Occlusion Of Teeth Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Mandibular Ridge Resorption in Post-menopausal Denture and Non-Denture-Wearing Females and Its Relation to Body Mass Index: An In-Vivo Study.

Background Mandibular ridge resorption is a common problem in edentulous individuals, particularly in post-menopausal women. Body mass index (BMI) has been suggested as a potential factor influencing ridge resorption, but the relationship between the two remains unclear. Methods A study was conducted to evaluate mandibular ridge resorption in post-menopausal denture-wearing females and its relation to body mass index. A sample of 60 completely edentulous post-menopausal women was divided into two groups based on denture-wearing status and BMI. A radiographicevaluation of mandibular ridge resorption was conducted, and statistical analysis was performed using correlation and regression analysis. Results The study found a statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and mandibular ridge resorption in denture-wearing subjects, with a p-value of 0.039. A slight negative correlation was observed in non-denture wearers, with a p-value of 0.122. Overall, a significant relationship was found between BMI and mandibular ridge resorption, with a p-value of 0.007. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of considering BMI as a factor in mandibular ridge resorption in post-menopausal denture-wearing females. The findings suggest that prosthodontists should aim to preserve the residual ridge by using techniques such as broad area coverage, reduced denture teeth, and optimal occlusal tooth design.

Tooth eruption status and bite force determine dental microwear texture gradients in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus forma domestica).

Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is widely applied for inferring diet in vertebrates. Besides diet and ingesta properties, factors like wear stage and bite force may affect microwear formation, potentially leading to tooth position-specific microwear patterns. We investigated DMTA consistency along the upper cheek tooth row in young adult female rats at different growth stages, but with erupted adult dentitions. Bite forces for each molar (M) position were determined using muscle cross-sectional areas and lever arm mechanics. Rats were categorized into three size classes based on increasing skull length. Maximum bite force increased with size, while across all size classes, M3 bite force was almost 1.4 times higher than M1 bite force. In size class 1, M1 and M2 showed higher values than M3 for DMTA complexity, height, and volume parameters, while in size class 3, M1 had the lowest values. Comparing the same tooth position between size classes revealed opposing trends: M1 and M2 showed, for most parameters, decreasing roughness and complexity from size class 1-3, while M3 displayed the opposite trend, with size class 1 showing lowest, and either size class 2 or 3 the highest roughness and complexity values. This suggests that as rats age and M3 fully occludes, it becomes more utilized during mastication. DMTA, being a short-term diet proxy, is influenced by eruption and occlusion status changes. Our findings emphasize the importance of bite force and ontogenetic stage when interpreting microwear patterns and advise to select teeth in full occlusion for diet reconstruction.

Stress Distribution in Proclined Anterior Teeth of Pediatric Patients With and Without Mouthguard Use: A 3D Finite Element Analysis.

Traumatic dental injuries related to sports are a significant concern, as they can have severe physical and psychological impacts on children. Using mouthguards is essential, particularly in sports like skating, where high-impact forces are common. The study aimed to evaluate how stress is distributed on the teeth and surrounding bone in children with proclined anterior teeth when a force of 614.12 N was applied to two different regions of the jaws. The evaluation was conducted using finite element analysis (FEA), both with and without the use of a mouthguard. A 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model was constructed using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of a 12-year-old male patient. An average standardized force of 614.12 N was calculated, based on the average weight of children aged 11 to 13 years and the average speed of 13.4 m/s with which the children skate. The force was applied in two different directions and areas of the jaws: a lateral blow, perpendicular to the crown and root with the maxillary and mandibular teeth in occlusion (between the first molar and second premolar), and a blow obliquely at the pogonion point on the chin. Static simulations were then performed for four realistic scenarios-two with mouthguards and two without mouthguards. The Von Mises stresses were evaluated under all conditions. When the applied force was directed laterally, the stress values observed were 126.76 MPa with a mouthguard and 140 MPa without a mouthguard. When the force was applied to the chin region, the stress values were 37.997 MPa with a mouthguard and 40.67 MPa without a mouthguard. The use of a mouthguard in children is beneficial for protecting teeth and surrounding structures, especially in cases of proclined anterior teeth, as it helps dampen the generated stresses.

