Observational Research Methods Research Articles

Implementation of Data Mining in Grouping Data of the Poor Using the K-Means Method

Processed, especially data on people who are classified as poor. So that the provision of assistance from the central government or donors is right on target. In village governance, data processing often occurs that is not good and does not use technology, so if any assistance is provided it will make it difficult for the village government to distribute it to poor people. This study aims to classify the data of the poor by implementing data mining and applying the K-means algorithm for grouping data of the poor by applying the K-means algorithm. The research method used is observation research methods and direct interviews to obtain problems and data needed in data processing. The data used is community data. The results of the study obtained that the poor community group was divided into three parts, namely: Poor, Simple, and Able. So it can be seen that there is no shift or change in the data group towards the center of the cluster.

The Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding to the Emotional Development of Children in Lubuk Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency

Breast milk is a complex biological fluid which contains all the nutrients that are useful for the physical growth and development of infants in meeting the needs of foster care (physics-biomedical), compassion (needs for affection/emotions, and sharpening (the need for stimulation). Exclusive breastfeeding is the provision of breast milk to babies from birth to 6 months of age without the addition of other food/drinks. The research method uses observational analytic research methods. Analytical research is research that tries to explore how and why health phenomena occur, then analyzes the dynamics of the correlation between phenomena, namely risk factors and effect factors with a cross-sectional approach by examining the effect of breastfeeding. The results of this study are by using Chi-Square p-value = 0.017 there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and emotional development in toddlers. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and emotional development in toddlers with a p-value of 0.017. The proportion of normal emotional development in toddlers is 62.5% while those that are not normal are 37.5%

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil dengan Sikap dalam Melaksanakan Program 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Monta

The first thousand days of life is a period of growth and development that starts from the formation of the fetus in the womb until the child is two years old. This period is called the golden period or also known as a critical time, which if not utilized properly, permanent damage (window of opportunity) will occur. This research aims to determine the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes in implementing the First 1000 days of life program in the Monta health center working area. This type of research is an analytic observation research method with a cross sectional approach. This research was carried out in some of the working areas of the Monta Community Health Center, namely in the villages of Simpasai, Sie and Pela villages. The research was conducted in June 2023. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the working area of the Monta Health Center. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling of 50 respondents. The data analysis carried out was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The test used was the chi square statistical test with another alternative test, namely the Fisher Excat test with a significance level of p=0.02, HA was accepted because it was proven that there was a relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and attitudes with p<0.05. It was concluded that there was a relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and attitudes in implementing the 1000 HPK program in the PKM Monta work area. Based on the results of this research, it is best for health workers, especially midwives, to collaborate with health agencies that hold outreach activities in order to increase the knowledge and information of pregnant women about the first 1000 days of life so that they can motivate the attitudes of pregnant women about the first 1000 days of life.

Overview of Computer Networks for Data Transmission at Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Network quality monitoring can provide services in the provision of computer network performance in the provision of data transmission according to the level of aspects related to the performance of network infrastructure systems and the number of clients operating for each computer. During the day, at certain hours, many subscribers use the network when the connection is blocked, and the graphics on the screen reach their highest levels. By monitoring computer network installation graphics, Axence netTools software needs to know bandwidth management to overcome network congestion by analyzing the QoS (quality of service) of computer network data transmission. The purpose of this study is to provide quality of service presentation material on LAN infrastructure performance using the TIPHON standard to measure LAN performance and analyze the factors that influence the results of quality of service measurements and obtain packet loss, delay, jitter based on class classification and average bandwidth value, according to TIPHON. The research method used is observation, interviews, literature study, monitoring, and qualitative descriptive research methods. The results showed that the percentage value of quality of service based on the TIPHON standardization was 66.66%. This result was classified as "unsatisfactory" because the average packet loss was 40%. The average percentage of delay is 115ms, and the average percentage of jitter is 7.5ms. The factors that affect the QoS index results are the distance of computer network transmission facilities and the need to monitor computer networks when adding and maximizing bandwidth according to TIPHON standards.

