Southwest China

BackgroundRecent epidemiological studies have suggested inverse associations between vitamin D status and metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine whether a higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was associated with a more favorable glucose homeostasis among adults without diabetes in Southwest China.MethodsSerum 25(OH)D concentration was measured in a cross-sectional sample of 1514 adults without diabetes aged 25–65 years recruited from Southwest China. Indices describing glucose homeostasis included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the homeostatic model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and odds of pre-diabetes. Data were analyzed by multivariable-adjusted regression models.ResultsThe average serum 25(OH)D was 22.66 ng/ml, and percentages of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml], insufficiency [20 ≤ 25(OH)D ≤ 30 ng/ml] were 47.6 and 32.2%, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting insulin (P = 0.0007), HbA1c (P = 0.0001) and HOMA2-IR (P = 0.0007), but not with FPG, after adjusting for age, gender, monthly personal income, smoking status, energy intake, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and waist circumference (WC). Compared with the lowest 25(OH)D tertile, the odds ratio for pre-diabetes in the highest tertile was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.47-0.99) after adjustment for cofounders. In the following stratified analyses according to weight status, we only observed this inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and pre-diabetes in overweight or obese adults (n = 629, P = 0.047), but not in their counterparts with BMI < 24 kg/m2.ConclusionsOur results advocate that a higher serum 25(OH)D level is associated with decreased risk of impairment of glucose homeostasis among adults without diabetes in Southwest China. Further studies are warranted to determine the role of vitamin D in glucose homeostasis.

Higher Intake of Phytochemical-Rich Foods is Inversely Related to Prediabetes: A Case-Control Study.

Background:Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) has introduced as an inexpensive method for quantifying the phytochemicals in foods. For the first time, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between DPI and the risk of prediabetes.Methods:Three hundred participants were assigned to 150 prediabetics (cases) and 150 healthy (controls) groups. Anthropometric values, fasting blood glucose, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. The DPI was calculated based on data collected from 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire.Results:The sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI was inversely related to fasting blood glucose (FBG) and OGTT (P < 0.001). The odds ratio (OR) of prediabetes was assessed across sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI quartiles. After adjusting for body mass index, physical activity, education, dietary intake of energy, fiber, carbohydrate (% of energy), fat (% of energy), and protein (% of energy), the OR of prediabetes across the sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI quartiles decreased significantly (P-trend < 0.001).Conclusions:We found that higher DPI score is related to lower prediabetes OR. This simple method may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent prediabetes.

Relationship Between Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Level and Insulin Resistance, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Visceral Fat Mass in Prediabetes

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggest that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a vital role in glucose metabolism. We aimed to ascertain whether MIF levels are altered in subjects with prediabetes and also to determine the relationship between MIF and metabolic parameters as well as visceral fat mass. Material and MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 40 subjects with prediabetes and 40 age-, body mass index (BMI)- and sex-matched subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Circulating MIF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Metabolic parameters of recruited subjects were evaluated. Visceral fat mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance method. ResultsCirculating MIF levels were found to be elevated in subjects with prediabetes compared to controls (26.46 ± 16.98 versus 17.44 ± 11.80 ng/mL, P = 0.007). MIF positively correlated with BMI, visceral fat mass and indirect indices of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. In linear regression model, an independent association was found between MIF levels and metabolic parameters, including BMI, visceral fat mass and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratio for prediabetes was higher in subjects in the highest quartile of MIF compared to those in the lowest quartile, after adjusting for potential confounders. ConclusionsIncreased MIF levels are associated with the elevation of prediabetic risk.

Glycemic status and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults: Findings from the REACTION study.

Diagnosed diabetes has been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between non-diabetic hyperglycemia and CKD remained uncertain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between different glycemic status and CKD in Chinese adults and to assess the prevalence and control of diabetes among individuals with CKD. In all, 250 752 adults aged ≥40 years were selected from the baseline cohort of the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. Plasma glucose concentrations and biochemical and other clinical data were collected; CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 . The prevalence of CKD increased gradually with deterioration of glucose metabolic status in both men and women ( P trend < 0.001 for both). Compared with individuals with normal glucose regulation, men with prediabetes and diabetes had higher risks of prevalent CKD (prediabetes odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.32; newly diagnosed diabetes OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08-1.49; previously diagnosed diabetes OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.78-2.35). Similar results were observed in women, but not among those with prediabetes. In male CKD patients with diabetes, 52.1% received antidiabetic treatment and 41.8% of those treated had effective glycemic control, higher than values for females. Prediabetes and diabetes were associated with an increased risk of CKD in Chinese men. Control of diabetes among Chinese CKD patients is far from optimal.

