OD Groups Research Articles

Effect of resistance training on osteopenic rat bones in neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetes: Analysis of GLUT4 content and biochemical, biomechanical, densitometric, and microstructural evaluation

AimsTo investigate the effect of resistance training-RT on glycemia, expression of the glucose transporter-GLUT4, bone mineral density-BMD, and microstructural and biomechanical properties of osteopenic rat bones in neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Main methodsSixty-four 5-day-old male rats were divided into two groups: control and diabetic rats injected with vehicle or streptozotocin, respectively. After 55 days, densitometric analysis-DA of the tibia was performed. These groups were subdivided into four subgroups: non-osteopenic control-CN, osteopenic control-OC, non-osteopenic diabetic-DM, and osteopenic diabetic-OD. The OC and OD groups were suspended by their tails for 21 days to promote osteopenia in the hindlimb; subsequently, a second DA was performed. The rats were subdivided into eight subgroups: sedentary control-SC, sedentary osteopenic control-SOC, exercised control-EC, exercised osteopenic control-EOC, sedentary diabetic-SD, sedentary osteopenic diabetic-SOD, exercised diabetic-ED, and exercised osteopenic diabetic-EOD. For RT, the rats climbed a ladder with weights secured to their tails for 12 weeks. After RT, a third DA was performed, and blood samples, muscles, and tibias were assessed to measure glycemia, insulinemia, GLUT4 content, bone maximum strength, fracture energy, extrinsic stiffness, BMD, cancellous bone area, trabecular number, and trabecular width. Key findingsAfter RT, glycemia, GLUT4 content, BMD, and bone microstructural and biomechanical properties were improved in diabetic rats (osteopenic and non-osteopenic). However, RT had no effect on these parameters in the EC and SC groups. SignificanceThese results suggest that RT improves GLUT4 content, BMD, and microstructural and biomechanical properties of bone in osteopenic and non-osteopenic diabetic rats and is effective in controlling glycemia.

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PHARMACOTHERAPY IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL COLLEGE IN INDIA

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Atenolol and Olmesartan in Stage-1 hypertension (HTN), and the adverse effect profile of Atenolol and Olmesartan in Stage-1 HTN. Methods: A prospective, randomized, open, and parallel study was carried out in 100 patients attending the outpatient department of General Medicine Department MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, India with Stage -1 HTN according to joint national committee VII. The patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive Tab. Atenolol 50 mg od (Group A, n=50) and Tab. Olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg (Group B, n=50) od for a total period of 12 weeks with regular follow up every 2 weeks from the baseline. At each visit, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and adverse effects were evaluated. Laboratory investigations were carried out at baseline and end of the study period. p<0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: Atenolol and Olmesartan medoxomil both significantly reduce BP and heart rate (p<0.005). Olmesartan medoxomil is more efficacious in reducing BP. Conclusion: Olmesartan medoxomil is a better choice for Stage -1 HTN between the two drugs as it leads to a greater decrement in BP.

Comparing Masticatory Performance of Maxillary Mini Dental Implant Overdentures, Complete Removable Dentures and Dentate Subjects.

Background: Mini dental implant (MDI) overdenture rehabilitation for the edentulous maxilla is a valuable, less invasive and affordable treatment alternative for complete removable dentures (CRD). However, comparative quantification of masticatory performance in different oral conditions are scarce. Purpose: This study compares objective masticatory performance of dentate groups, maxillary CRD and MDI overdentures and subjective masticatory performance in maxillary CRD and MDI overdentures. Materials and Methods: Four groups were defined, age 20+ dentate dental students (DS), age 50+ complete dentate subjects (DP), age 50+ maxillary CRD or MDI overdentures/dentate mandible. Objective masticatory performance was evaluated by measuring circular Variance of Hue (VOH) or the mixture degree of two-color chewing gum (Hue-check View Gum® Test). Additionally, subjective masticatory comparison was investigated in the CRD and MDI groups, with a visual analogue scale (VAS) for different food consistencies and the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) OHIP-14 questionnaire. Results: The mean VOH was 0.11 (SD 0.50, range 0.05–0.27) for the dentate dental 20+ students, 0.13 (SD 0.08, range 0.03–0.31) for the 50+ dentate group (p = 0.774), 0.41 (SD 0.41, range 0.14–0.76) for the CRD group and 0.39 (SD 0.18, range 0.07–0.76) for the MDI group (p = 0.725). Based on the VAS scores, no improvement was found between the CRD and the MDI overdenture group (p > 0.050). The mean OHIP-14 total score was 12.10 (SD 15.87, range 0–56) for CRD, while the MDI group (p = 0.039) saw a significant improvement to 2.85 (SD 2.85, range 0–15). Conclusion: Comparable results in objective masticatory performance were registered in dentate 20+ and 50+ subjects with a remarkable inferior outcome for the CRD and MDI group. Compared to CRD, MDI overdentures revealed no substantial improvement in subjective and objective masticatory performance. However, for MDI a significant increase in OHRQL was apparent.