Specific features of hyoid bone topography in patients with distal occlusion with-in permanent teeth occlusion period

Aim of study: to study the topography of the hyoid bone in adolescents with distal occlusion, while relying on cephalometric analysis of head telerentgenograms (TRG) in the lateral projection. Materials and methods. 68 adolescents aged 15–17 years, who featured a gnathic distal occlusion (the main group) accompanied by sagittal incisive disocclusion (Subgroup 1) and deep incisive disocclusion (Subgroup 2) had the cephalometric analysis of head TRG done in the lateral projection. The comparison group (n=38) were 38 children, comparable in terms of age, and featuring physiological occlusion. The cephalometric analysis performed using the OnDemand3D™ Dental software (CEPH module) employed 11 linear, 10 angular and 2 index values, viewing them as the most significant from the stance of diagnosing distal occlusion. The detection of the hyoid bone topography relied on linear (H-S, H-CIII, H-RGn, H-MP, H-N, H-A, H-B) and angular (<H-Me-MP, <HGo-HMе) indicators, which were identified specifically and were used as characterizing the position of os hyoideum in relation to the cervical spine and the skull anterior base. Results. Subgroup 1 and 2 patients (main group), if compared to the comparison group, revealed significantly longer upper jaws (A-SnP) (p≤0.05), while they had significantly smaller values anterior upper face height (N-ANS) (p≤0.05); <SNB (p≤0.05); <Beta (p≤0.01). Incisor protrusion in Subgroup 1 can be seen from a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in <U1-L1 along with an increase in overjet, whereas an increase in the incisor overlap depth in children of Subgroup 2 is obvious through an increase in (p≤0.01) overbite with no difference in <U1-L1. The vertical displacement of os hyoideum in Subgroups 1 and 2 (if matched against the patients with physiological occlusion) can be observed through a significant (p≤0.05) Me-decrease in H-S linear values (1.17 and 1.16 times), H-RGn (1.28 and 1.29 times), H-MP (1.91 and 1.83 times), as well as through the H-Me-MP angular magnitude (1.54 and 1.48 times), while the horizontal shift is revealed through a significant (p≤0.05) Me-decrease in the H-CIII distance (1.34 and 1.35 times) along with an increase in the HGo-HMе angle (1.16 and 1.11 times, respectively).Conclusion. The identified hyoid bone upper and posterior displacement in cases with gnathic distal occlusion, combined with a decrease in the mandible plane (body) distance is one of the key pathogenetic factors behind upper respiratory tract obstruction and nocturnal apnea. The introduction of cephalometric analysis of the head TRG in a lateral projection with 3D reconstruction of the upper respiratory tract expands the currently options for X-Ray-based diagnostics, while allowing evaluating the effectiveness of treatments offered for dental and ENT issues Цель исследования. Изучение топографии подъязычной кости у подростков с дистальной окклюзией по результатам цефалометрического анализа телерент-генограмм (ТРГ) головы в боковой проекции. Материалы и методы. Цефалометрический анализ ТРГ головы в боковой проекции проведён у 68 под- ростков 15–17 лет с гнатической формой дистальной окклюзии (основная группа), сопровождающейся сагиттальной резцовой дизокклюзией (1-я подгруппа) и глубокой резцовой дизокклюзией (2-я подгруппа). Группу сравнения (n=38) составили 38 детей с физиологической окклюзией, сопоставимые по возрасту. При цефалометрическом анализе в программе «OnDemand3D™ Dental» модуля «CEPH» использованы 11 линейных, 10 угловых и 2 индексные величины, как наиболее значимые при диагностике дистальной окклюзии. Для установления топографии подъязычной кости отдельно выделены линейные (H-S, H-CIII, H-RGn, H-MP, H-N, H-А, H-В) и угловые (<H-Me-MP, <HGo-HMе) показатели, характеризующие положение os hyoideum относительно шейного отдела позвоночника и переднего основания черепа. Результаты. У пациентов 1-й и 2-й подгрупп основной группы, по отношению к детям группы сравнения, достоверно увеличены длина верхней челюсти (A-SnP) (p≤0,05), достоверно уменьшены передняя верхняя высота лица (N-ANS) (p≤0,01), <SNB (p≤0,01), <Beta (p≤0,05). На протрузию резцов у детей 1-й подгруппы указывает достоверное (p≤0,05) уменьшение <U1-L1 при увеличении overjet, а об увеличении глубины резцового перекрытия у детей 2-й подгруппы – прирост (p≤0,01) overbite при отсутствии различий <U1-L1. На вертикальное перемещении os hyoideum у детей 1-й и 2-й подгрупп, по отношению к пациентам с физиологической окклюзией, указывает достоверное (p≤0,05) сокращение по Ме линейных значений H-S в 1,17 и 1,16 раза, H-RGn – в 1,28 и 1,29 раза, H-МР – в 1,91 и 1,83 раза, угловой величины H-Me-MP – в 1,54 и 1,48 раза, а о горизонтальном сдвиге – достоверное (p≤0,05) уменьшение по Ме расстояния H-CIII – в 1,34 и 1,35 раза при увеличении угла HGo-HMе – в 1,16 и 1,11 раза соответственно. Заключение. Установленное верхнее и постериальное перемещение подъязычной кости у пациентов с гнатической формой дистальной окклюзии, сочетающееся с уменьшением расстояния до плоскости (тела) нижней челюсти, является одним из ключевых патогенетических факторов обструкции верхних дыхательных путей и ночного апноэ. Дополнение цефалометрического анализа ТРГ головы в боковой проекции 3D-реконструкцией верхних дыхательных путей расширяет современный арсенал лучевой диагностики, позволяя оценить эффективность лечения зубочелюстных аномалий и патологии ЛОР-органов

