Occupational Ideology Research Articles

Do Algorithms Do It Better? Analysing Occupational Ideology in the Age of Computational Journalism

ABSTRACT Journalism is increasingly discussed through the lens of a quantitative and material turn associated with data and computational journalism, implying that important aspects of news production are mediated by technological actants. The implications of these developments may be understood as part of journalism’s reconfiguration, calling for continuous monitoring and reconsideration of what journalism is, how it is done, and why. Using the framework of occupational ideology and drawing on qualitative research, this study offers empirical knowledge on the changing constituents of occupational ideology in reference to evaluating a Computational News Discovery tool. The findings add new insights to an emerging trend suggesting that journalists compromise their civic duties in the name of traffic-building and algorithmic judgment. While the results speak to the idiosyncrasy of the case study, they add nuance to the increasing marketisation and technologisation of news production by acknowledging their intensity and the subsequent formalisation of “good performance” over professional judgement. We also find that for newcomers, performance and productivity are becoming “organic elements” of their occupational ideology, while older journalists succumb to organisational pressures. Overall, assigned possibilities of computational tools, although quite detached from the reality of the technology, tend to influence fundamental values and norms of journalism.

Sexual Assault as a Colonial Ideology to Annihilate the Iraqi National Identity in Rasha Fadhil's Ishtar in Baghdad

Regardless of the outcome of events consequently, a person's identity throughout conflicts and wars has a lasting effect on the psyche of a nation, leaving a legacy of trauma, suffering, and sorrow. A nation's psychological and symbolic components, such as the identity of those impacted, their process of healing, and their sympathy for the deceased, are also affected by these wounds, in addition to its physical assets, such as its buildings, artefacts, and natural landscapes. Rasha Fadhil in her dramatic text Ishtar in Baghdad employed the Iraqi mythology to highlight the importance of Iraq's historical culture to its national identity. This study investigates the role of the Iraqi mythology in exposing US forces practices to erasure Iraq cultural history. Moreover, the study examines the sexual assault as a US forces ideology to annihilate Iraq's national identity through the lens of the cultural genocide. The study aims to contribute a deeper understanding of the annihilation of national identity via sexual assault due to occupation ideology.

Application effect study of a combination of TeamSTEPPS with modularization teaching in the context of clinical instruction in trauma care

To explore the effect of a combination of Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) with modularization teaching in the context of clinical instruction in trauma care. A total of 244 nursing students who participated in clinical practice in orthopaedic wards from March 2020 to April 2022 were divided into two groups that received the same trauma care teaching content. The control group (n = 119) used the traditional teaching approach, and the experimental group (n = 125) utilized a combination of TeamSTEPPS with a modularization teaching model. A questionnaire was used to assess students’ theoretical knowledge, practical skills, self-concepts and professional benefits after one month with the goal of determining their end-of-course performance. The theoretical knowledge scores obtained by the control group and the experimental group were 89.56 ± 4.06 and 91.62 ± 2.84, respectively, and these results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Students preferred the combination of TeamSTEPPS with the modularization teaching model to the traditional instructional method in terms of practical skills, professional self-concepts and professional benefits (P < 0.05). The application of the combination of TeamSTEPPS with modularization teaching in the context of clinical instruction in trauma care made significant contributions to nursing students’ mastery of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, enhanced their sense level of professional identity, instilled a correct occupational ideology in such students, and enhanced the professional benefits they were able to obtain.

