Occurrence Of Low Birth Weight Research Articles

Admission Cardiotocography and Neonatal Outcomes at a Tertiary Health Facility in Southwestern Nigeria

Background: Admission cardiotocography (CTG), a noninvasive procedure, is used to indicate the state of oxygenation of the fetus on admission into the labor ward. Objective: This study assessed the association of admission CTG findings with neonatal outcome at a tertiary health facility. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study of 206 pregnant women who were admitted into the labor ward with singleton live pregnancies. Information on the demographic characteristics, obstetrics and medical history, admission CTG tracing, and neonatal outcome was obtained using a structured data collection form. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.0 with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The admission CTG findings were normal in 73.3%, suspicious in 13.6%, and pathological in 13.1% of the women. The occurrence of low birth weight, special care baby unit (SCBU) admission, asphyxiated neonates, neonatal death, and prolonged hospital admission was significantly more frequent among those with pathological admission CTG results compared with normal and suspicious results (P < 0.05). The incidence of vaginal delivery was more common when the CTG findings were normal, whereas all women with pathological CTG result had a cesarean delivery. Conclusion: Admission CTG was effective in identifying fetuses with a higher incidence of perinatal asphyxia. Neonatal outcome such as low birth weight, APGAR score, SCBU admission, and prolonged hospital admission was significantly associated with pathological CTG findings. In the absence of facilities for further investigations, prompt intervention for delivery should be ensured if admission CTG is pathological.

Study of Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in the Bounkiling Health District in 2020 (Senegal)

<i>Introduction</i>: Neonatal mortality is particularly high in developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. It accounts for a significant proportion of neonatal deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of low birth weight in the Bounkiling health district in 2020. <i>Methodology</i>: This was a retrospective case-control study of the various factors associated with low birth weight, based on women's delivery records from maternity units in the Bounkiling health district throughout 2020. Mothers' socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrical and medical history, and information on the health status of the newborn in the case group (weight less than 2,500 grams) were compared with those in the control group (weight greater than or equal to 2,500 grams). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Épi info 7 software to identify risk factors associated with LBW. <i>Results</i>: The study showed that low birth weight accounted for 97.05% of LBW, the sex ratio was 0.87 in favor of girls, the Apgar score at birth was not good (below 7) for 31.43% of newborns. Teenage mothers accounted for 17.08%. Women with no schooling accounted for 71.34%, and those living in households with a monthly income of less than 50,000 CFA francs per month were 63.71%. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for LBW (p < 0.05) were female sex of the newborn (AOR=1.59 with CI=1.07 - 2.35), Apgar score at birth (AOR=2.79 with CI=1.77 - 4.41), young maternal age under 19 (AOR=2.42 with CI=1.43- 4.12), household income under 50,000 CFA francs, (AOR=1.97 with CI=1.27-3.04), maternal history of low birth weight (AOR=3.62 with CI=2.02-6.50), physical labor during pregnancy (AOR=1.80 with CI=1.20 - 2.69). <i>Conclusion</i>: Improving neonatal health through a reduction in LBW will depend on intensifying the implementation of strategies focused on adolescent reproductive health, strengthening communication with adolescent girls and community leaders on the issue of early marriage and pregnancy, improving pregnancy monitoring at health facilities and raising the socio-economic level of women through their empowerment.

Low Birth Weight in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of the Commune I Reference Health Center in the District of Bamako

Low birth weight is an important public health indicator because of the strong association between birth weight and infant mortality and morbidity. The objectives were to determine the frequency of low birth weight, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics, to determine the risk factors associated with low birth weight and to determine the neonatal prognosis in the gynaecology and obstetrics department of the reference health center in Commune I of the Bamako district. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study in the department from 31 December 2020 to 30 June 2022. We carried out exhaustive sampling, taking into account all live newborns with a low birth weight. All newborns born in the department weighing between 500g and 2499g during the study period were included. Results: We recorded 4,292 births, 180 of which were low birth weight, giving an overall incidence rate of 4.2%. Of the 180 low birth weight babies, we found 111 cases of prematurity (61.7%) and 69 cases of hypotrophy (38.3%). We found that the proportion of low birth weight babies was higher in the young mothers in our study, at 60.5% for the under-19 age group. Our study showed that the extreme ages of the mother were a factor favouring or even predisposing to the occurrence of low birth weight. We noted a high frequency of primiparous women (38.7%) followed by multiparous women (32.5%). Other maternal risk factors included hypertension (8%) and a body mass index of less than 18.5% kg/m2 in 41.2% of cases. Half of the new borns (47.8%) weighed between [1501-2000g]. Among the transferred newborns, 53.3% received kangaroo mother care and 6.8% of the newborns died during the first thirty days of life. We recorded a mortality rate of 6.8%. Conclusion: Low birth weight is a public health problem because of its high prevalence and its harmful consequences, especially for infants.

