Octanol Research Articles

A green and rapid deep eutectic solvent dispersed liquid–liquid microextraction with magnetic particles-assisted retrieval method: Proof-of-concept for the determination of antidepressants in biofluids

In this study, a green and rapid method called deep eutectic solvent dispersed liquid–liquid microextraction with magnetic particles-assisted retrieval (DES-DLLME-MPAR) was proposed, which was applied for extracting antidepressants from biofluids as a proof-of-concept. Vortex-assisted DES extraction enabled rapid extraction and reusable magnetic particles was utilized to assist in the rapid retrieval of the DES. Ethanol, also low in toxicity, was used as the desorption solvent. Optimal conditions for the extraction were achieved as follows: 10 μL of DES composed of methyltrioctylammonium bromide and capryl alcohol in a molar ratio of 1:3 as the extraction solvent, a sampling solution pH of 10.0, a vortex time of 1 min for both extraction and desorption, 10 mg of magnetic particles for assisting DES retrieval, and a desorption solution of 100 μL ethanol. Under these conditions, the extraction recoveries were above 83.4 % and the whole extraction procedure could be completed in approximately 3 min. Linear calibration curves in the concentration range of 0.01–10.00 μg/mL were obtained for four antidepressants, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.068 to 0.092 μg/mL, meeting the demand for therapeutic drug monitoring. Satisfied accuracies (relative recoveries: 93.8–111.6 %) and precisions (RSD ≤ 6.0 %) were achieved. The detection selectivity was enhanced by the efficient removal of the interferences. Three greenness evaluation metrics collectively demonstrate the excellent greenness of the developed method. The proposed DES-DLLME-MPAR method was rapid, green, simple, inexpensive and accurate, offering a promising alternative approach for the analysis of hydrophobic drugs in clinical biofluids.

Synergistic mechanism of dodecylamine/octanol mixtures enhancing lepidolite flotation from the self-aggregation behaviors at the air/liquid interface

Surface tension measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explore the flotation foam properties and self-aggregation behaviors of dodecylamine (DDA)/octanol (OCT) mixtures formed with different mole ratios at the air/liquid interface. Based on the surface and thermodynamic parameters, the DDA/OCT mixtures exhibited greater interfacial activities and adsorption capacities than their individual components. The MD simulations showed that DDA and OCT were aggregated through hydrogen bonding, coulombic forces and hydrophobic association. OCT was inserted into the DDA adsorption layer, causing the alkyl chains of both DDA and OCT to extend from water to air at varying heights and angles. The addition of OCT improved the hydration of the amino groups and reduced the overall number of hydrogen bonds. The stability of the flotation foam decreased, and the high viscosity and difficult defoaming of the DDA flotation foam were significantly improved. When the DDA/OCT mole ratio was 2:1, the included angle formed between the alkyl chains and the interface was maximized, leading to enhanced compatibility among the alkyl chains, and the hydrogen bond energy was relatively large, which showed a strong synergistic effect. The MD simulation findings were consistent with the results obtained from the lepidolite flotation and surface tension experiments conducted in this study; our results could provide a theoretical foundation for the selection of superior mixed collectors and frothers.

Indium Extraction from Sulfate Solutions with a Mixture of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phosphoric Acid and Octyl Alcohol

ABSTRACT In this work, solvent extraction of In(III) from sulfate solutions by using mixtures of D2EHPA with octyl alcohol and octanoic acid was investigated. The introduction of the additives into the organic phase was shown to lead to an antagonistic effect thus facilitating efficient indium stripping from the loaded organic phase. The antagonistic effect is significantly higher in the D2EHPA (HR) and octyl alcohol (HA) mixtures. The formation of stable associates between D2EHPA and HA leads to a decrease in the extraction efficiency of indium. In the presence of alcohol, almost complete stripping of indium from a D2EHPA loaded phase can be achieved to produce a strip liquor containing>33.0 g/L In. Based on the analysis of the extraction data and by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy of the organic phases, it was concluded that indium extraction with D2EHPA in octyl alcohol is due to the formation of the extracted compound InR3. The equilibrium constant (logK) for indium extraction with solutions of D2EHPA in octyl alcohol was found to be − 0.12 ± 0.05. Extraction systems containing D2EHPA and octyl alcohol can be used to recover indium from various industrial solutions, in particular from the solutions derived from lead-zinc production and from liquid crystal display panel wastes.

