Occurrence Of Brucellosis Research Articles

Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal

A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016 in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi -square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 365-371

Sero-diagnosis of brucellosis in Gharbiya governorate, Egypt

A total 1006 animals (300 cattle, 300 buffaloes, and 300 sheep and106 goats) were selected from private farms andsuspected to suffer from brucellosis from different localities in Gharbiya governorate, as well as 50 rats (31Rattus rattus&19 Rattus norvegicus) and 15 stray dogs were collected from the same localities associated with examined animals. Inaddition, 160 persons suffering from fever suspected to be brucellosis were collected (80 workers contact with examinedanimals and 40 from fever hospitals). Serological tests were carried out by using Rose Bengal plate (RBPT), BufferedAcidified plate test (BAPAT), Complement Fixation test (CFT), Tube Agglutination test (TAT) and 2- Mercapto-Ethanoltest (2-MET). The results showed that the percentage of positive reactors were 9%, 7.3%, 9.3% 8.5%, 8% and 0% usingRBPT in cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats, rats and dogs respectively. Meanwhile the percentage of positive reactors usingBAPAT was 9.6%, 8.3%, 10.7%, and 9.6% in cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats and by using CFT the percentage was9.3%, 8%, 10.3% and 10.3% in previously examined animals. Also the result of TAT was 8% in rats and 0.0% in dogs.The occurrence of brucellosis in sheep and goats was higher than cows and buffaloes. Finally, the results in humans were13.1%, 11.3% and 10% by using RBPT, TAT and 2MET respectively. The incidence of brucellosis was higher in males(14.9%) than females (3.8%) and higher in humans aged between 20-30 years

Serological and molecular investigation for brucellosis in swine in selected districts of Uganda

Brucellosis is a notifiable zoonotic disease affecting livestock, humans, and wildlife in Uganda. Pigs can be infected with human pathogenic Brucella suis biovars 1 and 3 and can be a significant source of brucellosis for humans. Uganda has a rapidly growing pig population, and the pork consumption per capita is the highest in East Africa. The objective of this work was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in Ugandan pigs. A cross-sectional serosurvey of pigs was conducted in three of the major pig-keeping districts in Uganda (Masaka (n = 381 samples), Mukono (n = 398), and Kamuli (n = 414)). In addition, pigs originating from these districts were sampled in the major pig abattoir in Kampala (n = 472). In total, 1665 serum samples were investigated by serological and molecular tests. Only three putative brucellosis-positive samples were detected serologically using indirect ELISA. These sera were found negative for Brucella antibodies by CFT; however, two had antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica as determined by SAT. Presence of antibodies against Yersiniae was confirmed by Y. enterocolitica antibody-specific ELISA. The two Yersiniae ELISA-positive samples were brucellosis negative using real-time PCR. We tested additional 142 sera from the 1665 samples with real-time PCR. All tested negative. Under this type of production system, we expect a maximum B. suis prevalence of less than 1 % at 95 % confidence level, and therefore, the risk of acquiring brucellosis from the pigs or their products is negligible. However, pigs may harbor the zoonotic Y. enterocolitica. This is the first study to investigate the occurrence of brucellosis in pigs in Uganda and the first study to report Y. enterocolitica antibodies in swine in Uganda.

Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) Based Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and around Chench, Gama Goffa, Southern Ethiopia

Across sectional study was conducted with objective to determine sero-prevalence bovine brucellosis occurrence from Dec 2009 to Feb 2010 at Chencha district of Gamo Gofa zone. Total of 384 serum samples were collected from cattle and tested for the presence of brucell antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Overall seroprevalence of 4 (1.04%) was recorded in the area. Among the risk factors Abortion and RFM (Retain Fetal membrane) were found significantly associated with sero-positivity (p<0.05). In conclusion the present work generally showed low sero prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area and brucellosis was clinically associated with abortion and retained fetal membrane.