THE CORRELATION BEETWEEN MOTHER'S NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND PARITY WITH THE INCIDENT OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) AT A PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER SURABAYA

Background: One of the highest causative factors of neonatal death in Indonesia is low birth weight (LBW), around 7,150 (35.3%) cases. Even though the trend of LBW incidents in East Java is decreasing, in the city of Surabaya itself the death rate due to LBW has increased from 31 deaths to 51 deaths. Simomulyo Public Health Center was ranked first with the highest incidence of LBW in Surabaya with 45 cases in 2019. Even though there was a decrease in cases in 2020, the death rate actually increased from 1 death to 4 deaths. WHO (2017) defines LBW as babies born weighing ≤ 2500 gr. Nutritional status and parity are two of the many risk factors for LBW. Knowing the causal relationship with the occurrence of LBW is important to do at the public Health Center as a first step in preventing LBW in the future. Method: This research is quantitative with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken using probability sampling techniques, namely random sampling. The total samples taken were 96 samples. Result: The results of the research was found that there was a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of LBW with a value of p=0.005 (p<0.05) and the relationship between parity and the incidence of LBW with a value of p=0.001 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: there is a correlation between nutritional status and parity and the incidence of LBW at the Simomulyo Public Health Center Surabaya.

The Relationship Economic Status With Events Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Babies in The Working Area Of Mangaran Health Center Situbondo District

A low birth weight baby (LBW) is defined as a baby weighing <2,500 grams and has a 20 times higher risk of dying at birth. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between economic status and LBW in the Mangaran Health Center Working Area, Situbondo Regency. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional strategy. The number of research samples was the same as the population, namely 32 respondents. The results showed that 26 people (81.2%) had a low economic level and 17 babies (53.1%) were the majority of LBW respondents. Based on the Chi Square test analyzed using SPSS, the relationship between economic status and the occurrence of LBW with an Asymp.Sig value of 0.004 <0.005. This indicates that there is a relationship between the incidence of LBW in the Mangaran Health Center Working Area and economic status. Healthy food, accurate nutritional advice, and good health services are often not available to low-income mothers. This leads to pregnant women not getting adequate care from conception to delivery which increases the risk of LBW.

Pregnancy Anemia its Relation to Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence

Anemia is one of the major nutritional issues in Indonesia and a prevalent problem among pregnant women worldwide, with a relatively high incidence rate. Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to anemia because the increased nutritional requirements during pregnancy are crucial for both maternal health and fetal growth. Pregnancy-related anemia is defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 11 (g/dL) in the blood of pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the relationship between anemia and the occurrence of Low Birth Weight (LBW). The research was conducted in the VK Room of Sugio Primary Health Care, Lamongan Regency, over a period of 2 months in August-September 2023. The research method used was a Retrospective Observational Study with a Cross-Sectional design. Based on the Chi-Square statistical test results, the p-value was 0.025 (p-value < 0.05). In conclusion, this study found a significant association between anemia during pregnancy and the incidence of LBW.

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS AT SEPASO HEALTH CENTER

Low birth weight (LBW) infants are a serious health issue in Indonesia. LBW is associated with high mortality rates, chronic diseases risks, and growth and developmental disorders in children. This study aims to provide an overview of LBW occurrence at Sepaso Health Center. This research employed a descriptive research design. According to Sumadi (2016), descriptive research aims to provide a description of a situation or event. A case study approach was used in this research design, where information was collected to understand a specific event or problem. The population of this study consisted of individuals with authority regarding the influence of LBW infants at Sepaso Health Center. Purposive sampling technique was utilized for sample selection. Based on the research conducted on 30 mothers with low birth weight (LBW) infants, the findings revealed that 60% of the mothers were at risk due to being below 20 years or above 35 years old, while 40% of the mothers were not at risk with ages between 20-35 years. Parity showed that 30% were nulliparous and 70% were multiparous. Maternal occupation indicated that 40% were employed and 60% were unemployed. Antenatal care (ANC) distribution showed that 40% had frequent ANC visits, while 60% had inadequate ANC visits. Maternal food consumption during pregnancy showed that 27% had good consumption, 67% had sufficient consumption, and 6% had inadequate consumption. These findings can serve as a basis for enhancing attention and care for low birth weight infants at the Sepaso Health Center. It is expected that this study can contribute to the efforts in improving the health of low birth weight infants in the region.