In vitro early proximal caries detection using trilateral short-wave infrared reflection at 1050 and 1550 nm.

This in vitro study evaluated the diagnostic potential of short-wave infrared reflection (SWIRR) at 1050 and 1550 nm for proximal caries detection from the occlusal, buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth under clinically relevant conditions. Bitewing radiography (BWR) was the alternative index test and micro-computed tomography (μCT) the reference standard. 250 proximal surfaces of extracted human teeth were examined using SWIRR at 1050 and 1550 nm and BWR. SWIRR, BWR and μCT findings were evaluated twice by two trained examiners. SWIRR images were evaluated from occlusal and trilateral (occlusal, buccal and lingual combined) views. Sensitivity, specificity and AUC were calculated. Reliability assessment was performed using κ statistics. SWIRR (1050 nm) showed sensitivity of 0.44 for occlusal and 0.55 for trilateral assessment, paired with specificity of 0.96 and 0.90, whereas SWIRR (1550 nm) showed sensitivity of 0.73 and 0.85 paired with specificity of 0.76 and 0.59. Compared to occlusal view, trilateral SWIRR view revealed ≈10% higher sensitivity and lower specificity. BWR revealed lowest sensitivity (0.30) and highest specificity (0.99). Over-and underestimation of caries demonstrated opposite trends: from 1050-1550 nm, overestimation of trilateral SWIRR increased (0.08-0.29), while underestimation decreased (0.15-0.06). Trilateral SWIRR has higher sensitivity and lower specificity for proximal caries, than occlusal SWIRR. 1050 nm are more suitable for trilateral SWIRR and 1550 nm for occlusal examinations. A combination of SWIRR at 1050 and 1550 nm may exhibit a balanced sensitivity and specificity for proximal caries.

Traumatic Fibroma : A Case Report

Fibroma is a benign fibrous tissue growth that develops as reactive hyperplasia to trauma or local irritation. It is usually characterized by slow growing, painless, firm, nodular mass merging with the colour of surrounding tissue. It is mainly seen in the region of buccal mucosa, along the plane of occlusion of maxillary and mandibular teeth, tongue, gingiva and hard palate. On clinical examination it resembles pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma.

