Occupation Of Father Research Articles

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Internet Addiction among Adolescents: A Case Study of High Schools in Mangalore

Adolescents are more vulnerable to internet addiction (IA) as they have less ability to control their enthusiasm for internet activities. In this study, a descriptive approach was used to assess the level of IA and its impact among high school students. A conceptual framework was based on Roy’s Adaptation Model. The tool consisted of a baseline proforma, a modified form of IA test and a structured questionnaire developed during the study. Those tools were employed to assess the level of IA and its impact among adolescents of English medium high schools. Opinions from fourteen experts were used to modify the tools for the validity. The reliability of the tool was determined by using a split half technique. The reliability was measured by Karl Pearson’s coefficient correlation and was found to be reliable. The study revealed that majority (70.5%) of the adolescents were normal users, 23% had a mild addiction, 6% had a moderate addiction and 0.5% had a severe addiction. The majority (73%) of samples had a mild impact, 16.5% had a moderate impact, and 10.5% had no impact. Some of their demographic variables like age, class, and occupation of fathers have significant associations with both IA and impact of IA.

Behavioural Problems Among Children of Alcoholic Parents at Selected Government High School in Bangalore

Perhaps the most defenceless victims of alcoholism are the children of alcoholics. It is, therefore, very important to screen for problems at earliest age. In this study, a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was adopted. One hundred children of alcoholic parents were recruited by non-probability purposive sampling method. Children of alcoholic screening test were used for identifying children of alcoholics. Paediatric Symptom Checklist was used for assessing behavioural problems. The study was conducted at three Government High Schools in Pottery Town, Hosaguddadahalli and Attigupe, Bangalore. The result shown that 58 percent of respondents were having mild to moderate impairment in psychosocial functioning. 11 percent of the children scored positive on the internalising subscale, 13 percent scored positive on the externalising subscale, 9 percent scored positive on the attention subscale and 10 percent were positive for other problems like physical symptoms, difficulty in academics and sleep disturbance. There was no significant association found between behavioural problems scores with age, sex, religion, class, educational qualification of father, educational qualification of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother and monthly family income. It is concluded that children of alcoholic parents are risk for behavioural problems.

Assessment of Sexual Abuse and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in High Schools, Nekemte Town, East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia, 2017

Background: Adolescent’s sexual abuse is any interaction between adolescents and an adult (or another adolescent) in which the adolescents is used for the sexual stimulation of the perpetrator or an observer. Sexual abuse can include both touching and non-touching behaviors. Abusers often do not use physical force, but may use play, deception, threats, or other forms of coercion to engage adolescents and maintain their silence. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess prevalence and associated factors of adolescents sexual abuse among adolescents in high school, Nekemte town, East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: School based cross sectional study was conducted in high school of Nekemte town, using systematic random sampling technique from March 1st to 15th, 2017. Data was collected from 377 adolescent students using structured, pre tested and self-administered questionnaire. After data collection, data was cleared, coded, checked and entered in to computer software SPSS version 20.0. Univariate, analysis was performed for frequency and percentage. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with sexual abuse and these factors were taken in to multivariate analysis with 95% confidence interval. Result: Among study participants involved in the study 126 (33.4%) were sexually abused at least once in their life time and the remaining 251 (66.6%) were not sexually abused. Factors of sexual abuse associated significantly were grade attending, Fathers occupation and Mothers’ education and occupation positively associated with sexual abuse of adolescents while drinking alcohol and had sexual intercourse associated inversely. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of sexual abuse is high and needs every one’s attention on its reduction. Awareness creation for families and communities on sexual abuse and education for adolescents on short and long impact of sexual abuse is recommended.

