Observation Sessions Research Articles

Observations of Weak Galactic OH Masers in 1.6 GHz Frequency Band Using Irbene RT-32 Radio Telescope

Abstract Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre (Ventspils University of Applied Sciences) is implementing the scientific project “Complex Investigations of the Small Bodies in the Solar System” (lzp-2018/1-0401) related to the research of the small bodies in the Solar system (mainly, focusing on asteroids and comets) using methods of radio astronomy and signal processing. One of the research activities is weak hydroxyl (OH) radical observation in the radio range – single antenna observations using Irbene RT-32 radio telescope. To detect weak (0.1 Jy) OH masers of astronomical objects using radio methods, a research group in Ventspils adapted the Irbene RT-32 radio telescope working at 1665.402 and 1667.359 MHz frequencies. Spectral analysis using Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transform was applied to radio astronomical data from multiple observations related to weak OH maser detection. Multiple observation sessions of OH maser objects (R LMi, RU Ari, V524 Cas, OH 138.0+7.2, U Aur, etc) were carried out in 2020–2021.

The educational affordances of external clinician observation of GP trainee consultations.

There is widespread agreement about the importance of direct observation of trainee practice by clinical supervisors. Less is known about observation by observers external to the supervisory team. We explored the educational affordances of external observation of GP trainee consultations for educational and assessment purposes, from the perspectives of both observers and trainees. GP medical educators, who were scheduled to observe sessions of GP trainee consultations, were recruited as participant observers. They completed field notes, reflective memos and a focus group discussion, and conducted post-observation interviews with trainees, focused on trainee experiences of accessing educational input from supervisors and observers during the sessions. Thematic analysis was guided by constructivist realism and socio-cultural theory. A total of 23 observation sessions (131 observed patient consultations), 33 trainee interviews and 23 observer reflections were completed. External observers embraced teaching, coaching and pastoral opportunities, rather than being 'flies on the wall', despite also having research and assessment roles. They gained useful insights into the challenges of obtaining and providing in-consultation supervisory assistance and provided some in-consultation guidance themselves. Both trainees and observers experienced the sessions as valuable and collegial. Trainees appreciated post-consultation feedback conversations: topics included consultation challenges, managing uncertainty and variation in clinical practice. Patient expectations and pre-existing relationships influenced the distinctive interpersonal dynamic of the externally observed consultation. The educational affordances and interpersonal dynamics of external observation differ from supervisor observation. We recommend wider use in clinical training of observers who cross between educator and clinician communities.

Алгоритм усреднения приращений координат и их ковариационных матриц при повторных ГНСС-измерениях

An algorithm for averaging part of GNSS measurements information obtained at different times and belonging to the same baseline is given. The averaging extends to the increments of such lines’ coordinates and the accompanying covariance matrix of the increments. It is implemented using the algorithm of the classic parametric version of data LS-optimization. The design matrix of the measured increasing is built with positive single blocks size 3×3; their total number is equal to that of the baseline observation sessions. Solving the system of relevant normal equations through the method of conversion, size 3×3, gives the vector of average increments of the base line coordinates. The reverse matrix of its normal equation ratios is an averaged covariance one of average increments (system roots). Processing observational materials is carried out in the Excel electronic computational table using a synthesized version of the parametric one of the data LS-optimization, taking into account the errors of the reference points’ coordinates. The two-way processing-determined coordinates and their RMSE (root mean square error) were identical both before and after averaging.

The long-term impact of immediate verbal feedback of hand hygiene compliance after overt observation sessions, as assessed by continuous closed-circuit television monitoring in an intensive care setting