Comparison between Compression Strength of Composite Resin with and without Stamp Technique

Background: This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in compression strength between resin composites that use the stamp technique and those that do not use the stamp technique. Objective: To identify the effect of the stamp technique with occlusal matrix on the compression strength and compare it with the one without stamp technique. Materials and methods: This study used an occlusal matrix from a transparent impression made of silicone to print the occlusal teeth. This transparent impression was attached to the resin surface composite prior to polymerization and remained on the surface until polymerization ended. The advantage of using this transparent occlusal matrix is ​​that the light cure can penetrate through the transparent layer of the impression. It can be used to isolate oxygen during polymerization. Results: The average compression strength of composite resin with the stamp technique was 128.5300 ±17.23023 MPa, while composite resin without the stamp technique was 91.2460 ±8,72802 MPa. Conclusion: This study showed the difference between the two test groups, where the resin composite using the stamp strength had a higher compression strength.

Analysis and comparison of tooth wear in late antiquity and early middle age in populations that lived in continental and coastal Croatia using digitized VistaMetrix method.

Tooth wear is a non-pathological loss of hard tissues on the incisal and occlusal tooth surface. In archaeology, the loss of dental tissue through attrition is associated with living opportunities and habits, availability, characteristics and methods of food preparation. In forensics, tooth wear is used to estimate the dental age on cadavers. For this study, we used an archaeological sample from two sample collections. In this study, tooth wear was compared in archaeological samples of well-preserved maxilla and mandible specimens (n=392) from Croatian coastal and continental populations from Late Antiquity (LA) and the Early Middle Ages (EMA). The computer system VistaMetrix 1.38 was used to analyse the abrasion and attrition of hard dental tissues. The Shapiro-Wilk and chi-square tests were performed for categorical data to test the difference between two historical periods and two geographical locations, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for continuous data. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of tooth wear in total teeth area (P < 0.001) when comparing continental and coastal Croatia in LA and coastal Croatia between LA and EMA (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). Samples from coastal Croatia from the LA period had the lowest percentage of tooth wear with a median of 8.35%, while samples from coastal Croatia from the EMA had the highest percentage of tooth wear with a median of 18.26%. Our results generally show greater tooth wear in the EMA period in male subjects. The results of the tooth wear research obtained with the Vista Metrix software can contribute to the study of life circumstances and changes that the analysed population has experienced in its historical development.

Clinical efficacy, bone density, and follow-up in implant and orthodontic treatment for inclined adjacent teeth

BACKGROUND Tooth defects can cause elongation of occlusal teeth, leading to insufficient repair space. The combination of dental implant restoration and orthodontic treatment of oblique adjacent teeth has a significant therapeutic effect. AIM To explore clinical efficacy, bone density, and follow-up of implant and orthodontic treatment for patients with inclined adjacent teeth. METHODS In total, 98 patients with oblique adjacent teeth were randomly assigned to implant restoration combined with orthodontic treatment (group A, n = 49) or to receive implant restoration alone (group B, n = 49). Changes in alveolar ridge bone density and apical bone density were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. Changes in chewing function and language function were compared between the two groups of patients. Follow-up lasted for 12 mo after repair to observe any adverse reactions in the oral cavity. RESULTS The clinical effective rates of group A and group B were 97.96% and 85.71%, respectively, with group A having a higher clinical effective rate than group B. After treatment, the bone density of the alveolar ridge and apical bone in both groups decreased compared to before treatment, while the chewing and language functions improved. The changes in various indicators in group A were more significant. After treatment, the satisfaction rate of group A (97.96%) was higher than that of group B (79.59%). The incidence of adverse reactions in group A (2.04%) was lower than that in group B (24.49%). CONCLUSION The amalgamation of implant restoration and orthodontic treatment for adjacent tilted teeth demonstrates notable clinical efficacy, diminishes alveolar bone resorption, and fosters patient functional rehabilitation while exhibiting negligible adverse reactions.