Awareness and practices on toy safety among mothers of preschool children

Poor parental knowledge and attitudes often contribute to inappropriate management and practices of child care. This baseline study aimed to assess the awareness and practice of parents of preschool children regarding toy safety in a selected children's hospital at Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. Using a descriptive research design, 60 mothers of preschool children were selected by convenience sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was distributed to assess the awareness and practice on toy safety. The finding showed that 93% of mothers had inadequate awareness and 48% had moderately adequate practice on toy safety. There was a statistically significant association between level of awareness with maternal age (p=0.0004), maternal occupation (p=0.0001), fathers occupation (p=0.0014) and monthly income (p=0.0305). The study suggests that parents need to be taught on toy safety guidelines and practices so that toy related injuries could be avoided among children.

Nutritional Awareness among Adolescent Girls in Mahabubnagar District in Telangana

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between age 10 and 19 yr. Adolescent girls are backbone of healthy and progressive family and thus future builders of positive health of community. The present study was conducted to know the nutritional awareness of adolescent girls of Mahabubnagar district in Telangana state. The results showed that majority of rural adolescent girls (73%) have moderate nutritional awareness and in urban areas, majority (57%) of the respondents have high nutritional awareness. The nutritional awareness of adolescent girls depends on their education, their father's occupation and mass media exposure. They need school-based nutrition education and thus, interventions should be undertaken to improve the nutritional awareness of adolescent girls in rural areas.

Internet addiction and its correlates among undergraduate college students in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka

Background: Due to the rapid expansion of technology, internet has become the most vital part of human life and youth are found to be more dependent on it for various purposes. Aim: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of internet addiction and identify its associated factors among undergraduate college students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 1304 college students were included through convenient sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used which consisted of a semi-structured pro forma on sociodemographic profile, characteristics of internet usage, Young's Internet addiction test and depression, anxiety and stress test. Descriptive statistics were reported, and Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between expected outcomes. Results: Out of the total 1304 participants, 716 (54.9%) were females and 588 (45.1%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 19.16 years. The prevalence of internet addiction was found to be 44% and it was significantly associated with factors such as gender, father's occupation, mother's education, availability of personal gadgets, use of smartphone, exposure to internet at young age; and with increase in internet addiction, there was subsequent increase in the level of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: Although internet technology is considered the most effective tool and one is compelled to use it for various purposes, however, every individual should be able to recognize the point where internet starts to overrule one's life and further hinders other activities of daily living.

A study to assess the outcome of information education communication on knowledge regarding child abuse among pre adolescent girls age group of 10–12 years in selected schools

Population means the whole number of people, or inhabitant, in a country, or portion of country population explosion mean very rapid and unprecedented growth of population which create lots of problems in the country. The research design adopted was pre experimental one group pre-test post design. The conceptual framework based on modified Ludwing Von Bertanalyffys General system model. The study has been conducted in selected school, wankaner Non Probability convenient sampling technique has been adopted to select the desired sample. The sample size was 60. As an intervention of 20 minute of sterilisation was administered to group. The data was collected through structured knowledge questionnaire level of knowledge assess among pre-adolescent girl. The collected data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical method. ”t” test was used for assessing the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on level of knowledge among pre-adolescent girl. The obtained “t” value was 10.72 which was significant at 0.05. level. The finding of the study was revealed that structured teaching programme helps in increasing the level of knowledge Among all the demographic variable only education of mother and father, occupation of mother and father and sources of information was significant at 0.05level.

An empirical study on the predictive role of SES on high school students' achievement in learning ESL

This paper reports the findings of the study on the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) variables and students' achievement in learning ESL (AESL) in a few selected secondary schools of India. Through this study an attempt has been made to predict which variable of SES affect students' AESL. A questionnaire survey has been used to collect information about SES variables (father and mother education, father and mother occupation and family income) of the students. The students' AESL in form of grades is taken from the schools. Data analyses have been done using SPSS by descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis findings indicated that students' AESL is dependent on five SES variables. Multiple regressions indicated that fathers' education, mothers' occupation and income are significant predictors. This reflects that there is a need to look into these factors in addition to school learning factors affecting students' learning English as a second language (ESL).