BackgroundHand hygiene compliance by health care workers (HCWs) is pivotal in controlling and preventing health care associated infections. The aim of this interventional study is to assess the long-term impact of personal verbal feedback on hand hygiene compliance of HCWs in an intensive care unit (ICU) immediately after overt observation by an infection control nurse.MethodsAn infection control nurse overtly observed HCWs’ hand hygiene compliance and immediately gave personal verbal feedback with emphasis on aseptic technique. Overt non-interventional sessions were also performed. We measured compliance rates using covert continuous closed-circuit television (CCTV) monitoring. We compared these rates to previously-published hand hygiene compliance data.ResultsOverall compliance rates in the first (41.5%) and third phases (42%) of the study, before and after the intervention were similar. The two moments that were lowest in the first phase, “before aseptic contact” and “after exposure to body fluids”, showed significant improvement, but two moments showed a significant decline in compliance: “before patient contact” and “after contact with patient surrounding”. The compliance rates during the intervention phase were 64.8% and 63.8% during the sessions with and without immediate verbal personal feedback, respectively.ConclusionThe overall hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs did not show an improvement after immediate verbal personal feedback. Covert CCTV observational sessions yielded much lower hand hygiene compliance rates then overt interventional and non-interventional observations. We suggest that a single intervention of personal feedback immediately after an observational session is an ineffective strategy to change habitual practices.

Comparing Social Robot Embodiment for Child Musical Education.

The present research focuses in the comparison of two social robot models running the same Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) applications targeting the context of music education for children aged 9-11, with the objective of underlying the design choices favored by the target audience on the running tasks. The Guitar Tuner consists of two main functionalities: tuning process and performance evaluation, which we implemented using the NAO and Zenbo robots. User evaluation included 20 children and assessed their perceived robot embodiment preferences (e.g., shape, robot motion, displays, and emotional expressivity) and perceived usability aspects. The evaluation used an experimental remote protocol supporting collecting online feedback with users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical results supported performing quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the HRI application and highlighting the perceived differences of robot embodiment features. The discussions center on improving a future version of the HRI application, plus children’s considerations about their preferred robot embodiment features during the observation sessions. Finally, we propose recommendations for robot embodiment design for children and learning based on this case study and discuss protocol limitations during the social distancing context, that we believe as a valid alternative to move forward with experimental designs, particularly in robotics, becoming a great contribution to other researchers facing similar hurdles.

Case study on evaluation in the formative dynamics of school soccer: results-driven arbitrariness

ABSTRACT Many primary school pupils broaden their education through extracurricular activities and sports, among which school soccer stands out due to its high levels of participation and its significant impact. The kind of learning imparted fluctuates between a priori pedagogical desires and the evaluations that family members and coaches bring to bear on the activity. This study aims to understand these evaluation strategies, their meaning, and their capitalization by schoolchildren. A multiple case study was conducted, making use of participant observation among 101 schoolchildren aged six years (3 girls and 54 boys) and seven years (2 girls and 42 boys) over one academic year and interviews with 21 teachers from their schools. Family members who were involved on site on a daily basis and the teams’ 10 coaches are included. 204 observation sessions were recorded, including matches and training sessions. The findings highlight a results-driven arbitrariness in the adults’ evaluations, favoring concurrent hetero-evaluation and the comparison of schoolchildren’s performances. This gives rise to situations of symbolic violence and to the child’s self-evaluation being linked to victory over their peers. This study encourages the planning of evaluative spaces for the co-participation of instructors, families, and schools, taking into account the child’s personal growth. To this end, we recommend the harmonization of formative opportunities regardless of schoolchildren’s individual skills.

Barriers to Online Dementia Information and Mitigation.

There is growing interest in HCI to study ways to support access to accurate, accessible, relevant online health information for different populations. Yet, there remains a need to understand the barriers that are posed by the way our platforms are designed as well as how we might overcome these barriers for people with dementia. To address this, we conducted sixteen interviews and observation sessions with people with mild to moderate dementia. Our analysis uncovered four barriers to online health information and corresponding mitigation strategies that participants employed. We discuss how HCI researchers may apply these findings towards new technical approaches and standards concerning information accessibility and credibility for neurodiverse populations. Finally, we broaden the scope of HCI research to include investigations of the accessibility and credibility of online information for people with age-related cognitive impairment independent of proxies.