Frequência de brucelose bovina em rebanhos leiteiros e em seres humanos na região central do estado do Maranhão, Brasil

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este estudo estimar a frequência da brucelose em bovinos e em ordenhadores na região central do Maranhão. Foram escolhidas, no período de maio a outubro de 2013, de forma aleatória, 35 propriedades cadastradas na Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Maranhão (AGED-MA) e analisados sorologicamente 525 bovinos com aptidão leiteira, hemossoros de 60 ordenhadores, além de ter sido aplicado questionário epidemiológico para investigar os fatores de risco associados à infecção. O protocolo de diagnóstico utilizado foi o teste de triagem com antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), e a confirmação dos reagentes ocorreu mediante os testes 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME) e polarização fluorescente (TPF). A frequência de animais sororreagentes foi de 26/525 (4,95%) no teste AAT e 17/525 (3,23%) e 13/525 (2,47%) nos testes de 2-ME e TPF, respectivamente. A frequência de rebanhos foco, com pelo menos um animal soropositivo, foi de 9/35 (25,71%) e 8/3 (22,85%), nessa ordem. Referente aos ordenhadores, 1/60 (1,66%) foi reagente nos testes confirmatórios de 2-ME, TPF e fixação de complemento. O fator de risco associado à ocorrência da brucelose, na análise multivariada, foi presença de ovinos (odds ratio - OR=6,66; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 1,26-35,03). O estudo demonstrou que a brucelose está disseminada no rebanho leiteiro investigado, indicando a necessidade de melhorias nas ações de controle e erradicação da brucelose na região estudada.

Serological survey of bovine brucellosis in Fulani nomadic cattle breeds (Bos indicus) of North-central Nigeria: Potential risk factors and zoonotic implications

A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in Fulani nomadic herds in the 3 agro-ecological zones of Niger State, North-central Nigeria between January and August 2013. A total of 672 cattle in 113 herds were screened for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and confirmed by Lateral flow Assay (LFA). Data on herd characteristics and zoonotic factors were collected using structured questionnaire administered on Fulani herd owners. Factors associated with Brucella infection were tested using Chi-square test and multivariable logistic model. The overall cattle-level seroprevalence was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.1–3.2) with highest in agro-zone C (3.2%). Herd-level seroprevalence was 9.7% (95% CI: 5.23–16.29) and highest in agro-zone C (13.5%). Sex and agro-ecological zones were significantly (P<0.006 and P<0.01, respectively) associated with Brucella abortus seropositivity. Herd composition, abortion in herd, exchange of bulls for mating, introduction of new cattle, and socio-cultural practices were significantly associated with brucellosis occurrence. Inhalation of droplets from milk of infected cows, and drinking raw milk were less likely [OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09–0.82 and OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08–0.99, respectively] not to predisposed to brucellosis in humans. Eating infected raw meat, and contact with infected placenta were more likely [OR 7.49; 95% CI: 2.06–28.32 and OR 5.74; 95% CI: 1.78–18.47, respectively] to be risks for the disease in humans. These results highlighted the important risk factors for bovine brucellosis in Fulani herds. Thus, brucellosis control programs which take these factors into consideration will be beneficial.

Human brucellosis: sero-prevalence and associated risk factors in agro-pastoral communities of Kiboga District, Central Uganda.

