Abstract
The requirement of timeliness is increasing while obtaining precise tempo-spatial information with the development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). Due to the poor network environment and communication conditions in some regions or application scenarios, it is difficult for users to receive real-time (RT) precise products. The hourly updated ultra-rapid products with low latency and high accuracy are of great interest in GNSS real-time and near-real-time fields. However, it is difficult to achieve the high-rate one-hourly updated precise clock estimation (PCE); since many ambiguity parameters need to be estimated, the computation is time-consuming. At present, the highest time resolution of ultra-rapid clock offsets is 15 min. The low samplings affect the prediction accuracy of clock offsets and the precise point positioning (PPP) performances. To meet these requirements, we proposed an efficient method and design a new framework for high-rate one-hourly updated ultra-rapid PCE. We modified the epoch-difference (ED) PCE model in the parameter estimation. According to the characteristics of the modified ED PCE model, the Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) and Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL) technologies are used to construct a parallel system to realize the parallelism among satellites, epochs, and stations. The comprehensive assessment in the precision of clock offsets and PPP performances is conducted. The result demonstrates that the one-hourly updated multi-GNSS clock offsets with 30 s sampling can be obtained within 20 min. The estimated clock offsets accuracy increases with the improvement of the time resolution. The STD and RMS are improved by (0.97 to 9.09% and 0.12 to 5.56%) in the observation session, (2.82 to 23.08% and 0.95 to 9.09%) in the first hour of the prediction session, and (0.11 to 3.85% and 0.12 to 4.19%) in the second hour of the prediction session compared with low-rate products, respectively. The high-rate one-hourly updated ultra-rapid clock offsets significantly improves the RT-PPP performances. The positioning accuracy can be improved by 1.52~25.74%, and the convergence time can be improved by 21.96~65.75%. The RT-PPP performances are basically the same as GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) rapid products and slightly better than the Center National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) RT products (CLK93). The one-hourly updated ultra-rapid products with low latency, high accuracy, and not limited by network conditions can be well applied to real-time or near real-time applications and research.
Highlights
Introduction distributed under the terms and Precise satellite orbits and clock offsets are essential for obtaining precise tempo-spatial information in precise point positioning (PPP), which plays an important role in precise orbit determination (POD) for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, atmospheric retrieval, precise positioning, timing, and so on
We investigate the influence of tropospheric delay on ED clock offsets based on the traditional ED model and further propose the modified ED precise clock estimation (PCE) model to reduce the latency and improve calculation efficiency
Because the highrate one-hourly updated ultra-rapid products are mainly oriented to real-time and near-realtime users, we compared the estimated high-rate clock offsets and real-time clock offsets provided by Center National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) (CLK93) in terms of the clock offsets accuracy and PPP performances
Summary
Introduction distributed under the terms andPrecise satellite orbits and clock offsets are essential for obtaining precise tempo-spatial information in precise point positioning (PPP), which plays an important role in precise orbit determination (POD) for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, atmospheric retrieval, precise positioning, timing, and so on. The International GNSS Service (IGS) has officially provided conditions of the Creative Commons. 2022, 14, 1257 final, rapid, and ultra-rapid products since 5 November 2000 [1]. As summarized in IGS product introductions (https://igs.org/products/#about, accessed on 1 March 2022), the IGS final products with highest precision are delayed for 12~18 days; the rapid products are delayed for 17~41 h [2]. With the development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and the increasing requirements for positioning accuracy and low latency, the final and rapid products can hardly meet the real-time and near-real-time user needs. The ultra-rapid products with low latency and high accuracy are of great interest in GNSS real-time and near-real-time fields. IGS integrated ultra-rapid GPS-only products from eight analysis centers (AC), Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), Natural
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