Застосування методики визначення координат за даними GNSS-спостережень із прив’язкою до мережі активних референцних станцій

One of the main tasks of geodesy is to determine coordinates with high accuracy using GNSS-observations. To perform such tasks in geodesy usually use the relative method of determining the coordinates in static mode. The technique of the relative method is based on determining the coordinates of an unknown point relative to a known one. The coordinates of the base point must be known, often precisely specified on the basis of the State Geodetic Networks. Static mode of observation is most often used to build geodetic networks, because it has the highest accuracy. In this study, the base points were active reference stations, the coordinates of which are set from the weekly combined solution of the GNSS-network. The purpose of the work is to investigate the accuracy of the application of the method of determining the coordinates according to GNSS-observations with reference to the network of active reference stations. Methodology. The data of GNSS-observations performed at the triangulation points of the State Geodetic Network and data of reference stations are used in the work. Based on these data, conditional GNSS-networks were formed for their processing in the software package, which consisted of three reference stations and one triangulation point. The data processing process assumed that the nearest reference stations were taken as a control point, the specified coordinates of which were recorded as control and set in the ETRS2000 system. The obtained sets of coordinates of the same points and stations were transformed into the USK2000 system. The accuracy of the coordinates determined in this way was analyzed on the basis of coordinate differences and their standard deviations. Differences for reference stations were determined relative to the refined weekly coordinates, and for triangulation points relative to the mean. Results. The obtained differences at the points of the state network are within 1–2 cm, acquiring both positive and negative values. The only exception is the fifth observation session, where the differences are 2–4 cm with a positive sign. At the KOVL reference station, the coordinate differences vary from –1.2 cm to +1.8 cm, and at the MEL2 station from 0 cm to 5.4 cm. Coordinate changes at triangulation points were estimated by standard deviations of 2.1 cm, 1.1 cm, and 1.9 cm for XYZ, respectively. The accuracy of all other coordinates of the reference stations is 0.3–1.6 cm, with an average range from –2.7 cm to +1 cm. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The paper shows the method of determining the coordinates in the system USK2000 according to GNSS-observations with reference to the network of active reference stations. The proposed technique allows the use of satellite methods to determine the coordinates in the state system USK2000 with an accuracy of 1–2 cm, as well as significantly speed up and speed up the process of field work.

Music Production Technology in New Nollywood Soundtracks: Context, Application, and the Effect of Globalization

Abstract New Nollywood refers to a segment of Nigerian cinema that began in 2012. The industry is based in Lagos and focuses on Hollywood-style approaches to film and film music. Generally, very little has been written about technologies in the film music of Nigerian cinema. This article is the first to focus explicitly on the impact of modern music production technology in New Nollywood soundtracks. Adopting descriptive as well as survey and historical methods of research, this article reveals what the specific and available technologies for film music in New Nollywood were and currently are; how the practitioners have employed them; as well as how the effects of such technologies have shaped the industry's cultural and economics choices. In addition to a review of the broad literature on cinema and film music, the methodology also relies on studio observation sessions with current industry practitioners as well as an analysis of the New Nollywood film The Bling Lagosians (2019). Taken together, findings reveal that the quality of New Nollywood film music is fluid and reflective of changes to the economic, cultural, and technological preferences of practitioners.

Multicultural Pedagogy: Strengthening Social Interaction Among Multi-Ethnic Pre-School Children

This study explored multicultural pedagogy in pre-school education and how it plays an important role in strengthening the social interactions among children. The Multicultural Pedagogy approach in teaching children has established the multi-ethnic (PERPADUAN/Unity) pre-school. It is a qualitative study with data drawn from observation and interview sessions aimed to identify strategies in nurturing social interaction among multi-ethnic children. Through purposive sampling, a teacher with twenty-five children and parents from various ethnicities were selected. This study revealed that practising multicultural pedagogy reflects the diversity of ethnics strengthening social interaction. The teacher exposed the children to the cultures of every ethnic group to ensure they have understood other cultures from different ethnicity. When the children are exposed to the elements of different cultures, a sense of acceptance and tolerance attitude can be fostered. This strategy nurtured national integration, encouraging interactions among multi-ethnic children, stimulating acceptance and tolerance between children and creating a school environment that reflects the diversity of ethnicities. Core multicultural elements have been found in the PERPADUAN/Unity School. Overall findings from the current study provide new evidence illustrating how multicultural pedagogy implemented strengthens social interaction in early childhood education.