Water-accessibility of interfibrillar spaces in spruce wood cell walls

Water interactions and accessibility of the nanoscale components of plant cell walls influence their properties and processability in relation to many applications. We investigated the water-accessibility of nanoscale pores within the fibrillar structures of unmodified Norway spruce cell walls by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The different sensitivity of SANS to hydrogenated (hbox {H}_2hbox {O}) and deuterated water (hbox {D}_2hbox {O}) was utilized to follow the exchange kinetics of water among cellulose microfibrils. FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the time-dependent re-exchange of OD groups to OH in wood samples transferred from liquid hbox {D}_2hbox {O} to hbox {H}_2hbox {O}. In addition, the effects of drying on the nanoscale structure and its water-accessibility were addressed by comparing SANS results and the kinetics of water exchange between never-dried and dried/rewetted wood samples. The results of the kinetic analyses allowed to identify two processes with different timescales. The diffusion-driven exchange of water in the spaces between microfibrils, which was observed with both SANS and FTIR, takes place within minutes and rather homogeneously. The second, slower process appeared only in the OD/OH re-exchange followed by FTIR, and it still continued after several weeks of immersion in hbox {H}_2hbox {O}. SANS could not detect any significant difference between the never-dried and dried/rewetted samples, whereas FTIR revealed a small portion of OD groups that resisted the re-exchange and this portion became larger with drying.Graphic abstract

COMPARISON OF ORAL DYDROGESTERONE WITH A MICRONIZED VAGINAL PROGESTERONE IN FRESH EMBRYO TRANSFER IN IVF ± ICSI

The aim of this study was to compare two luteal phase support (LPS) treatments: oral dydrogesterone versus micronized vaginal progesterone on the clinical pregnancy rates after fresh embryo transfert. This study was a retrospective, monocentric and observational study carried out in the reproductive medicine department at the University Hospital, Femme Mère Enfant in Lyon. 580 consecutive women between 18 and 43 years old, who completed an IVF cycle with or without ICSI, followed by fresh embryo transfer on the second or third day after oocyte retrieval (D2 or D3) or at the blastocyst stage (D5 or D6) between July 2019 and July 2020 were included. In the univariate analysis, the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was comparable between the MVP and OD groups (29.7% and 27.6% respectively with p = 0.6460). In the multivariate analysis, OD also appeared to be associated with a similar pregnancy rate compared to MVP, with a non-significant difference (p > 0.05) (OR [95% CI]): 0.922 [0.626; 1,358] with p = 0.6817. The use of OD compared to MVP did not significantly influence the clinical pregnancy rate in any age group (p > 0.05) (OR [95% CI]): 0.954 [0.657; 1.386] with p = 0.8057. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the clinical pregnancy rate, whether the patients belonged to the reference population of the center or not (p > 0.05) (OR [95% CI]): 2.367 [0.568; 3.568] with p < 0.0001. This is the largest retrospective study comparing these two routes of progestogens in LPS during IVF and it reinforces the use of the oral form to improve patients’ comfort.