Encountering grasslands: a collective approach to urban biodiversity

While the prolific nature of many grass and herbaceous species in urban parks offers an opportunity to cultivate more biodiverse and dynamic grasslands, widespread maintenance practices and complex cultural, economic, and bureaucratic forces often result in the undervaluing and regular destruction of these plant species. The research described in this paper reimagines the way grassy landscapes are cared for and understood in urban environments. Located in an urban park in inner Sydney, Australia, and using design research methods of observation, physical care, storytelling and installation, the research proposes three “frames of care” to assist landscape architects and other spatial designers to engage with communities at a local level. The frames have the potential to expand collective understandings of grassland communities, test alternative maintenance practices, and better support urban biodiversity and seasonal flux. With acknowledgment to the complexities of urban sites such as these, experimental installation provided a promising space to meaningfully engage with the local community and build a foundation to generate greater reciprocity between humans and non-humans of the site.

Management strategy of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infectious wounds

Objective: To investigate the surgical treatment methods of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infectious wounds and to evaluate the clinical effects. Methods: The retrospective observational research method was used. Twelve patients with femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infectious wounds who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Wuxi Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University) from October 2014 to September 2022, including 6 males and 6 females, aged from 46 to 78 years. In the primary operation, debridement, tumor resection, and artery suture/venous grafting to repair the artery/artery ligation were performed, and the wound area after tumor resection ranged from 4.0 cm×1.5 cm to 12.0 cm×6.5 cm. Wounds that could be sutured were treated with tension reduction suture and extracutaneous continuous vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), while large wounds that could not be sutured were treated with VSD to control infection. In the secondary operation, tension reduction suture was performed to repair the wounds that could be sutured; large wounds were repaired with adjacent translocated flaps with area of 9.0 cm×5.0 cm to 15.0 cm×7.0 cm. Additionally, when the length of the exposed femoral artery was equal to or over 3.0 cm, the wounds were repaired with additional rectus femoris muscle flap with length of 15.0 to 18.0 cm. The donor areas of the flaps were directly sutured. The wound with artery ligation was treated with stamp skin grafting and continuous VSD. The bacterial culture results of the wound exudate samples on admission were recorded. The intraoperative blood loss, the location of femoral artery rupture, the artery treatment method, and the wound repair method in the primary operation were recorded, and the durations of catheter lavage, catheter drainage, and VSD treatment, and the drainage volume after the operation were recorded. The repair method of wounds in the secondary operation, the durations of catheter drainage and VSD treatment, and the total drainage volume after the operation were recorded. The survivals of flap/muscle flap/stamp skin grafts were observed, and the wound healing time was recorded. Follow-up after discharge was performed to evaluate the quality of wound healing and the walking function and to check whether the pulsatile mass disappeared. B-ultrasound or computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed again to observe potential pseudoaneurysm recurrence and evaluate the patency of blood flow of the femoral artery. Results: The bacterial culture results of wound exudate samples of all the patients were positive on admission. The blood loss was 150 to 750 mL in the primary operation. The arterial ruptures were located in the femoral artery in 8 cases, in the external iliac artery in 2 cases, and in the femoral arteriovenous fistula in 2 cases. Six cases received direct artery suture, 4 cases received autologous great saphenous vein grafting to repair the artery, 1 case received autologous great saphenous vein bypass surgery, and 1 case received artery ligation. The primary wound suture was performed in 4 cases, along with catheter lavage for 3 to 5 days, catheter drainage for 4 to 6 days, VSD treatment for 5 to 7 days, and a total drainage volume of 80 to 450 mL after the surgery. In the secondary operation, the wounds were sutured directly in 3 cases along with catheter drainage for 2 to 3 days, the wound was repaired with scalp stamp skin graft and VSD treatment for 5 days in 1 case, the wounds were repaired with adjacent translocated flaps in 2 cases with catheter drainage for 2 to 3 days, and the wounds were repaired with rectus femoris muscle flaps+adjacent translocated flaps in 2 cases with catheter drainage for 3 to 5 days . The total drainage volume after the secondary operation ranged from 150 to 400 mL. All the skin flaps/muscle flaps/skin grafts survived after operation. The wound healing time ranged from 15 to 36 days after the primary operation. Follow-up of 2 to 8 months after discharge showed that the wounds of all patients healed well. One patient who underwent femoral artery ligation had calf amputation due to foot ischemic necrosis, and the rest of the patients regained normal walking ability. The pulsatile mass disappeared in inguinal region of all patients. B-ultrasound or CTA re-examination in 6 patients showed that the blood flow of femoral artery had good patency, and there was no pseudoaneurysm recurrence. Conclusions: Early debridement, tumor resection, and individualized artery treatment should be performed in patients with femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infected wounds. Besides, proper drainage and personalized repair strategy should be conducted according to the wound condition to achieve a good outcome.