Small Green Spaces in Dense Cities: An Exploratory Study of Perception and Use in Florence, Italy

This study investigates human perception and use of Small Green Spaces (SGS) in a dense Western city (Florence, Italy). While there is some work on social dynamics in large urban parks, empirical studies of SGS are fewer. The research adopts an exploratory approach with a mixed methods strategy (observation sessions, 50 in-depth interviews, and 430 questionnaires). The analysis is framed within a tripartite model of interaction between people and space as spontaneous appropriation of space through the body, senses, and mind. The analysis of use patterns, practices, and conflicts in SGS illustrates how continuous use and proximity make SGS persistent scenarios of users’ daily life, differently from large city parks. Sociality and restorative opportunities afforded by natural features define users’ experiences and SGS appreciation across genders and age groups. The discussion illustrates how the theoretical constructs of functional indetermination and non-normativity explain users’ perception of SGS as open-ended settings, spared from the extensive compression of publicness and commodification of other public spaces in contemporary cities. Implications of the study outcomes are discussed in relation to social cohesion in open public spaces and with the declining sense of urbanity in large cities. Some indications on design, planning, and management of SGS are also suggested.

Classroom Design and Children's Attention Allocation: Beyond the Laboratory and into the Classroom

AbstractPrior laboratory research suggests the visual environment can be a source of distraction for children, reducing attention to instructional tasks and learning outcomes. However, systematic research examining how the visual environment relates to attention in genuine classrooms is rare. In addition, it is unknown what specific aspects of the environment pose a challenge for attention regulation. This observational study aims to (1) provide a nuanced examination of specific elements of the classroom visual environment (e.g., visual noise, display quantity, color variability) by analyzing panoramic classroom photographs (N = 58) and (2) investigate whether specific visual environment elements are related to children's rates of on‐task behavior. Results indicate on‐task behavior was lower in classrooms containing greater quantities of visual noise and color variability, and in classrooms with either relatively small or large amounts of displays (controlling for observation session, school type, student gender, grade‐level, and instructional format). Implications for creating more optimal visual learning environments are discussed.

Separate retrieval of microphysical characteristics in aerosol fractions from laser sensing data

A procedure is proposed for deriving the aerosol microphysical characteristics of the spherical particle, the complex refractivity index m = mreal + i*mimag and the bimodal size distribution function U(r), using laser sensing data at the wavelengths within 355-1064 nm. A possibility of a separate fraction-wise assessment of m + U(r) is studied for weakly absorbing particles for mimag < 0.015, when mfine ≠ mcoarse holds. The reconstruction of the mode-averaged mmean is used in the preliminary stage and provides information on the mmean + U(r, mmean) parameters and the mode difference of mreal in the current observation session. A subsequent transformation of the scattering efficiency factors (integral equation kernels) divides the refractive index with respect to the fractions and gives a correct estimation of mcoarse at different sought-for values of mrealfine and mrealcoarse. A change of the kernels and the region of allowed values of the sought-for U(r) ensures its admissible estimation for both fractions. The algorithms are tested for one mfine (1.50+i*0.01) and nine mcoarse (mreal = 1.40, 1.50, 1.60; mimag = 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01). In order to include the influence of the contribution from the modal particles into the total concentration, 462 empirical models of U(r) are used.

The resilience of the Hospital of Mali to COVID-19 in a context of penuries

The objective of this research is to report the strategies of resilience mobilized by the Hospital of Mali to face Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The data collected within the hospital covered the first months of the pandemic (April to July 2020). A total of 32 semi-structured interviews and 53 observation sessions were conducted. Data analyses were based on a conceptual framework and were conducted using a deductive approach. The results show that, due to the multiple effects of the COVID-19 such as the aggravation of staff penuries, the high workloads, the need to create dedicated infrastructures, the drastic decrease in revenue due to the drop in hospital's attendance, the hospital and its staff implemented multiple strategies (e.g., reduction or postponement of some expenses, requisition of facilities, recruitment of contractual staff and redeployment of some healthcare workers). Those strategies generally allowed to maintain patients access to care, although there were many restrictions for non-COVID-19 patients. The hospital was able to build absorptive resilience. This qualitative research provides a better understanding of hospitals' resilience processes to the COVID-19 pandemic in a hospital setting. Lessons learned from this study should help hospitals managers to design more appropriate and effective responses to future health crises.