The mechanism of dirty worker occupational stigma and its coping strategies

<p id=C6>“Dirty work” refers to occupational activities that are physically disgusting, that symbolize degradation, that wound the individual’s dignity, or that run counter to the more heroic of our moral conceptions. Firstly, the definition of dirty work is defined from the perspective of objective work characteristics, subjective cognition and contingency, and individual stigma, occupational stigma and organizational stigma are differentiated from the three dimensions of generation, management and dissemination. Secondly, a process model of perceived threat of occupational stigma was constructed based on cognitive evaluation theory, including :(1) antecedents and characteristics of occupational stigma. Antecedents of occupational stigma can be divided into macro factors (laws/regulations/social policies and socio-cultural environment), medium factors (media) and micro factors (public, dirty workers and dirty characteristics of work). The characteristics of occupational stigma are concealability, controllability, centrality and Disruptiveness. (2) Strategies for managing occupational stigma. According to the object and level of change, management strategies can be divided into four categories: individual/behavioral strategy, individual/cognitive strategy, collective/behavioral strategy and collective/cognitive strategy. Individual/behavioral strategies, including personal mobility, information management and confronting or countering outsiders perceptions of taint and outsiders behaviours, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to avoid damage to their own image by keeping a distance from negative occupational groups and distracting the attention of the audience, or to change others negative evaluation of dirty work by taking active actions. Individual/cognitive strategies, including individualized strategies, acceptance, and emotional labor, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to reduce the negative impact of occupational stigma by reconstructing their individual cognition. Collective/behavioral strategies, including social competition and realistic competition, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to improve their professional status and protect their self-esteem from threats associated with occupational stigma through inter-group competition. Collective/cognitive strategies, including occupational ideologies and social weighting, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to improve their job evaluations by challenging the validity of occupational stigma.; (3) The impact of occupational stigma on dirty workers. The results can be divided into three categories: based on mental health, attitudes and behaviors at work, and relationship outcomes. The effects on mental health are reflected in the stress and negative emotions experienced by dirty workers. The influence on work attitude and behavior is manifested in low job satisfaction, low job meaning perception, high relative deprivation, high dimission behavior, counterproductive work behavior, job burnout and low task performance. The influence on interpersonal relationship is reflected in the perception of social isolation, disrespect and discrimination of dirty workers in interpersonal communication. Potential future research directions are proposed: (1) To explore the sources of occupational stigma from a dynamic perspective; (2) To explore the path and effect of occupational stigma management based on individual and situational factors; (2)To consider diverse cultural backgrounds.

Antisocial punishment in the game

<p id="p00010">“Dirty work” refers to occupational activities that are physically disgusting, that symbolize degradation, that wound the individual’s dignity, or that run counter to the more heroic of our moral conceptions. Firstly, the definition of dirty work is defined from the perspective of objective work characteristics, subjective cognition and contingency, and individual stigma, occupational stigma and organizational stigma are differentiated from the three dimensions of generation, management and dissemination. Secondly, a process model of perceived threat of occupational stigma was constructed based on cognitive evaluation theory, including :(1) antecedents and characteristics of occupational stigma. Antecedents of occupational stigma can be divided into macro factors (laws/regulations/social policies and socio-cultural environment), medium factors (media) and micro factors (public, dirty workers and dirty characteristics of work). The characteristics of occupational stigma are concealability, controllability, centrality and Disruptiveness. (2) Strategies for managing occupational stigma. According to the object and level of change, management strategies can be divided into four categories: individual/behavioral strategy, individual/cognitive strategy, collective/behavioral strategy and collective/cognitive strategy. Individual/behavioral strategies, including personal mobility, information management and confronting or countering outsiders' perceptions of taint and outsiders' behaviours, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to avoid damage to their own image by keeping a distance from negative occupational groups and distracting the attention of the audience, or to change others' negative evaluation of dirty work by taking active actions. Individual/cognitive strategies, including individualized strategies, acceptance, and emotional labor, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to reduce the negative impact of occupational stigma by reconstructing their individual cognition. Collective/behavioral strategies, including social competition and realistic competition, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to improve their professional status and protect their self-esteem from threats associated with occupational stigma through inter-group competition. Collective/cognitive strategies, including occupational ideologies and social weighting, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to improve their job evaluations by challenging the validity of occupational stigma.; (3) The impact of occupational stigma on dirty workers. The results can be divided into three categories: based on mental health, attitudes and behaviors at work, and relationship outcomes. The effects on mental health are reflected in the stress and negative emotions experienced by dirty workers. The influence on work attitude and behavior is manifested in low job satisfaction, low job meaning perception, high relative deprivation, high dimission behavior, counterproductive work behavior, job burnout and low task performance. The influence on interpersonal relationship is reflected in the perception of social isolation, disrespect and discrimination of dirty workers in interpersonal communication. Potential future research directions are proposed: (1) To explore the sources of occupational stigma from a dynamic perspective; (2) To explore the path and effect of occupational stigma management based on individual and situational factors; (2)To consider diverse cultural backgrounds.

