Acute graft vs host disease (GVHD) is thought to be mainly a Th1 inflammatory-mediated process, whereas chronic GVHD involves primarily Th2 inflammation. To elucidate new strategies for the treatment and prevention of ocular GVHD, it is important to understand the pathophysiologic connection between systemic and organ-specific acute and chronic GVHD. The two types of inflammatory processes, however, represent only a part of a highly intricate, complex disorder. Studies to further understand the inflammatory profile of ocular GVHD are ongoing.