High-Rate One-Hourly Updated Ultra-Rapid Multi-GNSS Satellite Clock Offsets Estimation and Its Application in Real-Time Precise Point Positioning

The requirement of timeliness is increasing while obtaining precise tempo-spatial information with the development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). Due to the poor network environment and communication conditions in some regions or application scenarios, it is difficult for users to receive real-time (RT) precise products. The hourly updated ultra-rapid products with low latency and high accuracy are of great interest in GNSS real-time and near-real-time fields. However, it is difficult to achieve the high-rate one-hourly updated precise clock estimation (PCE); since many ambiguity parameters need to be estimated, the computation is time-consuming. At present, the highest time resolution of ultra-rapid clock offsets is 15 min. The low samplings affect the prediction accuracy of clock offsets and the precise point positioning (PPP) performances. To meet these requirements, we proposed an efficient method and design a new framework for high-rate one-hourly updated ultra-rapid PCE. We modified the epoch-difference (ED) PCE model in the parameter estimation. According to the characteristics of the modified ED PCE model, the Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) and Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL) technologies are used to construct a parallel system to realize the parallelism among satellites, epochs, and stations. The comprehensive assessment in the precision of clock offsets and PPP performances is conducted. The result demonstrates that the one-hourly updated multi-GNSS clock offsets with 30 s sampling can be obtained within 20 min. The estimated clock offsets accuracy increases with the improvement of the time resolution. The STD and RMS are improved by (0.97 to 9.09% and 0.12 to 5.56%) in the observation session, (2.82 to 23.08% and 0.95 to 9.09%) in the first hour of the prediction session, and (0.11 to 3.85% and 0.12 to 4.19%) in the second hour of the prediction session compared with low-rate products, respectively. The high-rate one-hourly updated ultra-rapid clock offsets significantly improves the RT-PPP performances. The positioning accuracy can be improved by 1.52~25.74%, and the convergence time can be improved by 21.96~65.75%. The RT-PPP performances are basically the same as GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) rapid products and slightly better than the Center National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) RT products (CLK93). The one-hourly updated ultra-rapid products with low latency, high accuracy, and not limited by network conditions can be well applied to real-time or near real-time applications and research.

An Observational Study on Barbers’ Practices and Associated Health Hazard in Fiji

BACKGROUND: The barbers&amp;rsquo; work is associated to many infectious diseases which lead to major cause of morbidity and mortality in human&amp;rsquo;s population globally. This study aimed to determine barbers&amp;rsquo; practices and health hazards associated with their profession in Fiji. &#x0D; &#x0D; MATERIALS &amp;amp; METHODS: A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted to collect data from 50 observational sessions among barbers in Suva, Fiji in 2020. A sample of 25 barbers were randomly selected to participate in this study. A checklist was used to record and collect data. Out of the 25 barbershops observed none of them carried out any form of sterilization.&#x0D; &#x0D; RESULTS: Only 4 (16%) did some form of disinfection with home bleach and savalon randomly while 84% did not have any form of decontamination in place. The results further illustrate that 22 (88%) of the disinfection were not potent while 3 (12%) were unknown. Similarly, 22 (88%) had inappropriate methods of disinfection and 3 (12%) were questionable. None of the barbershops observed had supply of hot water and only 15 (60%) had sufficient privy and hand washing facilities. Furthermore, only 6 (24%) used PPEs compared to 19 (76%) were in non-compliance.&#x0D; &#x0D; CONCLUSION: This finding calls for immediate attention of authorities to enforce relevant laws and create awareness and training to improve standards in barbering profession.

Emotion Regulation Learning Processes Within two Parenting Systems in the Case of a Foster Preschooler

ABSTRACT Acts of abuse are indicative of a parent's inability to regulate his or her own emotions in an appropriate manner and jeopardize a child's development. Foster care should provide a safe environment both to protect a child from harm and to heal a damaging social-emotional developmental trajectory. How does a child learn to regulate his or her emotions faced with the two different environments of foster home and parental home? This study is based on the use of a microanalytic observation method using a video-recording device in natural settings. It concerns a preschooler, Lola, aged 5, and her birth parents and Foster Mother (FM), who together form her caregivers. To evaluate the evolution of their interactions over a year, three observational sessions were held at an interval of six months. The emotional regulation learning processes used by Lola and her caregivers during playtime were analyzed with Emotion Regulation Strategies (ERS) coding systems in order to build ERS cycles. The analysis of this case showed that Lola learnt to develop language strategies to regulate her emotions with her FM, while exhibiting self-soothing behaviors and distraction strategies with her biological parents. The degree of distress and emotional tension in her birth family had a critical impact on Lola's ERS learning processes. Clinical implications for child care practices are discussed following a clinical psychology perspective.