Salidroside alleviates taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate-induced AR42J cell injury

ObjectivesTo investigate the protective effects of Salidroside (Sal) on AP cell model induced by taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S) as well as its underlying mechanism. MethodsAR42J cells were divided into normal group (N group), AP cell model group (Mod group), Sal treated alone group (S+N group) and Sal treated AP cell model group (S+Mod group). The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. Secretion of lipase and trypsin by AR42J cells, quantified using commercial assay kits, was used as the markers of TLC-S-induced pancreatitis. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 in the cell supernatant were measured by ELISA. The effect of Sal on molecules in the NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy was investigated by qRT-PCR and western blot. ResultsThe decreased cell viability in Mod group was increased by Sal (P < 0.01). The upheaved activities of lipase and trypsin in AP cell model were declined by Sal (P < 0.01). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6 in the cell supernatant, Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA and protein, p-p65/p65 protein, which were increased in AP cell model, were decreased by Sal; and IL-10 in the cell supernatant, LAMP2 mRNA and protein, p-IκBα/IκBα protein which was declined in AP cell model, was increased by Sal (P < 0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in all indexes between the N and S+N groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionsSal alleviated AR42J cells injury induced by TLC-S, inhibited the inflammatory responses and modulated the autophagy, mainly through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

P–246 Oocyte degeneration after ICSI is not an indicator of live birth in young women

Abstract Study question To investigate whether oocyte degeneration after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an indicator for predicting the cumulative live birth rate. Summary answer The presence of oocyte degeneration after ICSI is not an indicator for predicting the cumulative live birth rate per OPU cycle in young women. What is known already Oocyte degeneration may be associated with decreased embryo quality for embryo development kinetics was disturbed. No differences in clinical outcomes such as implantation rate or clinical pregnancy rate were found in fresh embryo transfer cycles in retrospective studies. Study design, size, duration This was a retrospective cohort study, including all the oocyte retrieval cycles from young women who underwent ICSI from January 2018 to December 2019 at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Participants/materials, setting, methods The inclusion criteria were as follows: female age was younger than 35 years; the first or second oocyte retrieval cycles ;the number of oocyte retrieval was between 8 and 20; all the cycles performed fresh embryo transfer on day 3 after insemination. Cycles with at least one oocyte degenerated after ICSI were defined as the oocyte degeneration group (OD group), and cycles with no oocyte degenerated after ICSI were defined as the non-OD group Main results and the role of chance There were no significant differences with regards to implantation rate (38.5% vs 35.1%, P = 0.302), clinical pregnancy rate (54.9% vs 50.3%, P = 0.340), and live birth rate per OPU cycle (47.0% vs 42.9%, P = 0.395) between OD and non-OD groups. Initial gonadotropin dosage, E2 level on hCG day and the number of matured oocytes appeared to be independent risk factors for OD, after adjustment for female age, female BMI, duration of gonadotropin administration, FORT, number of retrieved oocytes and different technicians. The adjusted odds ratio of live birth rate per OPU cycle were similar in subgroups with different oocyte degeneration rates. The ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate per transfer in FET cycles was not significantly different between OD group and non-OD groups (38.8% vs 43.9%, P = 0.439). The cumulative live birth rate per OPU cycle was also comparable between the OD group and non-OD group (63.4% vs 64.8%, P = 0.760). Limitations, reasons for caution The time interval for the follow-up was not long enough for all the frozen embryos to be transferred. Moreover, the retrospective nature of the study introduces the potential to include confounding variables that may bias our results, although we performed multiple logistic regression analysis to minimize these effects. Wider implications of the findings: The presence of oocyte degeneration is not an indicator for predicting the cumulative live birth rate per OPU cycle in young women. Initial gonadotropin dosage, E2 level on hCG day and the number of matured oocytes appeared to be independent risk factors for oocyte degeneration. Trial registration number none