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of sodium oleyl sulfate

Abstract In this paper, sodium oleyl sulphate (SOS) was successfully synthesised by reacting octyl alcohol (OA) with gaseous sulphur trioxide (SO3) as a sulphating reagent in a falling film reactor. The structure was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. The dynamic adsorption and aggregation behaviour of SOS was systematically investigated to reveal the relationship between the structure and properties of SOS. The physicochemical properties of SOS were determined by measuring the equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle, respectively. A laser particle size analyser and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to analyse the aggregation behaviour of SOS. Compared to sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium n-octadecyl sulphate (C18H37OSO3Na), which have a similar structure to SOS, the increase in hydrophobic chain size and tighter molecular packing enabled by the polar head conformation caused a decrease in CMC and an increase in surface activity. The efficiency of the surface activity was controlled by a mixed diffusion kinetic adsorption mechanism. Moreover, SOS in aqueous solution showed efficient wettability on the surface of the low-energy paraffin film at concentration above the CMC. In addition, SOS molecules can spontaneously form spheroidal aggregates with increasing concentration, and the size of the aggregates increased with the concentration.

Identification and Functional Analysis of Glutathione S-Transferases from Sitophilus zeamais in Olfactory Organ.

Simple SummarySitophilus zeamais is a worldwide pest that destroys many grain products, causing a loss of cereal quality and quantity resulting from its metabolites and behavior. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), as a group of odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs), play an important role in degrading xenobiotic odorant molecules in insect olfactory sensing systems. However, there have been few reports about the function of the GST genes of S. zeamais in the odorant-degrading process. In this study, we characterized 13 full-length genes encoding GST sequences from S. zeamais and analyzed the expression pattern in different tissues of SzeaGSTd1. In addition, we investigated the ability of recombinant SzeaGSTd1 to degrade the volatile molecules of the host, and the data indicated that the content of capryl alcohol significantly decreased in the system. In summary, we believe SzeaGSTd1 plays a key role in the olfactory sensing system of S. zeamais.Odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) play an important role in rapidly degrading and inactivating odorant molecules that have completed information transmission, as well as in maintaining the stability and sensitivity of insect olfactory sensing systems. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), as a group of ODEs, supposedly bear the ability to catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) and xenobiotic odorant molecules in the degrading process. However, there are few reports regarding the role of the GST genes of Sitophilus zeamais in the degrading process. Thus, we characterized 13 full-length genes encoding GST sequences from S. zeamais, of which only SzeaGSTd1 contained a high abundance in the antennae. Ligand-binding assays implied that SzeaGSTd1 was able to catalyze the conjugation of GSH with 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (CDNB). We investigated whether recombinant SzeaGSTd1 bears the ability to degrade the volatile molecules of the host; among the host volatiles, and found capryl alcohol to be a suitable substrate for SzeaGSTd1. These results strongly suggest that SzeaGSTd1 probably plays a role in auxiliary host location by degrading the host volatiles of capryl alcohol and exhibits a potential biological function in the olfactory sensing system of S. zeamais. Knowledge of the potential functions of SzeaGSTd1 will provide new ideas for biological control strategies for S. zeamais.