BackgroundBrucellosis remains a neglected zoonotic disease among agro-pastoral communities where unprocessed milk and milk products are consumed. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Kiboga district to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with human brucellosis in communities where livestock rearing in a common practice.MethodsA total of 235 participants were involved in the study. Blood samples from the participants were collected and screened for Brucella using Serum Agglutination Test and Rose Bengal Plate Test. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and human brucellosis related risk factors.ResultsHuman Brucella seroprevalence was at 17.0 % (n = 235). The prevalence was highest among males (20.5 %, n = 78) and the elderly - above 60 years (22.2 %, n = 18). Residence in rural areas (OR 3.16, 95 % CI: 1.16–8.56), consuming locally processed milk products (OR 2.54, 95 % CI: 1.12–5.78) and being single (OR 2.44, 95 % CI: 1.05–5.68), were associated with increased risk of brucellosis.DiscussionHuman brucellosis seroprevalence was high at 17 %, this was parallel with animal brucellosis prevalence that has been reported to range from 10.2 % to 25.7 % in cattle in the region. The participants were from communities known to habitually consume raw milk and milk products, know to process milk products using bare hands which are major risk factors for brucellosis in humans. This also explains why consumption of unpasteurized milk products was associated with the occurrence of brucellosis in study area. This strengthened the argument that humans get infected through consumption of contaminated animal products as reported in other earlier studies. Males and elderly being more affected because of traditional roles of these groups they play in livestock care and management. The single were also to be more associated to brucellosis, due to the fact that this group consume milk and milk products more as it is readily available in the informal markets as highly nutritious fast foods in this community as also observed in USA.ConclusionsBrucellosis is highly prevalent in Kiboga district, and therefore, an important public health problem. The transmission risk was aggravated by consumption of unpasteurized milk products, residing in rural settings and being single. There is a need to initiate screening, treat infected humans early, and educate the public about risk factors and appropriate preventive measures of brucellosis.

Spatial distribution of Brucella antibodies with reference to indigenous cattle populations among contrasting agro-ecological zones of Uganda

Indigenous cattle populations exhibit various degrees of agro-ecological fitness and provide desirable opportunities for investments to improve sustainable production for better rural small-scale farmers’ incomes globally. However, they could be a source of infection to their attendants and other susceptible livestock if their brucellosis status remains unknown. This study investigated the spatial distribution of Brucella antibodies among indigenous cattle populations in Uganda. Sera from a total of 925 indigenous cattle (410 Ankole Bos taurus indicus, 50 Nganda and 465 East African Shorthorn Zebu (EASZ) – B. indicus) obtained randomly from 209 herds spread throughout Uganda were sequentially analysed for Brucella antibodies using the indirect (I) and competitive (C) enzyme linked Immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA). Recent incidences of abortion within the previous 12 months and routine hygienic practices during parturition were explored for public health risks. Brucella antibodies occurred in approximately 8.64% (80/925) and 28.70% (95% CI: 22.52, 34.89) of the sampled individual cattle and herds, respectively. Findings have shown that Ankole and EASZ cattle had similar seroprevalences. Indigenous cattle from the different study agro-ecological zones (AEZs) exhibited varying seroprevalences ranging from approximately 1.78% (95% CI: 0, 5.29) to 19.67% (95% CI: 8.99, 30.35) in the Lake Victoria Crescent (LVC) and North Eastern Drylands (NED) respectively. Significantly higher odds for Brucella antibodies occurred in the NED (OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.34, 8.57, p=0.01) inhabited by EASZ cattle compared to the KP (reference category) AEZ. Recent incidences of abortions within the previous 12 months were significantly (p<0.001) associated with seropositive herds. These findings add critical evidence to existing information on the widespread occurrence of brucellosis among indigenous cattle populations in Uganda and could guide allocation of meagre resources for awareness creation. And deployment of control strategies including culling of older cattle and those which have aborted during advanced gestation, enforcement of hygiene practices and mass vaccination.

Brucellosis in nomadic pastoralists and their goats in two provinces of the eastern Algerian high plateaus.

A 31-months study was conducted to elucidate the prevalence of brucellosis in nomadic pastoralists and their goats in two provinces of the eastern Algerian high plateaus. Five hundred eight human and 4955 animal sera were screened with the Rose Bengal plate test and the complement fixation test for confirmation. Uterine fluids from aborting goats were subjected to microbiological analyses to determine the biovars responsible for abortions. The overall seroprevalence was 0.98% among animals and 15.84% among herds. A significant correlation was recorded between occurrence of brucellosis and herd size (r = 0.4046, P < 0.0001) as well as age (χ(2) = 5.809, P = 0.0159) and sex of animals (χ(2) = 20.09, P < 0.0001); 89.65% of human cases were related to positive herds and the infection rate was higher in men (7.6%) than in women (6%) and children (0.92%). Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was the only aetiology of brucellosis-associated abortion in goats of the studied region.