Unpacking How Employees Navigate Unfulfilled, Unreasonable, and Unexpected Occupational Ideals

Occupations have become stabilizing fixtures of modern-day employment, providing employees with a set of established cultural tools, norms, values, and beliefs that offer meaning to employees and guide their workplace interpretations and action. Yet, as employees perform their occupations “on the ground”, they frequently encounter situations that challenge these occupational meaning systems. This symposium showcases four papers that develop novel theory about how individuals respond to incongruities between situational demands, environmental constraints, and audiences’ expectations, on the one hand, and occupational norms, values, and beliefs, on the other hand. More specifically, we examine (1) how workers counter harmful occupational cultures, (2) how women in male-dominated occupations transcend their status as female “tokens”; (3) how employees respond to labels (e.g., “hero”) cast upon their occupation by external audiences; and (4) how employees manage frequent exposure to tasks that conflict with their occupational ideologies extolling the nature and necessity of the work. Taken together, our papers and discussion endeavor to contribute to and generate future research on contemporary occupational dynamics, as well as deliver actionable insights for managers. Meaning Detachment and Deviation from Invincibility Cultural Scripts among Stunt Performers Presenter: Winnie Jiang; INSEAD Presenter: Karim Ginena; U. of Virginia Darden School of Business Transcending Tokenism: How Women in Male-Dominated Occupations Can Challenge Gendered Work Norms Presenter: Julia DiBenigno; Yale School of Management Heroes from Above and from Below: Workers’ Reactions to the Moralizing of their Work Presenter: Lindsey Cameron; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania Presenter: Michel Anteby; Boston U. Questrom School of Business The Music Between the Notes: How Employees Manage Unforeseen Work Realities Presenter: Pascale Fricke; U. of British Columbia Presenter: Natalya Alonso; Haskayne School of Business, U. of Calgary Presenter: Patrick Reilly; U. of British Columbia

Redefinisanje uloge novinara u novom medijskom okruženju ideologija novinarstva, polarizacija medija i socioekonomski položaj novinara

Although it looks like a mainly peacetime, journalism seems to be on the front lines of a war, struggling to survive in the new communication environment. Journalists work in a strongly polarized political and media scene, which obscures the basic principles of the profession. While losing its ideological concept, the profession is on a socio-economic seesaw: for journalists it is precarious profession, and for editors and top menagement it strives to be an elite comfort zone. There are frequent calls on journalists to get out of the grip of media conglomerates and start doing business as entrepreneurs, although such an attitude often seems utopian. The aim of the paper is to critically analyse the role of the journalist in the new environment. The author will try to define how the role of the journalists has been redefined in the new media, social and political environment, trying to determine how these changes have affected the basic principles of the journalist's profession. The article is based on conceptual analysis of the role of journalists and principles of journalism, following these three issues/segments: in the first part, the paper will discuss on the role of the journalist through the concept of a new social stratification; in the following segment, the author will try to analyze new shape of journalism through the business model of entrepreneur journalism. In the last part, the analysis will be based on the discussion of the conceptual framework of the occupational ideology of journalism, from watchdog to opiniondog role.

Work-life balance policies in high performance organisations: A comparative interview study with millennials in Dutch consultancies

The literature on work-life balance primarily focuses on how individuals cope with high work demands. This study, however, investigates how young professionals experience the work-life balance support offered by organisations. Twenty-four millennial consultants were interviewed to explore their perceptions of work-life balance and organisational support policies in an extreme work context. Twelve consultants worked for strategy houses with an average working week of around 60 hours, while the other 12 worked for general management consultancies with average working weeks of roughly 50 hours. Our comparative findings suggest that overall work-life balance perceptions stay positive in both settings. In strategy houses, where work pressures are highest, reported policies and practices go beyond health programmes, training and coaching, which are the most common work-life balance measures. Strategy houses monitor their consultants’ work-life balance experience weekly, provide options to outsource components of the work, and offer multiple forms of compensation. These further policies are much appreciated. Despite these positive assessments, we also observe an increase of negative work-life balance experiences due to the higher work pressures at strategy houses. There is, therefore, some ambiguity in the work-life balance perceptions of consultants, who recalibrate what are ‘normal’ work demands and reframe and refocus on the bright side of work life. Such occupational ideologies indicate a ‘dirty work’ experience.

It’s Dirty Work but Someone Has To Do It: An Examination of Correctional Officer Taint Management Techniques

Since the 1950s scholars have applied the term dirty work to occupations that society views as demoralizing or disgusting. Occupations are labeled as dirty when they require work which is physically, socially and/or morally tainted. Correctional officers experience pervasive levels of all three types of taint while working in a low prestige occupation. This article relies on ethnographic data to examine how occupational stigma management techniques are taught to new officers and what techniques are most prominent. The findings indicate that new officers are taught occupational ideologies regarding stigma management primarily through sense-making and storytelling. We find that officers manage stigma primarily through reframing their work.