Indium Extraction from Sulfate Solutions with a Mixture of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phosphoric Acid and Octyl Alcohol

Indium Extraction from Sulfate Solutions with a Mixture of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phosphoric Acid and Octyl Alcohol

Изучение возможности селективной экстракции рения смесью алифатических спирта и кетона из кислых растворов переработки ренийсодержащих отходов

The results of rhenium (VII) solvent extraction with synergistic mixtures of octyl alcohol and ketone from the high acid chloride and sulphate solutions with high accompanying metals (platinum and molybdenum) content, obtained from leaching of rhenium-containing wastes, were presented. It is shown that synergistic coefficients at rhenium solvent extraction by mixtures of 30–50 % v/v 2-octanol in 2-octanone were not exceeded 1.2–1.3. However, such mixtures recovered fewer impurities of Pt (IV) and Mo (VI), and the separation factors reached 16.0 and 573.2. Besides, mixtures of alcohol and ketone are characterized by higher rhenium (VII) capacity than the alcohol alone.

Performance Test and Application Research of New Gemini Wetting Dust Suppressant

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of dust-catching by water mist to the hard-to-wetting and respirable dust, a new wetting type dust suppressant of Gemini was proposed based on the analysis of the wetting effect of water mist. Based on the evaluation indexes of surface tension, contact Angle, wetting and settling rate of dust spray, the performance of polyquaternary ammonium salt AG-101, dodecanol polyoxyethylene etheryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyl alcohol polyoxyethylene etheryl dimethyl decyl ammonium chloride and macromolecular cationic PCD Gemini surfactants were optimized, and had carried on the dust-suppression performance in a certain open-pit iron mine field experiment research. The results show that the comprehensive dust suppression performance of mass concentration of 2.0% of quaternary ammonium salt polymer AG-101 is the best, indoor experimental tests showed the dust rate is 4.2 times the speed of water, the field test showed that the initial wetting speed is 4.4 times the speed of water, and the action time of dust and water mist suppression is shortened obviously. The field application proves that the total dust removal efficiency is 82.3% (water is 56.6%), which is 45.4% higher than that of water. The dust removal efficiency of respirable dust is 92.1%, which is 16.5% higher than that of water. The research results provide a new dust suppressing agent for optimization of mine spray dust removal.

The Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on Structure and Flotation Characteristics of Lignite and a Mechanistic Analysis.

Lignite is difficult to obtain highly efficient indexes by conventional flotation due to its poor surface hydrophobicity. Although the modification of flotation reagents has made some progress in improving the flotation performance, they all remain at the stage in the laboratory. Here, we proposed to improve the flotation performance by hydrothermal treatment dewatering (HTD) for lignite. Combined with the 13C NMR and FT-IR analysis, the impact of the HTD process on lignite’s chemical structural evolution and flotation performance was investigated. The results showed that the HTD process is an effective means for dehydration and deoxygenation to increase lignite quality and the metamorphic degree of coal. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups generally decreases during the HTD process, especially carboxyl acid and ether groups. Therefore, surface properties and wettability of HTD coal samples were changed, and the contact angle gradually increases with the HTD temperature increased, which enhance the hydrophobicity and decrease hydrophilia of the lignite surface. The HTD process effectively improves the flotation performance of lignite during the conventional flotation operation condition, even if the coal pulp after HTD was directly used as a flotation feedstock. Specifically, the coal oil and capryl alcohol were used as collector and forming agents, respectively, and the pulp concentration was adjusted to 60 g/L. The yield of the cleaned coal increased from 12.14% of the raw coal to 55.58% of HTD310, and combustible matter recovery increased from 13.83% of the raw coal to 65.17% of HTD310 by raw coal basis.

Castor Oil and Acrylate based Copolymers as Greener Additives for Lubricating Oil

In this work, the authors synthesized three different acrylates by esterification reaction of acrylic acid with long chain alcohols (octyl alcohol, decyl alcohol and dodecyl alcohol). Homopolymer of castor oil (CO) and three copolymers of castor oil with acrylates were synthesized by free radical polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. FT-IR and NMR spectral technique were used to characterize the synthesized polymers. The average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) method was used study the thermal behaviour of the polymers at high temperature. Performances of the polymers as additives in lubricating oil were carefully assessed in terms of viscosity index, and pour point. The experimental results showed that the prepared copolymers are better additives than homopolymer. Disc diffusion method was applied to carry out biodegradability test of all the prepared polymers.