Sensory Ecofeminism for Heritage, Tourism, and Sustainability in Mauritius

Worldwide, UNESCO provides a global and authorized set of protocols for the conservation of heritage. The organization has long framed the discourse and practice of cultural heritage management. At the Hangzhou International Congress in 2013, UNESCO declared culture as key to development, thereby confirming the role of culture and cultural heritage in sustainable development. In this article, attention is given to emerging sensory ecofeminism and its links to heritage and tourism in Mauritius, specifically in “unauthorized” heritage management locales and hotel settings. The research problem engaged in this study is that globally, heritage conservation is perceived as being of primary interest to UNESCO, the prerogative of authorized professionals and nominated heritage sites. The goal of the research is to understand the manifestation of cultural heritage and its management in coastal locales and how coastal sites and “unauthorized” heritage managers, hitherto not included in national heritage discourse and practice, may advance inclusive heritage management. Using the anthropological research methods of semi-structured interviews and participant observation to produce ethnographic data in 2022, this study finds that a selection of luxury hotels in Mauritius advances a gender-influenced and ecofeminist discourse that supports heritage, tourism, and sustainability in Mauritius. The conclusion of this study is that “unauthorized” heritage management processes and practices in luxury hotels and tourism establishments can be gender and community inclusive, sensitive to various social hierarchies, and required to achieve environmental sustainability. It is recommended that national heritage institutions and practitioners give more attention to the diverse, often unexpected locales for heritage conservation and inclusion.

Identifying social behaviours related to disease transmission in banded mongoose from accelerometer data

Abstract Current methods for identifying and predicting infectious disease dynamics in wildlife populations are limited. Pathogen transmission dynamics can be complex, influenced by behavioural interactions between and among hosts, pathogens and their environments. These behaviours may also be influenced directly by observers, with observational research methods being limited to habituated species. Banded mongoose Mungos mungo are social, medium size carnivores infected with the novel tuberculosis pathogen Mycobacterium mungi. This pathogen is principally transmitted during normal olfactory communication behaviours. Banded mongoose behavioural responses to humans change over the landscape, limiting the use of direct observational approaches in areas where mongoose are threatened and flee. The accelerometers in bio‐logging devices have been used previously to identify distinct behaviours in wildlife species, providing a tool to quantifying specific behaviours in ecological studies. We deployed Axy‐5X model accelerometers (TechnoSmArt) on captive mongoose to determine whether accelerometers could be used to identify key mongoose behavioural activities previously associated with M. mungi transmission. After two collaring periods, we determined that three distinct behavioural activities could be identified in the accelerometer data: bipedal vertical vigilance, running and scent marking activity; behaviours that have been shown to vary across land type in the banded mongoose. Results from this work advance current data analytics and provide modifications to data analysis works flows, updating and expanding upon current methodologies. We also provide preliminary evidence of successful mathematical classification of the target behaviours, supporting the future use of these devices. Methods applied here may allow model estimates of M. mungi transmission in free‐ranging mongoose to be refined with possible application to other systems where direct observation approaches have limited application.