Manifestations, responses, and consequences of mistreatment of sick newborns and young infants and their parents in health facilities in Kenya.

Despite efforts to incorporate experience of care for women and newborns in global quality standards, there are limited efforts to understand experience of care for sick newborns and young infants. This paper describes the manifestations, responses, and consequences of mistreatment of sick young infants (SYIs), drivers, and parental responses in hospital settings in Kenya. A qualitative formative study to inform the development of strategies for promoting family engagement and respectful care of SYI was conducted in five facilities in Kenya. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with providers and policy makers (n = 35) and parents (n = 25), focus group discussions with women and men (n = 12 groups), and ethnographic observations in each hospital (n = 64 observation sessions). Transcribed data were organized using Nvivo 12 software and analyzed thematically. We identified 5 categories of mistreatment: 1) health system conditions and constraints, including a) failure to meet professional standards, b) delayed provision of care; and c) limited provider skills; 2) stigma and discrimination, due to provider perception of personal hygiene or medical condition, and patient feelings of abandonment; 3) physically inappropriate care, including providers taking blood samples and inserting intravenous lines and nasogastric tubes in a rough manner; or parents being pressured to forcefully feed infants or share unsterile feeding cups to avoid providers' anger; 4) poor parental-provider rapport, expressed as ineffective communication, verbal abuse, perceived disinterest, and non-consented care; and 5) no organized form of bereavement and posthumous care in the case of infant's death. Parental responses to mistreatment were acquiescent or non-confrontational and included feeling humiliated or accepting the situation. Assertive responses were rare but included articulating disappointment by expressing anger, and/or deciding to seek care elsewhere. Mistreatment for SYIs is linked to poor quality of care. To address mistreatment in SYI, interventions that focus on building better communication, responding to the developmental needs of infants and emotional needs for parents, strengthen providers competencies in newborn care, as well as a supportive, enabling environments, will lead to more respectful quality care for newborns and young infants.

\u2018Playlist for Life\u2019 at the end of life: a mixed-methods feasibility study of a personalised music listening intervention in the hospice setting

BackgroundPlaylist for Life is a brief, inexpensive music listening intervention which originated in dementia care, but is increasingly being used for people at the end of life. However, there is a lack of robust empirical research on its application in the hospice setting. Our patient and public involvement group originated the idea for this study. The aim of this feasibility study was to inform the design of a larger effectiveness study on the use of Playlist for Life in the hospice setting.MethodThis study was a mixed-methods feasibility study involving adults at the end of life, family members and hospice staff from one in-patient hospice in Scotland. Eligible patient/family member dyads were approached by hospice staff and if interested, recruited by the researcher. All included participants received the intervention, which involved the provision of an MP3 player and assistance to set up a playlist. Participants were asked to listen to the playlist daily during the intervention period (7 days). Data were collected through patient reported outcome measures and on days 1, 3 and 7 of the intervention period and through participant observation session. Patient/family member dyads and hospice staff also took part in qualitative interviews (Appendix 1) post-intervention, which were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Semi-structured interviews at the end of the intervention period were used to evaluate feasibility and acceptability. An advisory group including patients, family members and staff gave helpful feedback on the qualitative interview questions. Interview questions were the same for all participants and all the questions were asked to all participants.ResultsN = 15 participants were recruited (n = 5 patients, n = 5 family, n = 5 staff. The intervention was appraised positively, particularly regarding its beneficial effect on patient/family relationships. The study design was deemed feasible and acceptable.ConclusionThe findings of this study will inform the development of a future randomised cluster trial designed to assess the usability and effectiveness of the Playlist for Life personalised music intervention.Trial registrationThis study was not registered as this was a small feasibility study, conducted prior to a pilot study not testing for effectiveness. In addition, the study was non-randomised. The study is registered with NHS ethics and the hospice research and governance team

Особенности проведения космического эксперимента «Дубрава» с борта Российского сегмента МКС

The article provides an up-to-date and promising set of tools for conducting «Dubrava» space experiment and features of their usage to maximize number of observation sessions for selected forest areas.