Effects of Octyl Alcohol Treatments on Fruit Set and Fruit Quality Attributes in ‘Fuji’ Apples

Effects of Octyl Alcohol Treatments on Fruit Set and Fruit Quality Attributes in ‘Fuji’ Apples

Silver extraction from nitrate solutions with the disulfide of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid

In this paper, we present the data on silver extraction from nitrate solutions with the disulfide of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (L) in toluene. Based on the analysis of the extraction data and the IR and electronic absorption spectra of the extracts, it was concluded that silver extraction is due to the formation of the compound [(AgNO3)nL] in the organic phase, with n = 1–4. In the extracted complexes, the silver ion is chelated to the sulfur atoms, while the nitrate ion is in the outer sphere.A study of the effect of the solvent on the extraction of AgNO3 with the disulfide showed that solvent extraction efficiency decreases in the series chloroform > toluene > decane > octyl alcohol, which is due to the preferential solvation of the extracted complex by the solvent. A decrease in the extraction of silver when using octyl alcohol resulted from the predominant interaction of the alcohol with the extractant, rather than with the extracted compound.It was shown that the disulfide can be used to recover silver from nitric acid solutions containing metal impurities (Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe(III), and Na). The degree of silver recovery in one stage was 99.82%, while the separation factors of silver over the impurity metals (βAg/Me) ranged from 30,000 to 400,000 indicating a high selectivity of the extractant towards silver. Almost complete silver stripping from the loaded organic phase is achieved with a mixture of thiourea or ammonium rhodanide and sulfuric acid solutions.

Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Extraction with 2-octanol.

Zirconium and hafnium are shown to be separable using 2-octanol (C8H18O) as an extractant. Zirconium basic carbonate was dissolved using hydrochloric acids at concentrations ranging from 5 % to 20 %. Potassium fluoride was found to be crucial to the process. Its effect was investigated in the concentration range of 1 M to 3 M. The optimum conditions obtained for extraction were 10 wt % HCl in a 1.5 M KF solution, a contact time of 15 minutes, and 100 % 2-octanol. Under these conditions, the separation factor of zirconium and hafnium is 9.2 with a maximum extraction percentage of 96.58 % of zirconium. The optimum conditions for stripping of zirconium were found to be 3 M H2SO4 as stripping agent, an A/O ratio of 1:1 and 40 minutes contact time. The McCabe-Thiele diagrams constructed from the experimental data indicate that four and five equilibrium stages are sufficient for the extraction and stripping of zirconium respectively. A recovery of 97.25 % of hafnium was obtained using a mixture of oxalic acid and nitric acid as a stripping agent. A study of chemical speciation in the two phases would be important for the improvement of the process.

Comparative Study on Calorimetric Determination of Power Numbers in a Lab Scale Batch Reactor

Accurate measurement of power numbers on lab scale reactors can provide useful information about the needed energy to reduce mass transfer problems. Next, this knowledge can be used to avoid scale-up problems (Paul et al., 2004). In this study, the accuracy and applicability of four methods to determine the power number in a 1 L reactor are tested: calorimetry, torque measurement, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Furukawa et al. correlation (Furukawa et al., 2012). Experiments with water and 2-octanol are performed with a 4-bladed 45 ° pitched blade turbine (4PBT) and 6-bladed Rushton turbine in baffled and unbaffled conditions. At low rotational speed, experimental techniques record higher power numbers compared to the theoretical techniques. The calorimetric method is only accurate at rotational speeds above 300 RPM due to insufficient heat flow at lower settings. Torque measurement is most accurate at low rotational speed, before the vortex reaches the stirrer and creates cavities that lead to inaccurate results. At rotational speeds higher than 300 RPM, differences between the four techniques are less than 30 %, confirming the accuracy of all methods. Therefore, literature correlations can be used for a quick estimation of the power number in lab scale reactor experiments at high rotational speed. However, experimental techniques are recommended for accurate power number measurements at low rotational speed and for specific reactor set-ups which are not described in literature.