Relationship between Maternal Factors and Low Birth Weight (LBW) at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital

Background: In 2020, the number of Infant Mortality Rates reached 2.4 million people due to LBW (34.5%). LBW contributes 60 to 80% of all infant deaths. LBW is babies born weighing less than 2500 grams. LBW has problems if the baby does not die at the time of birth, it will have a risk of growing and developing slowly, stunting, affected by non-communicable diseases, anemia, and impaired heart function. Purpose: To determine the relationship between maternal factors and the incidence of LBW at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Methods: This research used a quantitative analytic survey with a case-control approach. This study used medical record data and maternal cohorts. The population in this study was 604 newborn babies at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital with a total sample of 142 respondents. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. This study employed the master table as a data collection method. The data analysis used is the chi-square test. Results: Based on the results of chi-square analysis, maternal parity (p-value = 0.228) with OR = 1.518, gestational age (0.000) OR = 15.200, multiple pregnancies (0.009) and OR = 10.161, and preeclampsia (0.164) and OR = 0.571. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between gestational age and multiple pregnancies with the incidence of LBW. Meanwhile, parity and preeclampsia do not have a significant relationship with the incidence of LBW. It is recommended for every pregnant woman to carry out routine check-ups during pregnancy to prevent the occurrence of LBW

Risk factors for the incidence of low-birth-weight babies in Indonesia: A literature review

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a critical issue in Indonesia, affecting 5-10% of newborns and contributing significantly to infant mortality. The primary risk factors include multiple pregnancies, maternal anemia, and insufficient maternal energy intake. The aim of this research is to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of low birth weight in Indonesia. The research method utilized is a literature review, which involves searching for research articles from the electronic database Google Scholar using keywords such as Low Birth Weight, causal factors, anemia, nutritional status, and maternal factors. From the research findings, it can be concluded that the occurrence of LBW is caused by risk factors such as anemia (3 articles), preeclampsia (3 articles), maternal age (3 articles), and chronic energy deficiency (1 article). Overall, understanding these factors is crucial for improving efforts to prevent LBW and enhancing the health of both mothers and infants during pregnancy.

Survei Demografi Kejadian BBLR di RSUD Pangeran Jaya Sumitra

Babies with Low Birth Weight is a health problem that contributes to infant mortality. Low birth weight babies are not only at risk of death in the early months of life, but also at risk for other health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the demographic survey of BBLR events. This research method was carried out with quantitative descriptiveness. The sample amounted to 28 BBLR events at Pangeran Jaya Sumitra Hospital from June to November 2022 analyzed univariately. The results of the univariate analysis are the highest maternal age in the range of 20-35 years (92.9%), the most maternal education at the secondary level (78.6%), the variable location of residence which almost entirely comes from Kotabaru Regency which is 96.4%, based on the area where the most lives are obtained from urban areas which is 57.1%, and the most parity variable at number 1 which is 39.3%. The implication of the study is that the results of demographic surveys about the incidence of low birth weight in hospitals can be used to screen the potential occurrence of low birth weight in mothers who are preparing for pregnancy or are pregnant.
 

Eight-Year Trends in the Effect of the Great East Japan Earthquake on Obstetrics Outcomes: A Study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey.