The effects of sports on university students' continuous anger and anger sub-levels

In this study, the effect of sports on the anger levels of university students was examined. The study group consisted of 101 male and 99 female students studying at Selçuk University. The continuous anger levels of the individuals who do and do not sports participate in the study were determined by the "Continuous Anger Subscale" of the Continuous Anger - Anger Expression Scale Scale, which was adapted to Turkey by Özer. To analyses data, the independent t-test and ANOVA were conducted. According to the data of 18-20 (40 students), 21-23 (126 students), 24 years and over (34 students); The difference between the two groups who do and do not sports was important for the continuous anger subscale score as a result of two independent sample t tests (p<0.05). According to this, the score of the anger subscale is higher than that of the individual who does not perform. The p- value for anger subscale score was found to be significant (p<0.05). According to this, the individual who plays sports has a higher score on the subscale of anger than the individual who does not. Sports has played an active role in the suppression of the anger as the university student's constantly raising the level of anger. P value for anger subscale score of independent two-sample T-test for testing whether male and female subjects had significantly different scores of continuous anger subscale scores (p<0.05). According to this, the score of the male individual is higher than that of the female anger. It can be said that men can express their anger more easily than women. There was a significant difference between the father professions (p<0.05) for the continuous anger subscale scores. The scores of the continuous anger subscale scores of the private sector and the self-employed individuals of the father occupation were the same, while those of the father sector occupation were lower than the scores of the continuous anger subscale of the public sector. These results show that while the anger of the individuals whose father is the private sector and self-employed remains at the same level, the levels of continuous anger of the individuals working for the father in the public sector are found to be low.

Reasoning Abilities and Potential Correlates Among Jordanian School Children.

Objectives To investigate factors related to reasoning skills in 434 school children aged 5-9years. Methods The Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised was used to assess reasoning skills. Demographic, work and family income data, information on child's daily behavior and school academic achievement were provided by the participating children's parents. Results Reasoning scores increased by 4.56 points with increasing subject's age, 1.71 points with increasing level of father's occupation, 1.86 points with each increase in the subject's GPA, 1.13 points with consumption of breakfast at home and 1.81 points when child slept more hours. Having a father who smoked and living in a rural area decreased scores in reasoning. Conclusions for Practice Screening of reasoning and associated factors is essential for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the child's abilities and limitations. Understanding the child's reasoning abilities is critical for establishing intervention goals and planning therapeutic activities.

Chhaupadi: A Menstrual Taboo in Far Western Nepal

Chhaupadi is a practice where girls/women are not allowed to enter inside the house, touch water and milk for 4 to 7 days during their menstruation period. They must stay in a hut outside, identified as a Chhaupadi house. A mixed method study (QUAN+qual), was conducted to find out the practice of school going female adolescents regarding chhaupadi practice in Doti District of Far-western region of Nepal. It was found that Practice of chhaupadi ritual was significantly associated with ethnicity (OR: 54.667 95% CI, 5.990-498.909), education of father (OR: 8.743 95% CI, 1.140-67.076), education of mother (OR:8.069 95% CI, 1.814-35.892), occupation of father (OR: 3.337 95% CI, 1.262-8.823) and family Income (OR: 4.085 95%CI, 1.576-10.589). The findings also revealed that chhaupadi ritual has been practiced by in spite of the fact that it has serious effect in the health of the female. Also, it has threatened the security of the women, sometimes resulting brutal consequences like rape and death of the women. The study concluded that beside all other factors responsible for continuation of chhaupadi ritual, there is a strong superstitious belief that various miss happenings will occur due to violation of chhaupadi ritual. Therefore, it is necessary to increase awareness by lunching awareness programs and should be emphasized in school curriculum as well.