Biooxygenates Cross-coupling for Fuel Components Production

C-C bond formation is a pivotal method to construct complex molecules from some simple substrates, with the electrophilic alkylation of a given starting material being one of the most useful procedures. The straightforward routes to the creation of a variety of alcohols having intricate structures through alkylation of simple alcohols remain very unusual. Previously we found that during heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of ethanol with iso-propanol 2-pentanol formed with the yield equal to 35 wt.%. The general co-products were 1-butanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol that are valuable chemicals itself. Here we propose a heterogeneously catalytic route to convert such fermentation products as ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol and 1-butanol obtained from a variety of renewable carbohydrate sources into precursors for petrol, diesel and jet fuels. One of the work features is the use of heterometallic precursors, containing different pairs of metals closer to a distance less than the sum of their covalent radii, for supported catalysts creation.Introdu

Functiaonalization of 2-(1-Cyclohexen-1-yl)aniline Derivatives

The reaction of 2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)aniline and -6-methylaniline with phthalic anhydride has afforded 2-(2-cyclohex-1-en-1-ylphenyl)- and 2-(2-cyclohex-1-en-1-ylphenyl)-6-methylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones. The reaction of the obtained isoindole-1,3-diones with bromine in dichloromethane in the presence of sodium bicarbonate has led to the formation of the product of pseudo-allylic halogenation. Replacement of the halogen atom by methoxy group has been performed by keeping 2-[2-(6-bromocyclohex-1-en-1-ylphenyl)-6-methylphenyl)]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in a methanolic solution in the presence of NaHCO3. The reaction of 2-(2-cyclohex-1-en-1-yl-6-methylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione with molecular bromine in the presence of methanol has given a co-halogenation product, whereas the dibromination product has been obtained in the presence of octyl alcohol.

Separation of C3H8 and C3H6 from Butyl Alcohol–Octyl Alcohol Vent Gas Mixture via Hydrate Formation in the Presence of SDS and THF in Tap-Water System

We used a new hydrate separation method to recover C3H8 and C3H6 (C3) from a butyl alcohol–octyl alcohol vent gas (BVG) mixture. The formation conditions of the BVG hydrate, which are crucial for the separating and operating conditions of C3 recovery by hydrate formation, were measured by pressure search method at varied temperature. Then, the separation experiment was performed in a tap-water system at 274.15 K, and C3 was recovered via hydrate formation in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The influences of experimental pressure and temperature on separation results were investigated. The total concentration of C3 in the hydrated gas was 84.40 mol %, and the total recovery yield exceeded 80%. Therefore, the recovery of C3 components from the BVG mixture through hydrate formation at a low pressure is a feasible strategy.

Effect of polystyrene length for the extraction of Gd3+ and UO22+ ions using dicyclohexano crown ether (DCH18C6) with octanol and nitrobenzene: A molecular dynamics study