Automatic 3D Teeth Reconstruction From Five Intra-Oral Photos Using Parametric Teeth Model.

Orthodontic treatment is a lengthy process that requires regular in-person dental monitoring, making remote dental monitoring a viable alternative when face-to-face consultation is not possible. In this study, we propose an improved 3D teeth reconstruction framework that automatically restores the shape, arrangement, and dental occlusion of upper and lower teeth from five intra-oral photographs to aid orthodontists in visualizing the condition of patients in virtual consultations. The framework comprises a parametric model that leverages statistical shape modeling to describe the shape and arrangement of teeth, a modified U-net that extracts teeth contours from intra-oral images, and an iterative process that alternates between finding point correspondences and optimizing a compound loss function to fit the parametric teeth model to predicted teeth contours. We perform a five-fold cross-validation on a dataset of 95 orthodontic cases and report an average Chamfer distance of 1.0121 mm2 and an average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.7672 on all the test samples in the cross-validation, demonstrating a significant improvement compared with the previous work. Our teeth reconstruction framework provides a feasible solution for visualizing 3D teeth models in remote orthodontic consultations.

Association between tooth loss-related speech and psychosocial impairment with cognitive function: A pilot study in Hong Kong's older population.

Tooth loss has been associated with cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms involving speech and psychosocial impairment remain unclear. To investigate the impact of tooth loss-related speech and psychosocial impairment on cognitive function in Hong Kong's older population. Seventy-six Cantonese-speaking participants between the ages of 51-92 were classified into three groups: patients with complete dentures (CD), partially edentulous patients with less than 10 occluding tooth pairs (OU <10), and at least 10 occluding tooth pairs (OU ≥10). Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Hong Kong Version, One-minute Verbal Fluency Task and Hayling Sentence Completion Test. Objective and subjective speech assessments were carried out using artificial intelligence speech recognition algorithm and a self-designed speech questionnaire. The impact of tooth loss on psychosocial condition was evaluated by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and a self-designed questionnaire. Statistical analyses (one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation test) were performed. Tooth loss was significantly associated with lower cognitive function (p = .008), speech accuracy (p = .018) and verbal fluency (p = .001). Correlations were found between cognitive function and speech accuracy (p < .0001). No significant difference in tooth loss-related psychosocial impact was found between the three groups. While warranting larger sample sizes, this pilot study highlights the need for further research on the role of speech in the association between tooth loss and cognitive function. The potential cognitive impact of tooth retention, together with its known biological and proprioceptive benefits, supports the preservation of the natural dentition.

Submental Intubation in a Case of Panfacial Fractures in a Paediatric Patient: A Case Report

Maxillofacial fractures can pose a challenge to the anaesthesiologist especially in securing the airway. The oral route of endotracheal intubation is unsuitable in surgical treatment requiring intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation and temporary occlusion of teeth. The nasal route may also pose a problem or may be contraindicated. Tracheostomy is an alternative, though it has a high likelihood of complications. Submental intubation offers an easy, rapid, and efficient substitute for oral and nasal tracheal intubation or tracheostomy in such patients. It does not interfere with the surgical field, provides simultaneous access to the nasal and oral airways, good dental occlusion with minimal morbidity.

A comparative assessment of condylar inclination in completely edentulous patients using cone beam computed tomography and Arcus digma II

Statement of problemCondylar inclination affects denture fabrication and placement, especially when bilateral balanced occlusion is provided. However, comparisons between radiographic techniques and clinical procedures are lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the effects of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and Arcus digma II on horizontal condylar inclination and bilateral balanced occlusion. Material and methodsTwelve completely edentulous individuals were provided with complete dentures with teeth in bilateral balanced occlusion. The horizontal condylar angle was measured using CBCT and the Arcus digma II with a 6-mm mandibular protrusion. The CBCT had a real-time 3D image, and the Arcus digma II method recorded mandibular movement using electronic sensors. To evaluate the clinical performance, the horizontal condylar angle was measured using the 2 methods and applied to the semi-adjustable articulator to evaluate the balanced occlusion. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality, and a paired t test was used to assess the normally distributed data (α=.05). ResultsThe horizontal condylar guidance angle values for both sides of Arcus digma II were significantly higher than from CBCT (P<.05). No difference was found in the clinical performance of balanced occlusion of complete dentures in the 2 methods. ConclusionsThe Arcus digma II method yielded higher horizontal condylar angle measurements than from CBCT. However, no significant difference was found between Arcus digma II and CBCT in terms of the effect on balanced occlusion. Arcus digma II appears to be a reliable technique for measuring the horizontal condylar angle, similar to CBCT, and can be used as an alternative method.