Information regarding the longitudinal effects of natural/environmental disasters on obstetrics outcomes is limited. This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal changes in obstetrics outcomes over 8 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima power plant accident. We used data from the first 8 years of the Pregnancy and Birth Survey by the Fukushima prefectural government, launched in 2011. We compared data on obstetrics outcomes by year and divided Fukushima Prefecture into six districts based on administrative districts. Longitudinal changes in the occurrence of preterm birth before 37 gestational weeks, low birth weight, and anomalies in newborns were accessed using the Mantel-Haenszel test for trends in all six districts. Overall, 57,537 participants were included. In 8 years, maternal age, conception rate after sterility treatment, and cesarean section delivery incidence increased. Although significant differences were observed in preterm birth and low birth weight occurrence among districts, there was no significant trend in the occurrence of preterm birth, low birth weight, and anomalies in newborns in all six districts of Fukushima Prefecture. The Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima power plant accident were associated with increased cesarean section delivery incidence but had no significant adverse effects on obstetrics outcomes.

LITERATURE REVIEW BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH

Indonesia is one of the developing countries with the highest maternal mortality and infant. The infant mortality cases in 2015 as many as 33,278 cases decreased compared to the year 2015 of 32,007 and in 2017 in the first semester as many as 10,294 cases. One of the causes is the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) of 38.85%. LBW is the birth weight less than 2,500 grams. The review of LBW is done by literature review from DOAJ, Pubmed, Scholar and Garuda portal. The literature search using several keywords is "Low Birth Weight ", "risk factors" with four literature publications from 2007-2017. LBW incidence is influenced from maternal demography status, maternal health status, condition of pregnancy and baby. The four journals DOAJ, Pubmed, Scholar and Garuda portal described risk factors of LBW occurrence include sociodemography (maternal age <18 years and> 34 years, education level, occupation type, family income, kin), maternal health status obstetric history, parity, birth spacing, anemia, history of diabetes, malaria, baby malpresentation history, Premature Rupture Of The Membrane, maternal nutritional status, infections, diseases and complications of pregnancy), status of ANC (frequency and quality of care, health worker, site of pregnancy examination, history of unchecked pregnancy, irregular ANC).

Obstetric Determinants of Birth Weight Status of Babies Born at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries. Globally, 15.5% of all births are born LBW and 95.6% of them are in developing countries. In Kenya, 8% of babies are born LBW and at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH), it is 11.1%. Despite several efforts such as antenatal care services put in place to improve the quality of maternal and child health, the rates of LBW are still high. LBW is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in infants. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess obstetric determinants of the birth weight status of babies born at JOOTRH, Kenya. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 131 babies plus their mothers from a total population of 538 deliveries during the study period. Systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire and record review checklist. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, specifically logistic regression. Result: The study results showed that the prevalence of LBW was 13.7%. LBW was strongly associated with a birth interval of < 24 months (AOR = 13.722), hypertension (AOR = 11.753), previous history of LBW (COR = 14.0), and gestation at birth (COR = 3.75). Gravidity, previous history of miscarriage and gestation at which antenatal visits started had no association with LBW. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW is 13.7%, higher than the national rate of 8% and statistically significant with a Z score of 2.398, p = 0.016. The birth interval of < 24 months, hypertension, previous history of LBW, and gestation at birth influenced the occurrence of LBW. Focused antenatal care to ensure early detection and management of high-risk pregnancies and educate pregnant mothers on the birth spacing of more than two years between two successive pregnancies to allow replenishment of nutrient stores is important in reducing LBW.

Literature Review: The Relationship Between The Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and The Incidence of LBW (Low Birth Weight) Infant

LBW is a condition in which babies are born with low and less than normal weight which affects the IMR caused by various factors that are still a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women with LBW with high IMR, as well as the factors that cause LBW and diseases that accompany LBW. The methodology used in this paper is a literature review in various relevant international and national journals as reference material for research activities using binding Google Scholar journals and articles for 2018-2022, and the keywords entered in the search are [Relationship of maternal nutritional status with low birth weight. in Indonesia] and access up to 10 journals according to the criteria. The result of this research is that the nutritional status of pregnant women is very influential on LBW. The cause of the occurrence of LBW from various factors, ranging from maternal, fetal, environmental, gestational age, and placental factors. It can be concluded that LBW is still a big problem today, especially in developing countries, and must be resolved immediately so that it does not continue to the next generation. So, pregnant women must maintain their diet and life so that their nutritional status is good and there is no risk of low birth weight during pregnancy.