The Impact of Student-Centered Teaching and Problem-Based Learning on University English Language Courses

Key words: innovative approach, problem, learning a language, quality of education, theoretical and empirical method, level of language Over the last few years, educational reforms have been rapidly implemented using innovative approaches. The need to try new approaches to teaching languages and the issue of improving the quality of education, have become increasingly urgent. Therefore, programs in curriculum development can definitely not adopt Problem-Based Learning (PBL) as a higher education strategy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between student-centered teaching approach and problem-based learning in the context of language teaching. Problem-based learning is a method where complex, contemporary problems are used as a way to lead students develop their critical thinking. In addition to the content of the course, problem-based learning can stimulate critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities and communication skills. It also gives students opportunity to work in groups, find research materials, as well as develop skill in self-monitoring and self-evaluation. The study was conducted using theoretical-empirical research methods of observation, description, comparison, contrast and analysis. As a result, students demonstrated a higher level of motivation to learn and achieved more impressive learning outcome. In particular, this study highlights the importance of combining students’ learning abilities with the right types of learning activities. The problem-centered approach also promoted the acquisition of new and relevant knowledge, creating free and relaxed atmosphere. Students agreed that were motivated to learn and use the English language (89 %). However, some students (60 %) claimed that they lacked time to spend on problem solving and sometimes they had difficulty in finding relevant materials. Among the four basic language skills, respondents rated reading skills as the most effective in problem-based learning and accepted that problem-based learning had a moderate effect both on their vocabulary and grammar.

Tingkat konsentrasi dan fungsi kognitif wanita pekerja usia 40-50 Tahun yang mengikuti senam zumba dan yoga

The problem is that women aged 40-50 years experience psychological changes such as decreased levels of concentration and cognitive function, especially for a worker. The aim is to determine the level of concentration and cognitive function of working women aged 40-50 years following Zumba and yoga exercises. Observational research method with cross sectional design. The research subjects were 20 working women aged 40-50 years, using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used a concentration grid exercise questionnaire and a mini mental state examination. The result is that the Zumba class has very little concentration (60%) and less concentration (40%). The yoga class has very less concentration (20%) and less concentration (80%). The results of the Zumba class cognitive function tests in the normal category have a percentage (60%) and the probable category of cognitive impairment (40%). The results of cognitive function in the yoga class in the normal category have a percentage of (90%) and the probable category of cognitive impairment (10%). In conclusion, the concentration level of working women aged 40-50 years is mostly in the very low concentration category. The results of the cognitive function of the Zumba and yoga classes were mostly in the normal category.

Pengetahuan Bahaya Kebakaran Dengan Perilaku Pengendalian Kebakaran Di PT Indo Acidatama TBK Karanganyar

The chemical industry is an industry that involves chemical substances in the manufacturing process. Industries that produce or manage chemical-based materials are categorized as having a high level of fire risk. Based on materials and production products that come from flammable materials that have potential fire and explosion hazard caused by machines, unsafe workplaces and unsafe action. This research aims to determine the correlation between the level of knowledge of fire hazards with fire control behavior. The method in this research is an analytical observational research method with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents in this study were employees of PT Indo Acidatama Tbk in the Mechanical and Electrical department with a population of 55 respondents. The sampling technique uses the total sampling technique. The measuring instrument in this research is a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge of fire hazards and also fire control behavior that have been tested for validity and reability with a cronbach alpha value =0.876. The data analysis technique used is the Somers'd correlation test analysis. The results of the Somers’d correlation test indicate that there is a significant correlation between the variables level of knowledge of fire hazards with fire control behavior with a significance value of p value =0.000 (p value <0.05), and a correlation coefficient value of r =0.838 with a positive correlation direction (+). There is a significant correlations between the level of knowledge of fire hazards with fire control behavior with a positive relationship direction. Improved knowledge will improve occupant control behavior in fire control.

Integration and impact of pharmacists in general practice internationally: A rapid review.