合资企业员工职业意识形态探索与引导

合资企业员工职业意识形态探索与引导

Exploring the boundaries of journalism: Instagram micro-bloggers in the twilight zone of lifestyle journalism

The arrival of new actors in the journalistic field increasingly necessitates new conceptual approaches to better understand journalistic work in the digital age. Social network sites have played an important role in these processes, with the rapid emergence of non-traditional actors engaging in activities that may be classified as journalism. Yet, while scholarship on Twitter and Facebook has continually expanded, the visual platform Instagram has received comparatively little attention, despite being an important venue for new forms, particularly in lifestyle journalism. Through an examination of professional lifestyle Instagrammers’ discursive constructions of journalistic boundaries and their role perceptions, this article suggests that in their key values and functional understanding their approach resembles traditional journalistic occupational ideologies, and their role perceptions are very similar to those of lifestyle journalists. The findings contribute to our understanding of transformative processes in journalism more broadly, and their implications for journalistic values, ideals, and practices.

A survey on client-centered practice among danish occupational therapists

Background: In Denmark, the cost of healthcare services comprise 12% of the gross domestic product. A recommended method for optimizing effectiveness of and enhance client satisfaction with healthcare is client-centred practice (CCP), a central component of occupational therapy ideology. However, Danish occupational therapists’ perceptions of CCP, including the facilitators and barriers that may contribute to CCP, have never been examined.Aim: To examine Danish occupational therapists’ perceptions of CCP.Methods: A survey was conducted using an electronic questionnaire in a small, but representative sample of Danish occupational therapists from all regions and practices.Results: Three hundred and forty-six occupational therapists (5%) responded. Of these, 98% rated CCP as important, 97% considered their work client-centred, and 92% were satisfied with their level of CCP. Having time to conduct self-directed work, using assessments to identify clients’ priorities, and CCP education, but not fixed regimes, were positively correlated with CCP.Conclusion: Danish occupational therapists perceive to practice CCP and appear to have adopted the beliefs, theory and ideals of CCP, perhaps influenced by the egalitarian Danish culture. Self-directed work, means to identify and evaluate their clients’ wishes, and education facilitated CCP. Possible absence of occupational therapists not compliant with CCP makes further research warranted.

The Rocky Road towards Professional Autonomy: The Estonian Journalists’ Organization in the Political Turmoil of the 20th Century

This article attempts to explain the relationships between journalists, politics and the state from the perspective of collective autonomy, that of the professional organization of journalists. The case of Estonian Journalists’ Union demonstrates the complexity and historical contingency of professional autonomy of journalism. The development of the Estonian journalists’ organization occurred as a sequence of transformations from the Estonian Journalists’ Association to the Estonian Journalists’ Union to the Soviet type journalists’ union, and lastly to an independent trade union. This sequence was disrupted by several fatal breakdowns that changed not only the character of the association, but also professional values, the whole occupational ideology and the conditions of the existence of journalism as a profession in Estonia.

How do we understand worker silence despite poor conditions – as the actress said to the woman bishop

This article considers the customary choice of silence over voice of two groups of UK workers – women clergy and women actors – who routinely tolerate poor quality conditions rather than express dissatisfaction. We argue that a key mediating factor is an expanded version of Hirschman’s (1970) concept of loyalty. The article considers how occupational ideologies facilitate loyalty as adaptation to disadvantage in ways that discourage voice, in framing silence as positive. Consequently, we also identify this type of loyalty as potentially salient in understanding silence in other occupations. A descriptive model comparing strength of occupational ideology and voicing of dissatisfaction is outlined, and through discussion of findings the article offers conceptual refinements of loyalty in accounting for worker silence.

Beyond journalism: Theorizing the transformation of journalism.

Journalism has enjoyed a rich and relatively stable history of professionalization. Scholars coming from a variety of disciplines have theorized this history, forming a consistent body of knowledge codified in national and international handbooks and canonical readers. However, recent work and analysis suggest that the supposed core of journalism and the assumed consistency of the inner workings of news organizations are problematic starting points for journalism studies. In this article, we challenge the consensual (self-)presentation of journalism – in terms of its occupational ideology, its professional culture, and its sedimentation in routines and organizational structures (cf. the newsroom) in the context of its reconfiguration as a post-industrial, entrepreneurial, and atypical way of working and of being at work. We outline a way beyond individualist or institutional approaches to do justice to the current complex transformation of the profession. We propose a framework to bring together these approaches in a dialectic attempt to move through and beyond journalism as it has traditionally been conceptualized and practiced, allowing for a broader definition and understanding of the myriad of practices that make up journalism.