Not only type 2 diabetes but also prediabetes is associated with portal inflammation and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AimsGrowing evidence suggests that not only type 2 diabetes (T2D) but also prediabetes (PD) is common in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, few data exist on how PD impacts the histological characteristics of NAFLD patients. In this exploratory study, we sought to investigate the associations of PD and T2D with the severity of the histological features in patients with NAFLD. MethodsThe population consisted of 280 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. The associations of PD and T2D with the severity of histological features of NAFLD were analyzed using multiple logistic (or ordinal logistic) regression models after adjustment for confounding factors. ResultsPD and T2D was noted in 102 (36.4%) and 92 (32.8%) of patients, respectively. Of the 92 patients with T2D, ten (10.9%) were diagnosed de novo after the OGTT. PD and T2D were significantly associated with more severe portal inflammation (P<0.01); the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of PD and T2D for having a higher grade of portal inflammation were 1.8 [95% CI, 1.1, 3.2] and 2.6 [95% CI, 1.3, 5.8]), respectively. A similar relationship was observed for liver fibrosis (P<0.001); specifically, the adjusted ORs of PD and T2D for having a higher grade of hepatic fibrosis were 2.4 [95% CI, 1.3, 3.7] and 3.8 [95% CI, 1.9, 6.1]), respectively. ConclusionNot only T2D but also PD is independently associated with portal inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD patients. PD may be useful as a clinical indicator of patients who are likely to have already more severe histological findings.

Association of Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Japanese Urban Workers and their Families: A Cross- Sectional Study

Purpose: The purposes of the study were to examine prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (here after called diabetes) and to examine the association of prediabetes and diabetes with cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among Japanese urban workers and their families. Methods: Subjects were 9881 men and 12033 women of company employees and their families between 17 and 87 years of age who participated in cardiovascular disease screening in major cities, Japan. Persons having diabetes were defined as those taking medication of diabetes and/or having medical history of diabetes and/or whose fasting plasma glucose was equal to or higher than 126 mg/dl and/or whose hemoglobinA1c was equal to or higher than 6.5%. Persons with prediabetes were defined as those whose fasting plasma glucose was from 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl and/or whose hemoglobin A1c was from 5.7% to 6.4% excluding persons defined as having diabetes. In addition to descriptive analysis, logistic regression method was applied to examine the association of prediabetes and diabetes with CVD risk factors. Results: There were 2001 (20.3%) men and 2756 (22.9%) women with prediabetes, whereas 678 (6.9%) men and 330 (2.7%) women were identified as having diabetes. Significant odds ratios (ORs) of prediabetes and diabetes were observed in association with age, hypertension, triglycerides >200 m/dl and BMI >25 in both genders. Significant ORs of prediabetes and diabetes appeared in low HDL-C ( 5 times/week. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes increased with advancing age and that prediabetes and diabetes share almost the same CVD risk factors.

The Association of Genetic Markers for Type 2 Diabetes with Prediabetic Status - Cross-Sectional Data of a Diabetes Prevention Trial

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of risk alleles for type 2 diabetes with prediabetes accounting for age, anthropometry, inflammatory markers and lifestyle habits.DesignCross-sectional study of 129 men and 157 women of medium-sized companies in northern Germany in the Delay of Impaired Glucose Tolerance by a Healthy Lifestyle Trial (DELIGHT).MethodsBesides established risk factors, 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have previously been found to be associated with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. As a nonparametric test a random forest approach was used that allows processing of a large number of predictors. Variables with the highest impact were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to estimate their association with prediabetes.ResultsIndividuals with prediabetes were characterized by a slightly, but significantly higher number of type 2 diabetes risk alleles (42.5±4.1 vs. 41.3±4.1, p = 0.013). After adjustment for age and waist circumference 6 SNPs with the highest impact in the random forest analysis were associated with risk for prediabetes in a logistic regression model. At least 5 of these SNPs were positively related to prediabetic status (odds ratio for prediabetes 1.57 per allele (Cl 1.21–2.10, p = 0.001)).ConclusionsThis explorative analysis of data of DELIGHT demonstrates that at least 6 out of 41 genetic variants characteristic of individuals with type 2 diabetes may also be associated with prediabetes. Accumulation of these risk alleles may markedly increase the risk for prediabetes. However, prospective studies are required to corroborate these findings and to demonstrate the predictive value of these genetic variants for the risk to develop prediabetes.