RELATIONSHIP OF WEIGHT GAIN, ANEMIA AND AGE WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Background: The incidence of LBW is still an important health problem because it contributes to infant mortality. There are several factors that influence the occurrence of LBW there are weight gain, anemia and mother’s age during pregnancy. The incidence of LBW in east java province in 2018 was 6,4%, this figure was 0,2% higher than the national rate. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between maternal weight gain during pregnancy, anemia and mother’s age with low birth weight babies at RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. Method: This study used an observational analytic method with a case control approach. Sampling with consecutive sampling technique. Sampling used medical record data for mothers giving birth in the delivery room of RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya in 2018. The sample of this study were 45 mothers giving birth to babies with low birth weight (LBW)and 45 mothers giving birth to babies with normal birth weight (BBLN). Data analysis used the chi-square test. Result: The results of the chi-square test analysis with α 0,05 showed that anemia in the mother (p = 0.02) related with low birth weight. Meanwhile maternal weight gain during pregnancy (p = 0.06) and the mother’s age (p = 1) were not related to LBW. Conclusion: These research showed that there is corelation beetween anemia and Low Birth Weight and there is no related beetween maternal weight gain and mother’s age on Low Birth Weight.
 Keywords: LBW, maternal weight gain, anemia, mother’s age

The Relationship Between Trimester 3 Anemia Status and Chronic Energy Deficiency In Pregnant Women with Low Birth Weight Incidence

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a newborn whose birth weight is < 2500 grams. There are several factors that can influence the occurrence of LBW, among others, 3rd trimester anemia, chronic energy deficiency (CED), and those who experience 3rd trimester anemia and CED, and the characteristics of pregnant women.
 Objective This study aims to analyze the relationship between pregnant women with 3rd trimester anemia, CED and pregnant women with 3rd trimester anemia and KEK with the incidence of LBW.
 Methods This study uses a descriptive quantitative design. The sample of this research was taken by purposive sampling. Then in univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using Chi Square test and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression.
 Results In this study, it was found that there was a relationship between anemia in the 3rd trimester and the incidence of LBW with a p value of 0.000, there was a significant relationship between pregnant women who experienced CED and the incidence of LBW with a p value of 0.000. However, there is no relationship between pregnant women who experience third trimester anemia and CED simultaneously with the incidence of LBW. From the characteristics of pregnant women, there is a relationship between the age of pregnant women with the incidence of LBW with a p value of 0.043 and the gestational age with the incidence of LBW with a p value of 0.01
 Conclusion From this study, it was concluded that there are 4 factors that influence the occurrence of LBW, which are third trimester anemia, CED, maternal age and gestational age.
 
 Key words : Anemia, Chronic Energy Deficiency, low birth weight, Pregnant mother

The Effect of Health Education Using Video Media on Increasing Knowledge of Pregnant Women About Low Birth Weight (LBW) in the Penyinggahan Primary Health Center

Introduction: The proportion of LBW in Indonesia reaches 6.2%. The World Health Assembly (WHA) targets a reduction in the incidence of LBW in 2025 by 30%. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of providing health education using the video method on increasing knowledge of pregnant women about LBW in the working area of the Penyinggahan primary Health center. Methods: The design used in this study was a quasi-experimental study with a one-group pre and post-test design. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The population and sample in this study were pregnant women who had a pregnancy check (ANC) at the Penyinggahan primary Health centeras many as 38 respondents. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Results and Discussion: there is a significant difference between the level of knowledge about LBW before and after being given health education using video with the results of the analysis p-value of 0.000<0.05. Conclusion: There is an effect of health education on increasing knowledge of pregnant women about LBW. With the results of this study, it is hoped that it can be considered by the health center to take policies in terms of increasing knowledge using video tools so that it can increase mother's knowledge to prevent the occurrence of LBW

The Relationship of Various Risk Factors with LBW in South Tangerang City General Hospital for the Period March-October 2021