Evaluation of Oversized Drilling on Implant Survival and Stability Versus Traditional Drilling Technique: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of oversized drilling on the stability of the implant and the bone response during osseointegration. The trial was designed as a prospective, parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial with 20 implants placed in the posterior region of the maxilla. The sample size was divided into two groups, 10 each, with implants being placed with manufacturer-recommended implant osteotomy preparation according to the manufacturer guidelines in one group (MR group) vs oversized osteotomy preparation (3 to 5 mm) in the other group (oversized drilling [OD] group). The implant stability was monitored for 3 months by means of resonance frequency analysis, while the crestal bone levels were recorded using parallel technique periapical radiography for 6 months. Patient-reported outcomes including pain, swelling, satisfaction, and implant survival were all monitored throughout the study. In the MR group, a mean decrease in implant stability quotient (ISQ) values was detected during the first 4 weeks, after which a gradual increase in values was recorded. In comparison, the OD group showed a rapid increase in ISQ value over the entire follow-up period from baseline and up to week 12. Regarding crestal bone level, follow-up showed a significant difference when comparing baseline and 6-month radiographs (P = .00) between the OD group, 0.908 mm ± 0.343, and the MR group, 1.3 ± 0.23 mm. Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the oversized osteotomy technique may lead to earlier implant stability and postsurgical recovery compared with the manufacturer-recommended technique for osteotomy preparation. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Comparison of posterior residual ridge resorption in patients wearing conventional denture, two implant-retained mandibular overdenture and four implant-supported overdenture: a 5-year retrospective study.

Purpose: The aim of the following study was to assess and compare the effect of treatment with conventional complete dentures, two implant retained mandibular overdenture and four implant supported mandibular overdenture on mandibular posterior residual ridge resorption over a 5-year period. Material and methods 24 patients were selected from previous studies, where (group I) included 8 patients previously treated with conventional complete dentures. The second group (group II) 8 patients received mandibular overdenture using two osseointegrated implants, (group III)8 patients received implant supported mandibular overdenture using two implants in canine region and two implants in the first molar region connected with rigid bar. Posterior residual ridge resorption was evaluated for all groups using proportional area measurements. Results: After 5years of prosthetic treatment, regarding posterior residual ridge resorption, statistically significant bone resorption had occurred for all the three groups, also statistically significant difference was reported when comparing the two-implant overdenture group to the four-implant supported overdenture group. Conclusion Four implant supported overdenture with the posterior implants in the first molar region showed the least amount of posterior ridge resorption after 5 years of treatment in comparison to conventional complete dentures or two implant retained overdenture.

Asymmetric response of interfacial water to applied electric fields.

Our understanding of the dielectric response of interfacial water, which underlies the solvation properties and reaction rates at aqueous interfaces, relies on the linear response approximation: an external electric field induces a linearly proportional polarization. This implies antisymmetry with respect to the sign of the field. Atomistic simulations have suggested, however, that the polarization of interfacial water may deviate considerably from the linear response. Here we present an experimental study addressing this issue. We measured vibrational sum-frequency generation spectra of heavy water (D2O) near a monolayer graphene electrode, to study its response to an external electric field under controlled electrochemical conditions. The spectra of the OD stretch show a pronounced asymmetry for positive versus negative electrode charge. At negative charge below 5×1012 electrons per square centimetre, a peak of the non-hydrogen-bonded OD groups pointing towards the graphene surface is observed at a frequency of 2,700per centimetre. At neutral or positive electrode potentials, this 'free-OD' peak disappears abruptly, and the spectra display broad peaks of hydrogen-bonded OD species (at 2,300-2,650per centimetre). Miller's rule1 connects the vibrational sum-frequency generation response to the dielectric constant. The observed deviation from the linear response for electric fields of about ±3×108volts per metre calls into question the validity of treating interfacial water as a simple dielectric medium.

Fracture incidence in implant-retained mandibular overdenture constructed by either conventional method or CAD/CAM technology- A one year follow up.