The role of polystyrene (PS) grafting to the dicyclohexano crown ether (DCHCE) in extracting the Gd3+ and UO22+ is evaluated for the first time using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The thermodynamic free-energy (ΔGBind) is calculated to understand the binding of Gadolinium (Gd3+) and Uranyl (UO22+) to the DCHCE in nitrobenzene (NB) and octanol (OCT) solvents. The results show that the binding free-energy is favorable for Gd3+ and UO22+ in NB, and unfavorable in OCT. In NB, the ΔGBind of Gd3+ and UO22+ increases by 2.3% and 3.1% respectively with an increase in the PS length from 0 to 3. On the contrary, in OCT, the ΔGBind of Gd3+ and UO22+ decreases by 2.4% and 3.4% with an increase in PS length of the grafted DCHCE. The transfer free-energy (ΔGTransfer) for both the ions viz., Gd3+ and UO22+, from the aqueous phase to an organic phase is also analyzed using NB and OCT as extractants. The ΔGTransfer for both ions shows encouraging extraction ability in NB while the extraction ability decreases using OCT as an extractant. The partition coefficient (log P) values show an increase with an increase in PS grafting length on the DCHCE using NB as an extractant, while an opposite behavior is observed in OCT. In particular, with increase in the PS length, for Gd3+ and UO22+, log P values in NB increase by 13% and 9.6% respectively; whereas log P values decrease by 27% and 10% in OCT. In the presence of acidic medium (3 M HNO3 solution) the ΔGTransfer values for both Gd3+ and UO22+ show ~6% and 9% increase with NB and OCT, respectively. The structural and thermodynamic solvation properties are in accordance with the observed ΔGBind, ΔGTransfer, and log P.

Effect of Chain Length Compatibility of Alcohols on Muscovite Flotation by Dodecyl Amine

A portion of dodecyl amine (DDA) in a muscovite flotation system was replaced with alcohols with different carbon-chain lengths. These alcohols included octanol (OCT); decanol (DEC); dodecanol (DOD); and tetradecanol (TER). The muscovite adsorption behavior of the mixed DDA and alcohol systems were investigated through zeta potential; contact angle; and adsorption quantity tests. Single-mineral flotation tests showed that the muscovite-collecting power of the mixed DDA/alcohol (OCT, DEC, or DOD) system was stronger than that of the pure DDA system. The muscovite-collecting power of the collector systems decreased in the following order: DDA/DEC > DDA/OCT > DDA/DEC > DDA > DDA/TER. Zeta potential and contact angle analysis indicated that when combined with DDA; alcohols physically adsorbed on the surfaces of muscovite. This behavior improved the hydrophobicity of muscovite. Furthermore, adsorption analysis revealed that synergy between DDA and alcohol enhanced the adsorption of alcohol on muscovite. DDA has a dominant role in synergistic adsorption; whereas alcohol has a supporting role. Among all tested alcohols; DDA and DOD exhibit the highest synergetic adsorption effect because of their similar carbon-chain lengths. This similarity promotes the formation of a compact adsorption layer on the muscovite surface.

Extraction of Gd3+ and UO22+ Ions Using Polystyrene Grafted Dibenzo Crown Ether (DB18C6) with Octanol and Nitrobenzene: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed in order to derive thermodynamic properties important to understand the extraction of gadolinium (Gd3+) and uranium dioxide (UO2) with dibenzo crown ether (DBCE) in nitrobenzene (NB) and octanol (OCT) solvents. The effect of polystyrene graft length, on DBCE, on the binding behavior of Gd3+ and UO22+ is investigated for the first time. Our simulation results demonstrate that the binding of Gd3+ and UO22+ onto the oxygens of crown ethers is favorable for polystyrene grafted crown ether in the organic solvents OCT and NB. The metal ion binding free energy (ΔGBinding) in different solvent environments is calculated using the thermodynamic integration (TI) method. ΔGBinding becomes more favorable in both solvents, NB and OCT, with an increase in the polystyrene monomer length. The metal ion transferability from an aqueous phase to an organic phase is estimated by calculating transfer free-energy calculations (ΔGTransfer). ΔGTransfer is significantly favorable for both Gd3+ and UO22+ for the transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic phase (i.e., NB and OCT) via ion-complexation to DBCE with an increase in polystyrene length. The partition coefficient (log P) values for Gd3+ and UO22+ show a 5-fold increase in separation capacity with polystyrene grafted DBCE. We corroborate the observed behavior by further analyzing the structural and dynamical properties of the ions in different phases.