A digital technique for occlusal design of a posterior full crown based on physiological tooth displacement and occlusion of adjacent teeth.

This article presents a digital technique to construct a virtual occlusion in the maximal intercuspal position (MIP), considering physiological tooth displacement and reducing intermesh penetrations between occlusal surfaces, in order to design more precise and accurate occlusal contacts of a posterior full crown.

Influence of Different Breathing Strategies on Plantar Pressure Distribution in Ballet Movements

PURPOSE This study investigated the differences in plantar pressure distribution when using three breathing techniques during heel raises.METHODS The subjects were 29 professional dancers aged 20 to 30 years with more than 10 years of experience. Pressure distribution according to breathing method during heel raise was measured for 10 seconds while controlling the raise speed and gaze. The three breathing techniques were randomly ordered. Peak pressure, contact area and time, displacement, and absolute velocity of the center of pressure trajectory were measured using Emed&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;-le from Novel GMBH. Plantar pressure was analyzed by dividing it into a total of 12 areas (masks): five toes, five metatarsals, the midfoot, and the hindfoot.RESULTS Using the teeth occlusion breathing technique, the peak pressure on the first metatarsal was significantly reduced, the contact time of the second metatarsal was significantly longer, and the displacement of the center of pressure trajectory was significantly shorter. Additionally, during the phase of the forefoot retainer, the velocity of the center of pressure trajectory was significantly reduced.CONCLUSIONS The teeth occlusion technique reduces peak pressure, increases contact time and area, and decreases the displacement and velocity of the center of pressure trajectory, demonstrating an efficient method for maintaining balance in ballet movements. This technique can potentially enhance stability and prevent injuries in ballet dancers.

Clinical characteristics of tension headache in occlusive disorders

Relevance. Common physiological human suffering is headache. The prevalence of headache ranks third after back pain and joint pain in the structure of muscle-fascial pain syndromes. However, headaches and facial pains associated with muscle-fascial trigger points are much more common than headaches and facial pains caused by other causes. An extremely irritated area of skeletal muscle associated with an oversensitive palpable node located in a compacted bundle is the muscle–fascial trigger points. In the pathogenesis of headaches, a major role belongs to dysfunction or disease of the temporomandibular joint, age-related changes in the masticatory muscles, jaws and teeth and all elements of the TMJ occuring during a person’s life. In some cases, minor changes in the occlusion of teeth and jaws, as well as a stressful situation, lead to a painful spasm of the masticatory muscles. Goal. To analyze the clinical characteristics of tension headache in patients with occlusive disorders (OD) and physiological occlusion (PO). Material and methods. The study covered 210 patients with occlusion disorders and 92 patients with the signs of physiological occlusion. 141 patients from the first group and 32 patients from the second group complained of a headache. Occlusal relationships of teeth were analyzed in the position of central and dynamic occlusion. The destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth and partial adentia, as well as anomalies and deformities of the dentition were determined as the disorder of occlusion. The study of the muscles of the maxillofacial region and neck was carried out using the techniques described in the book by Travell J.G., Simons D.G. (2005). A visual-analogue pain assessment scale and a Russified McGill’s questionnaire on the nature of pain were used to identify the nature of the pain syndrome, the severity of pain. The assessment was carried out at a consultative appointment, the localization, nature, duration and intensity of pain, as well as the specificities of the pain syndrome being taken into account. When examining muscles, to quantify the data obtained the muscle syndrome index (IMS) was evaluated. The analysis of the research results was carried out using nonparametric criteria. Results. According to the severity of the pain syndrome, the use of a visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain allowed us to divide all patients into 3 groups: with mild pain, with moderate and with severe pain. According to the international classification of headaches, episodic and chronic headaches were distinguished. In patients with OD, the headache becomes chronic more often and is felt more intense than in patients with PO. Among the patients complaining of a headache, in patients with OD the IMS is higher than the IMS of the muscles of the masticatory complex, and in patients with PO the IMS is higher than the IMS of the neck muscles. Conclusions. Female patients with OD and PO suffer from tension headache more often than male patients. In patients with OD, musculo-fascial headaches are twice as common, have a more pronounced character and become chronic more often than in patients with PO. The severity of the IMS of the masticatory muscles in patients with OD is 2.5 times higher than in patients with PO.