Designing an intersectional interventions model for brucellosis occurrence reduction in north-west of Iran

Designing an intersectional interventions model for brucellosis occurrence reduction in north-west of Iran

Prevalence of and factors associated with Brucella sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda.

Brucellosis is a key zoonosis of major public health, animal welfare and economic significance, and is endemic in livestock in Uganda. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to estimate the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and identify factors associated with sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Northern and Eastern Uganda, respectively. A total of 1007 sera and data on biologically plausible risk factors from 166 herds and their spatial locations, were collected from cattle reared in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda. The sera were analyzed using indirect ELISA and sero-positive reactors confirmed by competitive ELISA. Multivariable models were used to investigate for risk factors. The overall animal-level and herd-level sero-prevalence was 7.5% (76/1007, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.15–9.4%) and 27.1% (45/166, 95% CI: 20.9–34.3%), respectively. Herd-level sero-prevalence was significantly (P<0.001) higher in Soroti than Gulu. In Gulu town, sero-positivity increased with an increase in herd size (P=0.03) and age (P=0.002), and was higher in cattle brought in from western Uganda (P<0.0001). In Soroti town, introduction of new cattle into a herd was significantly (P=0.027) associated with herd sero-positivity. There was a geographically differential risk (clustering) of Brucella sero- positivity in herds in Soroti, while sero-positivity was homogeneously distributed in Gulu. The data highlight brucellosis occurrence and major risk factors for its transmission in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas.

Serological prevalence of brucellosis of cattle in selected dairy farms in Bangladesh

Abstract : This study was conducted to investigate the status of brucellosis in dairy cattle from five selected dairyfarms in the Mohammadpur Beribadh area of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2010to March 2011 in which a total of 334 serum samples from cattle in five herds were screened by the Rose-Bengalplate-agglutination test (RBPT) and the positives were confirmed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(I-ELISA). A structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information describing the animals. Overall,4.20% of the animals were RBPT positive, while subsequent confirmatory tests with I-ELISA revealed that the overallanimal-level prevalence derived from the samples was 1.20%. Additionally, the prevalence was relatively higher infemales than in males. A significant association was found between abortion, age of the animals, and the occurrenceof brucellosis (p < 0.05). Considering the overall low prevalence of brucellosis in the selected farms in the presentstudy, a brucellosis eradication program for dairy farms using a test-and-slaughter policy would be possible.Keywords : Bangladesh, brucellosis, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Rose-Bengal plate-agglutination test,seroprevalence

Human brucellosis in Maghreb: existence of a lineage related to socio-historical connections with Europe.

Despite control/eradication programs, brucellosis, major worldwide zoonosis due to the Brucella genus, is endemic in Northern Africa and remains a major public health problem in the Maghreb region (Algeria/Morocco/Tunisia). Brucella melitensis biovar 3 is mostly involved in human infections and infects mainly small ruminants. Human and animal brucellosis occurrence in the Maghreb seems still underestimated and its epidemiological situation remains hazy. This study summarizes official data, regarding Brucella melitensis infections in Algeria, from 1989 to 2012, with the purpose to provide appropriate insights concerning the epidemiological situation of human and small ruminant brucellosis in Maghreb. Algeria and Europe are closely linked for historical and economical reasons. These historical connections raise the question of their possible impact on the genetic variability of Brucella strains circulating in the Maghreb. Other purpose of this study was to assess the genetic diversity among Maghreb B. melitensis biovar 3 strains, and to investigate their possible epidemiological relationship with European strains, especially with French strains. A total of 90 B. melitensis biovar 3 Maghreb strains isolated over a 25 year-period (1989–2014), mainly from humans, were analysed by MLVA-16. The obtained results were compared with genotypes of European B. melitensis biovar 3 strains. Molecular assays showed that Algerian strains were mainly distributed into two distinct clusters, one Algerian cluster related to European sub-cluster. These results led to suggest the existence of a lineage resulting from socio-historical connections between Algeria and Europe that might have evolved distinctly from the Maghreb autochthonous group. This study provides insights regarding the epidemiological situation of human brucellosis in the Maghreb and is the first molecular investigation regarding B. melitensis biovar 3 strains circulating in the Maghreb.