Sports effect on depression level of elementary school students

The purpose of this study is to analyze sports and exercises effects on depression levels of elementary school students. The research group formed a total of 203 students, including 104 students who exercise (amateur athletes, playing in school teams, etc.) The Depression Scale for Children (CDS) and Beck Depression Scale was used as a data collection tool in the study. The applicability of parametric or nonparametric tests was examined by comparing the normal distribution of values and variance equality when analyzing data to measure depression level of subjects. The normal distribution fitness test for the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, again using the Levene’ test for variance homogeneity. In order to apply the parametric tests, both normal distribution suitability and variance homogeneity are required. Non-normal distribution of data or homogeneous variance requires using nonparametric tests. One-way ANOVA test for more than two group of parametric tests and two independent T-tests for two independent groups were used for the analysis of the data as a result of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene’ test. The difference between the two independent sample T-test results for determining whether the depression scores of the performing and non-performing individuals are different is P = 0.039 <0,05.According to this, doing sports affects the score of depression. Individuals doing sports were found to be lower than students who did not score depression. There was no significant difference in the number of other siblings, age, educational status, maternal profession, father's occupation, mother education, father education, income and sex variables, depression scores were compared at 0.05 level. As a result, it was found that sports and exercise were important in reducing the adverse effects of depression or entering primary school children. In addition, emphasis should be placed on the preparation of adolescents for the direction of children's spores .

Childhood deprivation and later-life cognitive function in a population-based study of older rural South Africans

RationaleLittle research has evaluated the life course drivers of cognitive aging in South Africa. ObjectivesWe investigated the relationships of self-rated childhood health and father's occupation during childhood with later-life cognitive function score and whether educational attainment mediated these relationships among older South Africans living in a former region of Apartheid-era racial segregation. MethodsData were from baseline assessments of “Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community” (HAALSI), a population-based study of 5059 men and women aged ≥40 years in 2015 in rural Agincourt sub-district, South Africa. Childhood health, father's occupation during childhood, and years of education were self-reported in study interviews. Cognitive measures assessed time orientation, numeracy, and word recall, which were included in a z-standardized latent cognitive function score variable. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth were used to estimate the total and direct effects of each childhood risk factor, and the indirect effects mediated by years of education. ResultsPoor childhood health predicted lower cognitive scores (total effect = −0.28; 95% CI = −0.35, −0.21, versus good); this effect was not mediated by educational attainment. Having a father in a professional job during childhood, while rare (3% of sample), predicted better cognitive scores (total effect = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.40, versus unskilled manual labor, 29% of sample). Half of this effect was mediated by educational attainment. Education was linearly associated with later-life cognitive function score (0.09; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.10 per year achieved). ConclusionIn this post-Apartheid, rural South African context, older adults with poor self-reported childhood health or whose father worked in unskilled manual labor had relatively poor cognitive outcomes. Educational attainment strongly predicted cognitive outcomes, and appeared to be, in part, a mechanism of social stratification in later-life cognitive health in this context.

EXAMINATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TENDENCIES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STATUS VARIABLES: A PRACTICE ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social status variables that university students have and their entrepreneurship tendencies. The research was practised on 377 associate degree and undergraduate students studying at University. The respondents were selected by using easy sampling method which is one of the non-random sampling methods. Online survey method was practised on respondents. As a result of analysis, it is revealed that students are more control-oriented, but they have a lack of tolerance to uncertainty. Entrepreneurship tendencies of participants have significant differences towards gender, education level, work experience, participation in any project and entrepreneurship competition, the idea of starting a business, the location of the region they come from, their father's occupation and education level.