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a serious child health problem that requires global attention, especially in developing countries or with low economic status. Indonesia itself is in the ninth position of the country with the highest prevalence of LBW in the world. Therefore, it is important to examine various factors that can increase the risk of LBW, and it is hoped that it can prevent the occurrence of LBW, considering the complications that LBW can experience in both the short and long term.Objectives This study aims to determine the relationship between various risk factors and LBW in South Tangerang City General Hospital for the period March-October 2021.Methods This study is an analytical observational study using the cross-sectional method. Sources of data were obtained from medical records and books on Maternal and Child Health (KIA) of respondents, with the criteria of respondents being mothers with a history of giving birth to low birth weight (<2500 g), having an active cell phone number and recorded in the NICU registration at South Tangerang City General Hospital, and still having Maternal and Child Health (KIA) book.Results There was a significant relationship between risk factors for gestational age (p=0.046) and frequency of ANC visits (p=0.035) with low birth weight, but there was no significant relationship between risk factors for maternal age (p=0.193), maternal education (p=0.087), maternal occupation (p = 0.618), and family income (p = 0.320) with low birth weight in South Tangerang City General Hospital for the period March-October 2021.Conclusion Gestational age and frequency of ANC visits are statistically significant risk factors for LBW incidence in South Tangerang City. Maternal age, maternal education, mother's occupation, and family income are not statistically associated with low birth weight in South Tangerang City General Hospital

Low birth weight and its associated factors in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia

IntroductionLow birth weight is a global public health problem, with 15–20% of all births globally, described by weight at birth of less than 2500 g ensuing fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, poor cognitive growth, and an increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. The prevalence is critical in East Africa where about 11% have low birth weight out of 54% of neonates whose weight was measured at birth. There are many causes of low birth weight, including early induction of labor or cesarean birth, multiple pregnancies, infections, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Moreover, socioeconomic factors and unhealthy dietary habits could contribute to low birth weight in areas with poor intake of a diversified diet. This study has indicated the association between poor dietary diversity and low birth weight in the study area for the first time.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on eligible 423 pregnant women recruited from Gestational Age of less than 17 weeks until delivery where the birth outcomes were recorded in health institutions in randomly selected five Woredas in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia from June 2019 to December 2020. Questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-economic-demographic, dietary diversity scores, and food consumption scores.ResultsThe study found a prevalence of low birth weight of 9.6%, low dietary diversity score of 53.2%, low food consumption score of 19.7%, and preterm delivery of 9.1%. Ever attended school and a higher level of education (diploma and above) decreased the risk of low birth weight with an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of 0.149 (0.024, 0.973) P ≤ 0.042; 0.059 (0.007, 0.513) P ≤ 0.007; whereas low dietary diversity score group and low food consumption group increased the risk of low birth weight with AOR 2.425 (1.342, 6.192) P ≤ 0.011and 2.983 (1.956, 9.084) P ≤ 0.044 respectively.Conclusion and recommendationParticipants with no formal education, no diploma, and above (no college or university training/degree), low diversity score group, and low food consumption group had an increased risk of low birth weight. Therefore the use of a diversified diet, educating women to a higher educational level, and health education on the intake of a diversified food rich in multiple micronutrients are recommended as strategies that will ameliorate the occurrence of low birth weight.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian BBLR di RSKD IA Pertiwi Makassar Tahun 2022

Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams. LBW continues to be a significant public health issue globally and is associated with a range of short-term and long-term consequences. Overall, it is estimated that 15% to 20% of all births worldwide are low birth weight, representing more than 20 million births per year (WHO, 2014). The research aims to identify factors influencing the occurrence of LBW. This study adopts a simple observational design with a cross-sectional approach, a method that seeks to find factors related to independent variables (age, education, occupation, parity, pregnancy interval, gestational age) with the dependent variable of Low Birth Weight (LBW). The research findings at RSKD Mother and Child Pertiwi Makassar from 2022, reveal that, through the Chi-Square test, there are five variables that have no relationship with the occurrence of Low Birth Weight (LBW), namely age, education, occupation, parity, and pregnancy interval. There is only one variable, gestational age, that is associated with LBW. The study also highlights the characteristics of mothers delivering LBW babies at RSKD Mother and Child Pertiwi Makassar. Most of them are under the age of 20, accounting for 26 individuals (63.6%). The majority have basic education, with 26 individuals (50.0%), and the most common occupation is unemployed mothers, comprising 46 individuals (48.4%). Multiparous mothers are the highest in number, with 41 individuals (47.7%), and the majority have a pregnancy interval of less than 3 years, amounting to 28 individuals (54.8%). The gestational age is predominantly less than 37 weeks, with 31 individuals (100.0%). The study suggests the importance of recommending regular prenatal check-ups, a minimum of six times during pregnancy, for all normal or at-risk pregnant mothers.