English general practices have been facing ongoing pressures, arising from complicated health care needs and the recent pandemic. To overcome these pressures and reduce the workload of general practitioners, there have been extensive attempts to integrate pharmacists into general practices. A number of literature reviews, often systematic, have partially explored the topic of general practice-based pharmacists (GPBPs) internationally. Our aim was to further explore the employment/integration models of GPBPs and their actual activities and impact, concepts that have not been thoroughly investigated by previous reviews. Two databases were searched from inception to June 2021 for studies published in the English language. Results were independently screened by two reviewers to establish eligibility for inclusion. Original research studies, or protocols where results had not been released at the time of search, that reported on services provided by pharmacists with some sort of integration into general practices were included. The studies were analysed using narrative synthesis. Searches identified 3206 studies in total, of which 75 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of participants involved and methodologies employed. Integration of pharmacists into general practices has occurred in several countries, with funds originating from multiple sources. Several employment models for GPBPs were described - for example, part-time and full-time work and/or coverage of multiple or single practices. GPBP activities, with some exceptions, were comparable between different countries, with medication reviews being the most common task globally. GPBP impact was identified through both observational and/or interventional research methods, by pursuing a large variety of measures (e.g. activity volume, contact with patients, perceptions/experiences, and patient outcomes). Independent, quantifiable outcomes from GPBP activities were all positive but were of varying statistical significance. Our findings suggest that GPBP services can lead to positive, quantifiable outcomes, mainly in relation to medication use. This shows the usefulness of GPBP services. The findings of this review can help policy makers decide how best to implement and fund GPBP services, and how to identify and measure GPBP impact.

Implementation of Cartoon Animation Based Media to Enhance the Learning of Islamic Studies Education at SMK Ar-Rahma Carat Gempol Pasuruan

The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation of cartoon-based media in improving the learning of Islamic religious education at SMK Ar-Rahma Carat Gempol Pasuruan. The type used in this research is descriptive qualitative type, the data sources used are primary data sources and secondary data sources with observation, interview and documentation research methods. The findings of this study are (1) The use of cartoon animation media can attract students' attention and can increase students' interest in teaching and learning activities. (2) The advantages of using cartoon animation media are that it can make students more enthusiastic and interested, and can make students understand the material presented, so that students are motivated to participate in learning activities. (3) The weakness of using this animation media is inadequate facilities such as lack of projectors, so it can hinder the progress of learning activities. (4) The solution to overcome the weaknesses is that before using animation media as learning materials, it would be better if the teacher prepares the material to be taught, the teacher pays attention to the students' sitting position so that it is routinely rolled from front to back and vice versa, so that when the animation video is played, students can see clearly and added with several other projectors. To create a conducive and comfortable atmosphere, and to provide some questions for the students when the learning process is completed.

Description of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) Worms Infection in Coconut Farmers in Guntung Village, Batu Bara District, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract: Worms or often calledSoil Transmitted Helminths (STH) is a disease of the human body caused by intestinal nematode worm infection. One of the transmission of this worm is generally through soil media. STH species include roundworms, whips, mines. Farmers as one of the professions in the community have a great risk of being infected with STH, which is more than 70%. The majority of agricultural land in Guntung Village supports working as a farmer. Factors that cause helminth infections are related to poor environmental hygiene and unhealthy lifestyles. This study aims to determine the description of infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infarmer coconut inGuntung Village, Batu Bara District. This study uses observational research methods (non-experimental) with descriptive research criteria. The number of samples is 50 faeces fromfarmer in Guntung Village, Batu Bara District. The results of the stool examination by the flotation method found that 12 respondents (24%) were positively infected with STH, namely hookworm eggs. The conclusion of this study is the possibility of farmers who are positive because they come from other environments, not from agricultural land and soil in their home environment. Therefore suggestions for the community or farmers can increase knowledge about the transmission and prevention of STH infections, increase awareness to carepersonal hygiene as well as sanitation of the surrounding environment and being able to take deworming medication for treatment of STH-infected farmers.