Evaluation of Adolescents' Quality of life in Hilla City

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Objective(s): The present study describes the quality of life (QOL) among adolescents with age of (12-22) year old and identifies factors that may be associated with it. Methodology: A cross-sectional design is carried throughout to evaluate adolescents' quality of life in Hilla City for the period of September 2nd 2016 to November 6th 2016. The present study is conducted in different settings that include schools and colleges in Hilla City. A non-probability "purposive" sample of (144) participant is selected and comprised of (50%) males and (50%) females. An instrument is constructed for the intent of the study. It is contained of two sections: First, the demographic characteristics sheet (7) items of age, gender, education, parents' education, parents' occupation, properties and monthly income, and second, the evaluation of adolescents' quality of life measure (10) items of physical prosperity, mental prosperity, inclinations and feelings, self-observation, independence, guardians relations and home life, social support and companions, school condition, social acknowledgment and subsidization. Content validity of the instrument is determined through panel of (10) experts and the internal consistency reliability is estimated through application of Spearman rank correlation coefficient of (r=0.92). Data are collected through the use of the study instrument and the interview technique as means for data collection. Data are analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical data analysis approach of frequency and total scores. A total score of (52-121= low quality of life), (122-191= moderate quality of life), and (192-260= high quality of life) is obtained for the evaluation of adolescents' quality of life. Furthermore, inferential statistical data analysis approach is consisted of Chi-square test. Results: The study findings indicate that the majority of the adolescents have experienced moderate level of quality of life. The analysis depicts that there is no significant association between adolescents' quality of life and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, education, mother's occupation and father's education. Except father's occupation and mother's education which are significantly associated with adolescents' quality of life. Recommendations: The study recommends that quality of life-oriented programs can be designed and implemented to adolescents of all age groups. School and college curriculum should include courses about quality of life. Parents can be involved in the early stated programs. Further research can be conducted nationwide on large sample size with different characteristics.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Role of fathers in social and emotional development of their adolescents across their working profile

The present research study was carried out to explore and compare the level of social and emotional maturity of adolescents across occupation of fathers. The sample was comprised of randomly selected 277 students studying in class XI at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Social Maturity Scale by Rao (1986), Emotional Maturity Scale by Singh and Bharagava (2006) and a self-designed questionnaire were employed to collect data. The result of the study highlighted the significant influence of fathers’ occupation on social and emotional maturity of adolescents. Adolescents of class 1 and class 2 service holders were identified to possess significantly higher level of social and emotional maturity than those of class 3 and class 4 service holders. The findings revealed the importance of father’s occupation in one’s life as adolescents of higher service classwere found significantly morepersonally, inter-personally and socially adequate; emotionally stable and progressive; socially adjusted and independent than their counterparts. Hence, the study suggests that occupational level of father plays an authoritative role in grooming the maturity of an adolescent.

Significant Risk Factors for Childhood Malnutrition: Evidence from an Asian Developing Country

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a major health problem in developing countries and it affects the physical growth and logical development of children. Data from the Demographic and Health Survey Bangladesh were used to evaluate the influences of several significant socioeconomic, demographic, health system and community factors on the current status of malnutrition among 5333 under-5 years children. Results reveal that older age, smaller birth size and maternal poor nutritional status were most significant factors for high prevalence of malnutrition which was assessed using three standard anthropometric indicators, such as underweight, stunting and wasting each of two kinds severe and moderate, following the WHO guidelines and cut-off points. The variables that were associated with severe as well as moderate underweight and stunting were father’s poor education, household lower economic condition and division of residence. Mother’s poor education and increased age of household head were associated with severe underweight and stunting. Low media exposure and respiratory sickness had significant effects on severe as well as moderate underweight and wasting. Some factors such as fathers occupation, number of under-5 children, place of delivery, feeding practice of liquids and feeding practice of solid foods were significantly associated with severe underweight, among these factors some had significant effect on severe stunting, or moderate stunting or both, and also significant effect on severe wasting or moderate wasting or both. In addition, measles vaccine had strong positive effect on child nutritional status but higher level of months of breastfeeding had negative effect. The overall underweight stunting and wasting were observed in 47.1%, 44% and 10.4% (respectively among them 12.8%, 17.9% and1.1% were severely underweight, stunting and wasting) of the children respectively. A vast majority of Bangladeshi children (56.5%) were suffered some degree of PEM. Appropriate intervention programs should be formulated to improve socioeconomic and maternal conditions collaborated with vaccination and childcare to reduce the overall malnutrition.