English

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2013 to April, 2014 in pastoral areas of Oromia and Somali regional states to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants and assess associated risk factors. The multistage sampling technique was used on total population in the selected district during the study period. A total of 420 serum samples were collected from 129 sheep and 291 goats in extensive management system, with no previous vaccination history. Of 420 sera examined, 36 (8.5%) were positive to Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). The sera screened positive by RBPT were retested using complement fixation test (CFT) and among 36 sera sample tested, 15 (3.6%) were positive for brucella antibodies. The prevalence of brucellosis among sheep and goats was found to be 2 (0.48%) and 13 (3.09%), respectively. The results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference in seroprevalence to Brucella antibodies and species, sex and age of the animals examined (p > 0.05). The occurrence of brucellosis among small ruminants in selected districts could pose productivity and reproductive problem in addition to public health risk. Thus, implementing control measures and raising public awareness on prevention methods of brucellosis should be suggested. Key words: Brucellosis, complement fixation test, Ethiopia, Rose Bengal plate test, pastoral areas, small ruminant.

A case-control study of risk factors for bovine brucellosis seropositivity in Peninsular Malaysia.

Bovine brucellosis was first reported in Peninsular Malaysia in 1950. A subsequent survey conducted in the country revealed that the disease was widespread. Current knowledge on the potential risk factors for brucellosis occurrence on cattle farms in Malaysia is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study to identify the potential herd-level risk factors for bovine brucellosis occurrence in four states in the country, namely Kelantan, Pahang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. Thirty-five cases and 36 controls of herds were selected where data on farm management, biosecurity, medical history and public health were collected. Multivariable logistic regression identified that Brucella seropositive herds were more likely to; have some interaction with wildlife (OR 8.9, 95% CI = 1.59–50.05); originated from farms where multiple species such as buffalo/others (OR 41.8, 95% CI = 3.94–443.19) and goat/sheep (OR 8.9, 95%Cl = 1.10–71.83) were reared, practice extensive production system (OR 13.6, 95% CI 1.31–140.24) and have had episodes of abortion in the past (OR 51.8, 95% CI = 4.54–590.90) when compared to seronegative herds. Considering the lack of information on the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in peninsular Malaysia and absence of information on preventing the inception or spread of the disease, this report could contribute to the on-going area-wise national brucellosis eradication program.

Prevalence and risk factor's analysis of bovine brucellosis in peri-urban areas under intensive system of production in Gujarat, India

Aim: brucellosis in dairy herds of peri-urban areas. Five randomly selected peri-uban areas of six cities of Gujarat were included in the present study. Five randomly selected dairy herds under intensive system of production from each selected peri-urban area were included for further investigation. In total, 199 bulk and 582 individual milk samples were screened by milk-ELISA. Forty three different risk factors were identified and grouped into four major categories as general characteristics of farms, introduction of infection to farms, management systems of farms and exposure of disease. Further, their distribution and association with prevalence of bovine brucellosis was studied. The overall herd and animal prevalence in peri-urban areas was 33.70 and 11.90%, respectively. Out of 11 risk factors on general characteristics of dairy farms, only five (herd size, type of animals, type of breed, age of owner and knowledge gained by owners) showed significant (p<0.05) association with occurrence of bovine brucellosis. None of risk factors on introduction of infection to farms (n=6) and management systems of farms (n=11) was found significantly associated with occurrence of brucellosis. Among risk factors on exposure of disease (n=15), history of abortion, retention of placenta, still birth and metritis/endometritis showed significant (p<0.05) association with prevalence of bovine brucellosis. It was concluded that prevalence of bovine brucellosis in dairy herds under intensive system of production in peri-urban areas of Gujarat was comparatively higher than reported overall prevalence of brucellosis. Risk factors like larger herd in close confinement without adequate sheds, type of animal, type of breed and knowledge/awareness of dairyman, unrestricted animal market, replacement without prior testing, reproductive disorders with absence of their testing are the important risk factors under the intensive production system of peri-urban areas of Gujarat, India.

