This paper proposes a robust adaptive control method for the acceleration control of tail-controlled STT (skid-to-turn) missiles, using a fuzzy adaptive disturbance observer. The dynamics with disturbances are analyzed in the general form, as well as aerodynamic uncertainties. A fuzzy adaptive disturbance observer and a robust adaptive controller are then designed. Stability analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the STT missile systems, against both aerodynamic uncertainties, and disturbances.