Religious Practice and Health-Related Quality of Life in Iranian Adolescent Girls.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between religious practice and health-related quality of life in adolescent girls in Tabriz, Iran, 2014-2015. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 female students who were selected using the random sampling method. Religious practice and health-related quality of life questionnaires were used for data collection. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between health-related quality of life and received religious support, religiosity, father's and mother's education, father's occupation, family economic status, and the number of children. It is necessary to find ways to further promote religious practices in adolescents and ultimately their quality of life.

Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Nulliparous Iranian Mothers: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

BackgroundAlthough exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is highly emphasized by the experts, nulliparous women do not adhere to this behavior at a desirable level. Since it seems that mothers’ beliefs and values play an important role in their adherence to these behaviors, the present study, aimed to perform a careful analysis of the behavior and evaluation of factors associated with the EBF in nulliparous women referring to healthcare centers in Bushehr using theory of planned behavior.Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 400 nulliparous mothers with children less than six-months who referred to healthcare centers in Bushehr, Iran. Stratified random-sample was used and data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and were later analyzed using statistical tests, including Pearson, Spearman, linear regression and logistic regression in SPSS version 22.0 Software.ResultsThe results showed that 62.5% of infants were exclusively breast-fed. Variables such as infant' gender, father's occupation and type of pregnancy were significantly related with EBF behavior. Constructs, including attitude (P< 0. 001, r=0.295), subjective norms (P< 0. 001, r=0.376) and perceived behavioral control (P< 0. 001, r=514) were significantly correlated with the EBF intention. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention predicted 13.8% changes in mothers' breastfeeding behavior.Conclusion The theory of planned behavior is an appropriate framework to identify factors associated with the EBF behavior among nulliparous Iranian mothers. Therefore, designing interventions based on this theory seems to have the potential to improve the EBF practice.

Disparities in Oral Health Behaviour among Young Adults in Mangalore, India: A Psychosocial Perspective.

Oral health inequalities imply unequal distribution of health and disease across socioeconomic gradients. Oral health related behaviour and its psychosocial antecedents can have a major impact on oral disease pathways in communities. To ascertain disparities in oral health behaviour and its psychosocial antecedents among young adults in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Present study was carried out among 341 degree students at three randomly chosen institutions belonging to government, aided and private colleges in Mangalore. Oral health behaviour was assessed by a structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Information about oral hygiene habits, tobacco use, sugar consumption, dental attendance patterns were collected. Respondent's self-reported gingivitis, perceived general and oral health, perceived need for care and locus of control were assessed. Information about demographic details was collected. Correlation analysis employed Pearson's correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression analysis was employed with snacking as dependent variable. Twice daily brushing was significantly associated with gender (r=0.142, p=0.009), type of college (r=-0.164, p=0.003) and father's occupation (r=0.107, p=0.049), while tobacco use was significantly associated with gender (r=0.284, p=0.000), religion (r=-0.234, p=0.000), type of college (r=0.312, p=0.000), father's education (r=0.130, p=0.017) and occupation (r=0.120, p=0.027). Self-perceived oral health was significantly associated with snacking (r=0.173, p=0.001) and tobacco use (r=-0.261, p=0.000), while locus of control was associated with snacking (r=0.140, p=0.009). Regression analysis revealed that father's education (OR=0.399, p=0.014), self-perceived need for care (OR=0.354, p=0.009), and locus of control (OR=0.166, p=0.003) emerged as significant predictors of snacking behaviour. Psychosocial antecedents were significantly associated with oral health behaviour among the respondents. Policy and decision makers should consider causes of causes while tackling oral health problems. Present study may contribute towards addressing oral health inequalities in developing nations, where oral health issues are compounded by a definite paucity of resources.