Work–life management in legal prostitution: Stigma and lockdown in Nevada’s brothels

Across occupations, people contend with the difficult task of managing time between their work and other aspects of life. Previous research on stigmatized industries has suggested that so-called ‘dirty workers’ experience extreme identity segmentation between these two realms because they tend to cope with their occupational stigma by placing distance between their work and personal lives. Through a qualitative study of Nevada’s legal brothel industry, this article focuses on the prevalence of boundary segmentation as a dominant work–life management practice for dirty workers. Our analysis suggests that work–life boundaries are disciplined by legal mythologies and ambiguities surrounding worker restrictions, occupational ideologies of ‘work now, life later,’ and perceived and experienced effects of community-based stigma. These legal, occupational and community constructs ultimately privilege organizations’ and external communities’ interests, while individual dirty workers carry the weight of stigma.

Travel Journalists and Professional Identity

Online resources are increasingly facilitating research for those traveling for business or leisure. Professionally produced articles and guides are now consulted alongside TripAdvisor, blogs, wikis, and other non-professional sources. This research seeks to understand the role of travel journalists, to explore their occupational ideology and how they distinguish themselves from other content creators. Through content analysis and interviews with English-speaking journalist and bloggers who focus on Paris as a destination, researchers were able to identify an ideology specific to professional travel journalists. Ultimately they do not do anything that amateur writers cannot, and often rely on their branded publication to give them credibility. Travel journalists do, however, adopt some practices inherent to bloggers interviewed, including moving towards more personal writing and lowering reporting standards, while resisting social media. While in a moment of identity crises, travel journalists still differentiate themselves from bloggers, further research will reveal if this phenomenon is unique to a highly mediatized destination like Paris.

Dirty work, dirty worker? Stigmatisation and coping strategies among domestic workers

Domestic work can be perceived to be ‘dirty work’ in several ways: it is associated with dirt handling, low occupational prestige, and domestic workers have a servile relationship to their clients/employers. This stigma may negatively affect domestic workers' sense of self, and thus coping strategies appear to be critical. In this article, we explore the coping strategies that moderate the relation between the stigma of dirty work and domestic workers' sense of self, based on the analyses of 43 interviews with domestic workers in Belgium. By using a social stress approach in which stigma is considered a stressor, our results reveal a range of maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies that contribute to a negative or a more positive sense of self. Four main categories of coping strategies are discussed: confronting or countering perceptions and behaviours, occupational ideologies, social weighting and defensive tactics. The first two categories are adaptive coping strategies; the last two can be adaptive or maladaptive. We also reveal that workers used adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies simultaneously, leading to mixed implications for their sense of self.

Narative journalism in the contemporary newsroom

This study examines the journalistic discourse in American trade publications toward a storytelling format, competitive in contemporary daily papers, which has long been considered as not appropriate for objective news writing. Thomas Kuhn’s concept of ‘paradigm’ was employed in examining and analyzing narrative discourse in trade journals. The outcome of text-analysis revealed that assenters in narrative news writing outnumbered the dissenters; narrative upholders have vividly attempted to construct a friendly perspective toward a storytelling format by eulogizing the prose style, battering the old form of news production, and distancing the previous literary movement from contemporary narrative news writing. The author concludes that the change of journalistic perception toward the narrative style documents the hierarchical relationship between the occupational ideology and the market ideology within which the journalistic paradigm of news writing can be modified and replaced when the established one — the inverted pyramid news writing — fails to satisfy the concerns of the media industry.

News as business: the global financial crisis and Occupy movement in the Wall Street Journal

This article examines a leading US business newspaper's coverage of the global financial crisis (GFC) and Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement. The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), the most influential international business newspaper with a global audience, is used as a case study. Although the GFC and OWS are closely related, we found significant differences in the way that they were reported in business news. Specifically, we found divergent frames in the WSJ's coverage: an ‘institutional’ framing of the GFC starkly differs from a ‘hegemonic’ framing of OWS. We relate this framing divergence to (1) the instability and inconsistencies in journalism's ‘occupational ideology’ and (2) the challenges social movements encounter in influencing public discourse.