Association of Incidences of Burns and Place of Occurrence - Investigative Approach among Victims of Domestic Violence

Background: Burn injuries are the trauma to live human tissue as result of some burning source including fire, flame, heat, electricity or some chemical. The interrelated intricate complexity of the place of occurrence and incidents of burns had long been a scope of interest to medical and medicolegal personnel. Aim: To investigate the association of incidences of burns with their place of occurrence. Methodology: The research data has been collected from the victims of domestic burn presenting in the Accident and Emergency Department (AED) Jinnah Hospital Lahore and filtered at the medicolegal clinic of Alama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. A total of 250 burns of domestic violence were registered from January 2018 to August 2018 and were included in the study after fulfilling the exclusion and exclusion criteria. Observation research method was carried out with descriptive cross-sectional study design by applying quantitative questionnaire as a data collection tool. The study population consisted of the rural and urban areas of the area of drainage of the said research settings. Results: The study revealed highly significant association with medium of burns and place of occurrence grossly taking place at home with scalds as most frequent medium with 0.000 significant p value. Single or unmarried population was strongly associated with p value 0.004 facing burn injuries at home. Professional population versus amateur had also shown strong association for place of occurrence as home for burn injuries with p value 0.021 though less marked in professional population. The study concludes that scalds as commonest medium, single unmarried persons involved more than married ones and home of the victim was an easy target for the perpetrators. Conclusion: The study revealed strong association of medium of burns, marital status and proficiency of the population for incidence of burns frequently had home setting as a place of occurrence. Keywords: Burns, Domestic Violence, Place of Occurrence, Incidences of Burns

Analisis Kriminologi Perilaku Seks Menyimpang Warga Binaan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Provinsi Gorontalo

This research focuses on implementation, benefits, and to find out the problems faced in the treatment of inmates with deviant sexual behavior. This study raises the issue of how legal protection is given to victims of inmates with deviant sexual behavior in Class IIA Gorontalo Correctional Institutions and what are the obstacles faced by correctional officers in providing legal protection to victims of inmates with deviant sexual behavior. This study used interview and observation research methods, which described the treatment of inmates with deviant sexual behavior, then analyzed and concluded using a qualitative approach. Based on the analysis, it was found that the treatment of inmates with deviant sexual behavior was considered very necessary. Inmates with deviant sexual behavior have characteristics that are unique and different from other inmates in general. In general, inmates with deviant sexual behavior scattered in prisons throughout Indonesia are men who look like women or who like the same sex. Inmates with deviant sexual behavior are very vulnerable to bad treatment by other inmates, and can also have a negative influence on other inmates. Special treatment for inmates with deviant sexual behavior is deemed necessary, starting from placement in individual blocks to special coaching. There are obstacles encountered in its implementation, including the procurement of individual blocks of inmates with deviant sexual behavior and the understanding of Correctional Officers about the problems and deviations that will be caused by the presence of inmates with deviant sexual behavior in correctional institutions.

Analysis of the Role of Socialization, Experience and Perception of Nurses on the Application of Occupational Safety and Health

Introduction: Occupational Health and Safety (K3) is an effort in order to ensure the integrity and perfection of both physical and spiritual labor, their work and culture towards a prosperous and prosperous society. The purpose of implementing K3 is for workers to obtain a high degree of health, both in terms of physical, mental, and social with various efforts made. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of the role of socialization, experience and perception of nurses on the implementation of the occupational health and safety management system at Taman Husada Bontang Hospital. Methods: Quantitative research design with observational analytic research methods cross-sectional approach. The population of all nurses at Taman Husada Bontang Hospital was 252 respondents. The sample of some nurses at Taman Husada Bontang Hospital was 154 respondents with proportional random sampling. Independent variables of socialization roles, experiences, and perceptions of nurses. The dependent variable of the implementation of the occupational health and safety management system. Results: The results of the study using linear regression analysis (R Square = 0.058) showed the influence of socialization role variables (p = 0.029), and there was no influence of experience variables (p = 0.339) and nurse perceptions (p = 0.172) on the application of occupational safety and health. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the most influential variable on the application of occupational safety and health was the role of socialization (p = 0.029 and B = 0.240). Conclusion: It is expected that nurses should continue to develop knowledge and skills in the field of nursing management, especially related to Occupational Health and Safety (K3) so that the services provided can be more optimal and of high quality without forgetting the level of health and safety for nursing care providers.