Fracture incidence in implant retained mandibular overdenture constructed by either conventional method or CAD/CAM technology- A one year follow up. Abstract Purpose: To compare clinically the fracture incidence in overdentures constructed by CAD/CAM technology and compare it with those overdentures constructed by conventional heat cured methods in mandibular overdentures retained by two implants. Materials and Methods: Twenty completely edentulous patients were participated in this study. The patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups of patients (Group A and group B). Group A patients received complete dentures constructed by conventional heat cured technique. Group B patients received complete dentures constructed by CAD/CAM technology. All the patients received two root form implants bilaterally in the canine regions following delayed loading protocol. Locator attachment was then used to retain the overdenture after 3 months healing period. Overdenture fracture was evaluated for the next 12 month after implant loading. Results: Only two overdentures from the conventional overdenture group (group A) experienced fracture at area near to the abutment. Chi-square test indicted that, there is no significant differences in the fracture incidence between the study groups after 12 months observation period (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of overdenture fractures was not significantly different between overdentures constructed by CAD/CAM or conventional heat curing techniques. When fractures take place, they tended to be in areas close to the abutment.

Effect of Using Two Treatment Modalities on the Alveolar Bone Height in Flat Ridge Cases

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of using two treatment modalities on the alveolar bone height in flat ridge cases. Materials and methods: Ten completely edentulous male patients were selected. Age of the patients ranged from 55-65 years old. All patients had resorbed lower ridges. The patients were divided into two groups, five patients each. All group (A) Patients received conventional flexible denture while, all group (B) patients received overdenture supported by single sympheseal implant. Mandibular bone height was measured by Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) for both groups using stent containing radio-opaque stainless steel wires at posterior region corresponding to (5, 6,7) denture teeth at the time of flexible denture/overdenture delivery and 6, 9, 12 month after. Results: Regarding intergroup comparison of the change in bone height (%) group (A) had a higher mean value of bone height changes than group (B) which was found statistically not significant. Regarding frequency and percentage values for patient satisfaction questionnaire answers there were no significant differences in the answers of both groups. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it could be concluded that, there was no significant difference between flexible complete denture group and single implant flexible overdenture group regarding posterior mandibular bone resorption and patient satisfaction.

Emergence of Frustrated Short-Range Order above Long-Range Order in the S = 1/2 Kagome Antiferromagnet CaCu3(OD)6Cl2∙0.6D2O

We report on the low-energy dynamics in the kagome antiferromagnet CaCu$_3$(OD)$_6$Cl$_2\cdot0.6$D$_2$O (Ca-kapellasite) as studied by use of $^2$D-NMR measurements. Previous $^{35}$Cl-NMR measurements revealed that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate ($1/T_1$) shows two peaks at temperatures, $T^{\ast} = 7.2$ K and $T_s \simeq 25$ K. While the low-temperature peak at $T^{\ast}$ is ascribed to the critical fluctuations near the long-range magnetic ordering, the origin of the high-temperature peak has not been fully understood. From the $1/T_1$ measurements on the D sites at the OD groups (D$_{\rm OD}$), we find no peak at $T_s$, evidencing that the high-temperature peak is not related to the molecular dynamics of the OD groups. We discuss the possibility of a frustration-induced short-range ordered state below $T_s$ before the long-range order is stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We also observed static internal fields at the D$_{\rm OD}$ site in the long-range ordered state below $T^{\ast}$, and confirm the previously proposed negative-chirality $q=0$ magnetic structure.

A comparative study evaluating the efficacy and safety of once daily versus three times daily mesalazine in ulcerative colitis

Background: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease affecting the colonic mucosa. Oral Mesalazine is one of the established treatments for UC and the conventional dosing regimen is 3 times a day. However, medical management favors lesser dosing frequency and the evidence of once daily dosing efficacy is not established by randomized controlled trials. Aim and Objective: Aim and objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of once daily versus 3 times daily Mesalazine in UC. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a sample of patients newly diagnosed with mild to moderately active UC. Patients were grouped into to once daily and 3 times daily groups. Outcomes were measured by Partial Mayo score, Individual Symptom Assessment, endoscopy and Histological score at the end of 8th week. Primary endpoint was proportion of patients achieving clinical remission and response with Partial Mayo score at the end of 8th week from start of treatment. Analysis was done using Epi Info Version 7. Results: Sixty patients were assessed (31 patients in OD group and 29 patients in TID group). 61.3% patients in OD group and 62.1% in TID group achieved remission, whereas 71% in the OD group and 58.6% in the TID group achieved clinical response to treatment at the end of 8th week with Partial Mayo score. Conclusion: The study concludes that once daily dosing regimen of Mesalazine is as efficacious and safe as 3 times daily dosing regimen in inducing remission in mild to moderate UC.