Evaluation of the contribution of different groups of teeth to occlusion of patients with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of occlusal forces in the dental arches released during tooth clenching in patients with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, and to analyse the age and gender structure of the patients in the study group and the control group.Materials and methodThe study was carried out on a group of 58 patients, of both genders, aged 18–40 years, with full dental arches, who presented for treatment at the Prosthodontics Clinic of the University Dental Clinic in Kraków due to symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (study group) comprised 26 patients with painful temporomandibular disorders, while the second group (control group) comprised 32 patients without pain. The study only included patients over 18 years of age, with full dental arches with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. All patients underwent a basic dental examination and a specialized functional examination of the masticatory organ. A T‐Scan III‐Novus instrument with electronic occlusal articulation paper was used to assess the distribution of occlusal contacts.ResultsIn the study, women (43) were a larger group than men (15). Statistically significant values for the percentage distribution of occlusal contacts were obtained in group of women in the study group on the right and left side, in the area of molars and premolars. In the analysis of the percentage distribution of occlusal contacts in both the study and control groups, it can be seen that the first molars (teeth 16 and 26) showed a larger percentage range of values than the other teeth. The smallest values can be observed on the second incisal teeth and on the canines.ConclusionsThe first molars are, in the majority of patients, the teeth on which the strongest occlusal contacts are generated. Excessive participation of incisal teeth in occlusion might influence the development of the pain form of TMD. In order to determine whether there is a correlation between an uneven distribution of occlusal contacts and TMD pain, studies on larger numbers of patients are needed. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.

Increasing Vertical Dimension of a Case with Full Mouth Rehabilitation: Case Report.

Introduction: Bruxism is one of the most frequent causes for occlusal tooth wear, with the loss of tooth structure caused by mechanical wear between maxillary and mandibular tooth surfaces, case report was conducted to improve the patient oral health, and to maintain the new vertical dimension since it was lost by teeth clenching. Case description: this paper presents a 50 years old male suffering from severe bruxism, which implicated the appearance and function of the patient, he was transferred to TIU dental hospital for full mouth rehabilitation treatment. Discussion: The rehabilitation of patients with extensive occlusal wear is complex and difficult to solve, becoming thus one of the biggest challenges of dentistry, a proper planning of a prosthetic rehabilitation should not attribute the re-establishing of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) to new prostheses at the risk of the patient doesn’t adapt to a new condition of vertical dimension. Conclusion: Tooth wear causes dimensional changes in facial morphology and OVD decrease. The correct determination of occlusal vertical dimension represents a factor of success in the rehabilitation treatment. Keywords: Vertical Dimension, Rehabilitation, Full Mouth, Bruxism.