The Effect Of Maternity Position On The Length Of Labor Time During The Active Phase Of Primigravida

Normal delivery is the process of fetal discharge and ari-ari in mothers with full-term pregnancy at the time of delivery, the mother needs special support in determining the position of labor because she has not had previous experience, especially in primigravida mothers. The choice of labor position is very important for the mother because the position can provide comfort and can facilitate the progress of labor. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of both variables, namely the position of labor and the length of labor. Observational analytical research method with post test approach with design two experiments, a sample of 26 people consisting of 2 groups, 13 people in squatting and standing position groups and 13 people sitting middle position and left tilt with accidental sampling techniques, research in RB Cahaya 2 Lubuk Pakam, data collection using partograph sheets, data results tested with Simple t test. The results showed that there was an influence of Maternity Position on the length of labor time during the active phase of Primigravida with a p-value 0,00. It is recommended to all mothers who give birth to be able to choose the right position so that labor can take place smoothly and it is also recommended to husbands and health workers to support the positions of mothers who will give birth.

Studi Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) Vaksin Covid-19 Pada Pelajar Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bojong I

<p><em>The vaccination program that was intensified by the government for students aged 16-18 years aims to support the preparation for the implementation of limited Face-to-face Learning (PTM) in the regions. Although the vaccines used in Indonesia in the national immunization program are declared safe and effective, there is no single type of vaccine that is guaranteed to be free of side effects or AEFI (Post Immunization Adverse Events)</em><em>. Therefore, this study is being conducted to find out whether there are AEFIs that occur a lot in the Covid-19 vaccine in students in the Bojong I Health Center Work Area</em><em>. This research method uses an observational analytic research method by collecting data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability then data is collected from respondents via google form which is validated via whatsapp, after the data is obtained then univariate analysis is carried out with IBM SPSS version 25 Result : The results showed that there were 135 students who lived in the working area of the Bojong I Health Center aged 16-18 years who had received a phase 2 vaccine dose. The most common AEFIs were muscle pain with the first order occurring in the Moderna vaccine as many as 14 students with 63.63% , the two Pfizer vaccines were 6 students with 42.85%, the three Sinovac vaccines were 32 students with 36.78%, and finally the AstraZeneca vaccine was 14 students with 33.33%, the most common AEFI that occurred next was weakness/sluggishness with the first order occurred in the Moderna vaccine as many as 11 students with 50%, the second Sinovac vaccine with 35 students with 40.22%, the third Pfizer with 5 students with 35.71%, and finally AstraZeneca with 2 students 16.66%</em><em>.</em></p><p> </p><p> </p>

Lean Thinking Approach for Sustainable Improvement of Outpatient Pharmaceutical Service Processes at Sawerigading Hospital

Patients who have had an examination at the polyclinic will get medicine at the pharmacy, especially outpatients. The pharmacy installation is the last unit that determines the quality of hospital services, so the quality of pharmacy installation services will affect other related units. This study aims to identify value and waste using Lean Thinking approach in pharmaceutical services, especially during waiting times, the time lag that patients receive when submitting a prescription to receiving the drug that has been prescribed. It has four indicators: waiting time for finished drug service ≤ 30 minutes and concoction drugs ≤ 60 minutes, no drug administration errors 100%, customer satisfaction ≥ 80%, and prescription writing according to the formulary 100%. This research used a qualitative approach using the observational action process research method using the lean thinking method to photograph the process flow of outpatient pharmacy services conducted from mid-November to December 2022 at RSUD Sawerigading City of Palopo. Fifteen people became samples to receive the drug and joined structured in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using Excel with lean thinking. The study results were categorized as lean and proposed improvements to the management support section. Lean thinking could create effective and efficient pharmaceutical governance to improve service quality.