The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone administration on intestinal calcium absorption in ovariectomized female rats

[Purpose] Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration reportedly recovers osteoporosis, a bone disorder associated with bone deficiency in postmenopausal women. However, the physiological mechanism of DHEA in osteoporosis remains elusive, especially in terms of intestinal calcium absorption. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DHEA administration on calcium absorption in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats using an estrogen receptor antagonist.[Methods] Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=23, 6 weeks old) were randomized into three groups: OVX control group (OC, n=7), OVX with DHEA treatment group (OD, n=8), and OVX with DHEA inhibitor group (ODI, n=8) for 8 weeks.[Results] Intestinal calcium accumulation, as well as the rate of absorption, demonstrated no significant differences during the experimental period among investigated groups. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia at the proximal metaphysis was higher in the OD group than that in the OC group (p<0.05); however, BMD of the ODI group showed no significant difference from investigated groups. Furthermore, the BMD of the tibia at the diaphysis did not significantly differ among these groups.[Conclusion] We revealed that DHEA administration does not involve intestinal Ca absorption, although this treatment improves BMD levels in OVX rats. These observations indicate that the effect of DHEA on the bone in postmenopausal women is solely due to its influence on bone metabolism and not intestinal calcium absorption.

Humidity-dependence of the hydroxyl accessibility in Norway spruce wood

This study aimed at a better understanding of the wood-water interaction, in particular the role of the hydroxyl accessibility during the humidity-dependent change in moisture content. Thin sections (80 µm) of never-dried Norway spruce sapwood that contained early- and latewood were used for the experiments. Sorption isotherm measurements confirmed the humidity-dependent moisture content changes and the effect of the first drying of the wood sections. Changes in hydroxyl accessibility were then determined by deuteration of the sections using deuterium oxide, followed by their re-protonation in water (H2O) vapor at different relative humidity: 15, 55 or 95%. The deuteration and re-protonation of the wood sections were quantified by dry mass changes as well as by changes in the OH and OD stretching vibrations in the Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results showed that the deuterated sections could be almost completely re-protonated in H2O vapor, nearly irrespective of the applied relative humidity. Therefore, changes in hydroxyl accessibility were not the driving force for the humidity-dependent changes in moisture content. However, a slow re-protonation rate at low relative humidity had to be considered. Nonetheless, a small quantity of OD groups persisted the re-protonation in H2O vapor and liquid H2O, which was not related to the drying of the wood.Graphic abstract

Drug use and driving behaviors among drivers with and without alcohol-related infractions.

Introduction Brazil is one of the countries with the highest rates of alcohol-related traffic infractions, but little is known about the profile of the drivers who commit them. Identifying the characteristics of impaired drivers is essential for planning preventive actions.Objective To compare drug use and driving behavior profiles of drivers with and without alcohol-related infractions.Methods 178 drivers stopped at routine roadblocks were assessed by traffic agents who conducted standard roadblock procedures (document verification; request of a breathalyzer test [BT]). Drug use and driving behavior data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Subjects were divided into three groups: drivers who refused the BT (RDs, n = 72), drivers who tested positive on the BT (PDs, n = 34), and drivers who had committed other infractions (ODs, n = 72).Results The proportion of alcohol use in the last year was higher among RDs (100%) than in the PD and OD groups (97.1% and 72.2% respectively, p < 0.001). Lifetime prevalence of cannabis and cocaine use for the overall sample was 44.3% and 18.2%, respectively. Fewer individuals in the OD group (31.5%) reported having been stopped at roadblocks in the previous year compared to the PDs (55.9%) and RDs (48.6%, p = 0.03). However, a higher proportion of RDs reported drunk driving in the same period (87.5%; PD 69.7%; OD 26.9%; p < 0.001).Conclusion Essential differences among groups were observed. RDs had a higher proportion of alcohol use and drunk driving in the previous year; drivers who fit into this particular group may be unresponsive or less responsive to social deterrence and enforcement actions.

Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Patients Using Conventional Dentures versus Implant-Supported Overdentures.

Objectives:This study aimed to compare the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients using conventional dentures versus implant-supported overdentures.Materials and Methods:This study evaluated the OHRQoL of 90 patients between 35 to 75 years who were selected from several public and private dental clinics in Tehran in 2018. Of all, 45 had conventional dentures of both jaws, and 45 had a mandibular overdenture supported by two implants at the site of mandibular canine teeth and a conventional maxillary denture. The OHRQoL of patients was determined using the Oral Health Impact Prfile-20 (OHIP-20). The questionnaire was translated to Persian, and its content validity and internal consistency were confirmed. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, and independent t-test.Results:In the conventional denture group, 46.7% had good, 46.7% had moderate, and 6.6% had poor OHRQoL. These values were 55.6%, 37.8% and 6.6% in the overdenture group, respectively. Level of education had a significant correlation with the total score of OHIP-20 in both groups (P<0.05). But no significant association was noted between the residential status and gender of patients with different domains of OHRQoL (P>0.05) except for the psychological disability domain, which had a higher mean value in males with conventional dentures (P<0.05).Conclusion:Patients with a mandibular overdenture supported by two implants at the site of canine teeth and a conventional maxillary denture had higher OHRQoL than patients with conventional dentures of both jaws.

Freezing the Motion in Hydroxy-Functionalized Ionic Liquids-Temperature Dependent NMR Deuteron Quadrupole Coupling Constants for Two Types of Hydrogen Bonds Far below the Glass Transition.

We measured the deuteron quadrupole coupling constants (DQCCs) for hydroxy-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) with varying alkyl chain length over the temperature range between 60 and 200 K by means of solid-state NMR spectroscopy. For all temperatures, the 2H spectra show two DQCCs representing different types of hydrogen bonds. Higher values, ranging from 220 to 250 kHz, indicate weaker hydrogen bonds between cation and anion (c-a), and lower values varying from 165 to 210 kHz result from stronger hydrogen bonds between the OD groups of cations (c-c), in agreement with recent observations in infrared, neutron diffraction, and NMR studies. We observed different temperature dependencies for (c-a) and (c-c) hydrogen bonding. From the static pattern of the 2H spectra at the lowest temperatures, we derived the true DQCCs being up to 20 kHz larger than recently reported values measured at the glass transition temperature. We were able to freeze the librational motions of the hydrogen bonds in the ILs. The temperature dependence of the (c-a) and (c-c) cluster populations in the glassy state is opposite to that observed in the liquid state, partly anticipating the behavior of ILs tending to crystallize.

Thermoplastic Mandibular Tooth Supported Overdentures Versus Acrylic One (Maxillary Tissue Changes).

Objectives: the work was to determine the maxillary tissue changes under acrylic and flexible lower tooth supported overdentures. Methods: The study was accomplished on 20 patients; the selected cases were upper completely edentulous and lower tooth supported one. lower overdenture supported with canines bilaterally. The cases randomly split into two groups: Group I; ten patients wear acrylic complete upper denture and acrylic mandibular tooth supported overdenture Group II; ten patients wear flexible complete upper denture and flexible lower tooth supported overdenture. Clinical tests were performed by measuring the soft tissue thickness of superimpose the anterior upper ridge at 2 dots 1 cm and 2 cm on each hand to the midline at time of prosthesis delivery and at 12 months. Also, radiographic evaluations of upper edentulous area estimated at time of prosthesis delivery and at 12 months. Results: there was non-significant increase in upper mucosa thickness in both groups at both points of measurements. Also, both groups showed radiographic bony changes in maxillary ridge. There was significant increase in maxillary bony changes in Group I in compare to Group II. Conclusion: it was concluded that there was slight increase in the thickness of soft tissue above the anterior upper ridge in each sequence. More bone resorption allover region of maxilla was observed in Group I, but there was slight decrease in Group II more than Group I.