PREVALÊNCIA DE ANTICORPOS ANTI-B. ovis E ANTI-B. abortus EM OVINOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE COLINAS, TOCANTINS, BRASIL

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, responsible for reproductive disorders in animals, especially ruminants. This study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies against Brucella ovis and Brucella abortus in sheep of 14 registered properties of the Sheep Breeders Association in the city of Colinas, Tocantins, Brazil. Four hundred and fifty serum samples from ovines were collected, analyzed by rapid plate agglutination with acidified buffered antigen and when positive, were analyzed by the technique of slow agglutination in tubes (SAT) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), to search for smooth strains (Brucella abortus). The search for rough strains (Brucella ovis) was performed with agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and the samples that reacted were further tested by the complement fixation test (CFT). From the analyzed samples, 31.6% reacted in the AGID test. Among these, only 2.8% were confirmed positive by CFT. In the sera analyzed by rapid plate agglutination with acidified buffered antigen, 4.4% were positive, among them, 70% were confirmed positive by the 2-ME test. The results obtained in CFT and SAT/2-ME, when analyzed by the Fisher’s exact test and OR, showed statistical significance between positivity and age, showing that there was a greater chance of occurrence of brucellosis in a breeding animal.

Serological investigation of bovine brucellosis in three cattle production systems in Yewa Division, south-western Nigeria

Limited data are available on the risk factors responsible for the occurrence of brucellosis amongst different cattle production systems in Nigeria despite its significant impact on livestock production. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in three cattle production systems in Yewa Division of Ogun State, south-western Nigeria. A total of 279 blood samples (sedentary = 88; transhumance = 64; trade = 127) were examined for antibodies to Brucella sp. using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Overall, 24 (8.6%) and 16 (5.7%) of the animals tested seropositive for Brucella using RBT and cELISA, respectively. The herd seroprevalences based on RBT and cELISA were 31.6% and 15.8%, respectively. The results using cELISA reveal higher seroprevalence in the trade cattle (7.9%; confidence intervals [CI] = 3.2% - 12.6%) and those in a sedentary system (5.7%; CI = 0.9% - 10.5%) than in cattle kept under a transhumant management system (1.6%; CI = 1.5% - 4.7%). Age (> 3 years; p = 0.043) and breed (Djali; p = 0.038) were statistically significant for seropositivity to brucellosis based on cELISA, but sex (female, p = 0.234), production system (trade and sedentary; p = 0.208) or herd size (> 120; p = 0.359) was not. Since breeding stock is mostly sourced from trade and sedentary cattle, it is important that routine serological screening should be conducted before introducing any animal into an existing herd.

English

We reviewed the distribution of brucellosis in different regions of Ethiopia and its prevalence among different livestock hosts. In the absence of recent published documents, unpublished studies were cited to provide some information on distribution and importance of brucellosis in Ethiopia. Risk factors for the occurrence of brucellosis are also reviewed. Finally, different strategies for the control and prevention of brucellosis under Ethiopian conditions are discussed. Key words: Brucellosis, control, distribution, Ethiopia host, risk factors, prevention.

Detecção molecular de Brucella canis em cães do Município de Cuiabá, Estado de Mato Grosso

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência da brucelose causada por Brucella canis em cães no município de Cuiabá, MT, e os possíveis fatores de risco associados durante o período de 2007 a 2008. Foram analisadas 327 amostras baseadas numa amostragem aleatória simples, abrangendo os quatro distritos do município. A ocorrência da B. canis foi de 24,1% (I.C. 95%: 19,7 - 29,0%). A análise estatística dos sinais clínicos demonstrou associação de conjuntivite e ceratite com a positividade por B. canis, com um valor de odds ratio de 4,72 (I.C.95%=1,30-17,76) e Exato de Fisher de 0,0103; e 16,69 (I.C.95%=1,86-385,55) e Exato de Fisher de 0,0036, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstraram a ocorrência da B. canis no município de Cuiabá e sugerem novas pesquisas e monitoramento, além de propor, como diagnóstico molecular para B. canis, a técnica de PCR.