Exploring the link between hair elemental composition and oral and general health of children in Northern and Central Dagestan Russia

Relevance. This article presents data on the level of trace elements in hair and oral and general health among various age groups of children (from 2 to 17 years) in Northern and Central Dagestan. It also reports findings on the relationship between oral health indicators and the content of such macro- and microelements as Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, As, Fe, F. Identifying concentrations of macro- and microelements in hair proves to be a promising diagnostic method and aids in creating personalized prevention programs.Objective. To investigate the correlation between the elemental composition in children's hair and their oral and general health conditions in the cities of Kizlyar and Makhachkala, situated in Northern and Central Dagestan, Russia.Materials and methods. Established methods and physicochemical techniques were utilized for oral health evaluations to determine the quality indicators of drinking water, levels of elemental composition in hair, and methods to assess the general health of children (questionnaires, analysis of medical records of children).Results. A correlation was established between the levels of specific chemical elements in hair, the dental hard tissues, and mixed saliva with the oral and general health complications observed in children. Water analysis in Makhachkala, central part of the Republic of Dagestan, revealed an unbalanced presence of essential chemical elements such as fluoride, iron, manganese, zinc, and sulfates. In 74–84% of the examined water samples, the fluoride content was below 0.5 mg/l, and only 13–25% were within the normal range. The levels of fluoride and iron in hair and mixed saliva indicate shifts in mineral metabolism in children's bodies. Fluoride is crucial for iron absorption, and its deficiency results in significantly decreased absorption rates. A substantial reduction in water fluoride levels, compared to standard values, correlates with high rates of dental caries and iron deficiency anemia in children from Makhachkala, occurring in about 87% of cases (P &lt; 0.05). This relationship is substantiated by the analysis of medical records from children aged 2 to 17 from hospitals in both Northern and Central Dagestan, highlighting the connection between iron deficiency anemia and the low fluoride levels in drinking water. Further studies into the oral health of children have shown that the incidence and severity of caries in deciduous teeth are greater in the Northern than in the Central Zone of Dagestan. Moreover, conditions such as cheilitis, aphthous stomatitis, and desquamative glossitis are frequently observed in children during the stages of temporary tooth occlusion, affecting on average 38.5% of cases, and this prevalence increases to 78.2% during the mixed and permanent occlusion stages.Conclusion. The conducted studies revealed that the drinking water supplied to the Dagestan population has elevated permissible levels of iron and arsenic. Additionally, there is a noted deficiency of fluoride, zinc, and copper, as well as low water hardness. Research into the quality of drinking water and the health impacts on the pediatric population of Dagestan established a correlation (R = 0.593) between unbalanced water, dietary intake, the severity of dental caries, and reduced immunity in children. High levels of arsenic, germanium, and molybdenum in the water and children's hair contribute to cumulative health effects. Environmental pollution is also linked to a rise in oral health issues, iron deficiency anemia, and broader health problems. Analyzing the chemical composition of children's hair serves as a diagnostic tool for detecting and preventing diseases related to deficiencies and excesses of macro- and microelements.

Long-term occlusal tooth wear at the onset of permanent dentition

ObjectivesThis study quantified the long-term occlusal wear in the natural posterior teeth and the associations per tooth type within the dentition.MethodsThe sample included 70 orthodontically treated subjects (52 females and 18 males; median age, 14.3 years), followed for a 12.7-year period. They were consecutively selected with no tooth wear–related criteria. Post-treatment (T1) and follow-up dental casts (T2) were scanned and superimposed through three-dimensional methods. Occlusal wear volume of posterior teeth and tooth wear patterns were investigated through non-parametric statistics and analysis of covariance.ResultsThere were no significant differences between contralateral teeth. The average occlusal wear per posterior tooth was 2.3 mm3, with 65.2% of teeth showing values greater than 1 mm3. Males, mandibular teeth, and first molars exhibited slightly greater wear levels than females (median, 2.57 and 2.21 mm3, respectively; p = 0.005), maxillary teeth, and first or second premolars, respectively. In all first premolars and in the mandibular second premolars, the buccal cusps were primarily affected with no other distinct patterns. There were weak to moderate correlations between tooth types, apart from certain strong correlations detected in males.ConclusionsPosterior tooth wear was highly prevalent after a 13-year period starting at the onset of permanent dentition. The detected patterns are in accordance with the concept of canine guidance occlusion that is transforming into group synergy through function.Clinical relevanceThe widespread tooth wear occurrence and the high intra- and inter-individual variability underline the need for individual patient monitoring to identify high-risk patients at early stages.