Observational Research Methods Research Articles

DAMPAK PENERAPAN DIGITALISASI ARSIP DI DESA CIBOGO KEC.CIBOGO, KAB.SUBANG TERHADAP KEGIATAN PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT

The ever-increasing development of digitalization has made village governments begin to apply it in the process of providing services to the community and in the process helps facilitate the work carried out by employees, thereby making the service process fast and easy. Digital archives are used to simplify the process of searching for archives that have been created and reduce physical archives that require space for storage. By using observation and interview research methods as well as system development methods using waterfall, the results obtained from this research are that the digital archive system can run well and can be used by users. If a digital archive system is compared with conventional archives, the result is that digital archives can improve service quality, making it easier for employees to manage archives. Digital archives can reduce paper use by 50 percent, thereby reducing environmental impacts caused by paper use, such as cutting down trees and pollution from the use of chemicals

Understanding Embodiment and Existentialism in Contemporary Chinese Dance

This paper employs the theoretical framework of phenomenology of the body to explore embodiment and existentialism in contemporary Chinese dance. With the backdrop of the current status and influence of Chinese contemporary dance in the realm of dance arts, it analyzes the unique forms and techniques of bodily expression in Chinese contemporary dance, attempting to explore how personal emotions, inner experiences, and spiritual states are conveyed through bodily expression in Chinese contemporary dance. The paper utilizes case analysis and observational research methods to delve into the cognition of bodily expression and identity construction in Chinese contemporary dance, as well as how the body is used to reflect on the cognition and positioning of Chinese traditional and modern cultural identities, exploring the diversity and changes in Chinese cultural identity. Finally, by applying Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body theory, it deeply analyzes the significance and existentialism of bodily expression in contemporary Chinese dance, experiencing and understanding the relationship between bodily subjectivity and self through dance. Through these studies, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexity and diversity of bodily expression in contemporary Chinese dance, enabling dancers to reassess their ability to express emotions, as well as the application and insights of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body therein.

The Accuracy of using Antibiotics with the Gyssens Method on MDRO Events and its Impact on Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) and Length of stay at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung

Evaluation of antibiotics in terms of the quality of antibiotic use was carried out using the Gyssens method to evaluate the accuracy of the use of MDRO incidence antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of the accuracy of antibiotic use on the incidence of MDRO and its impact on cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) and length of stay at Dr. Iskak Hospital Tulungagung. Research design in the form of quantitative research with case control analytical observational research methods with a retrospective approach. The research samples were some employees at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulunggung Regency as many as 50 case groups and 50 control groups with sampling techniques using the simple random sampling method. Data analysis using Path Analysis. The results showed that the punctuality variable of antibiotic administration had an indirect influence on the variable length of hospitalization days of -0.065, indicating that the timeliness of antibiotic administration would affect the length of hospitalization days must pass the MDRO incidence of -0.194. The variable accuracy of antibiotic administration has a direct effect on the length of days of treatment by -0.522. The variables of timeliness of antibiotic administration and the accuracy of the duration of antibiotic administration have a direct influence on the cost effective analysis of -0.191 and -0.426 without passing the MDRO event. Revise antibiogram guidelines, Increase monitoring activities for the use of antibiotics regularly, Increase teamwork of health professionals in an effort to improve the quality of antibiotic use and prevention of MDRO.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Incidence of Hais (Healthcare Associated Infections) in the Inpatient of Dr. Iskak Hospital Tulungagung

One of the efforts to prevent and stop the incidence of infection in health care facilities is to break or eliminate the chain of transmission of infection consisting of 6 components (infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission method, portal of entry, suscptible host). Prevention can also be done by observing the risk factors and characteristics of the patient. The purpose of the study was to analyze factors that affect the incidence of HAIs (healthcare associated infections) in the inpatient of RSUD dr Iskak Tulungagung. The research design is in the form of quantitative research with case control analytical observational research methods with a retrospective approach. The research samples were some employees at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulunggung Regency as many as 83 case groups and 83 control groups with sampling techniques using the simple random sampling method. The results showed that the factors that influence the incidence of HAIs at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung is an invasive action, a type of microorganism germ and the length of the day of treatment. While the most dominant factor affects the incidence of HAIs at RSUD dr. Iskak is the length of days of treatment with an OR of 5.256, meaning that the factor of length of days of care is 5 times more influential on the increase in the incidence of HAIs at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung. Providing appropriate prophylactic antibiotics, balanced nutrition and vaccination to patients are steps that must be taken to help the patient's immune system remain in a state of being able to fight infection.

Descriptions of Child Developmental Disorders Living Around Gold Mining

Living around the gold mining area, at risk of exposure to mercury (Hg). Pregnant women exposed to Hg alkyl can cause fetal brain damage so that the baby is born with d efects. This is due to the target toxicity of Hg, especially the organic metal compounds are the nervous system. Based on a child development screening questionnaire, ±100 children were questioned about their development, motor development, language and social interaction. This research was to see a picture of the development of children living around the Gold Mining village of Kalirejo, Kokap district, Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta. The Longitudinal Observational Research Method with serial measurement measured the level of child development in five domains: cognitive, linguistic, motor, social, emotional and behavioral (adaptive behavior) with the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID III) against 16 infants in the age range of 2-14 weeks (stage I) and 14-26 weeks. (tahap II). The baby's development observations resulted in an average composite development score of 85. Stage I obtained composite scores of cognitive domain; 102.81, language; 107.38, motor: 98.94, social emotional: 100,63 and behavioral: 90.00, while Stage II of each domain had the same scores as 105.94 : cognitive, 105.38: language, 104.81: motor, social-emotional: 98,69 and behavioural: 92.44. The conclusion that the composite child development score was in the average range of 90 - 109 for all domains, means that the child development composite score was still within the normal range (85-115), indicating that there is no developmental impediment. It is recommended to reduce Hg exposure, provide optimal nutrition to the baby and enhance developmental interventions with stimulation to stimulate auditorium, visual, tactile and kinesthetic, thereby improving the quantity and quality of brain cell synapses, to optimize brain function.

Aesthetics and Choreography of Bharatanatyam

The word “Aesthetic” in the context of Indian Aesthetics means “Science and philosophy of Fine Art” Bharathe muni wrote the theoretical treatise Natyasastra on Indian performing Arts including theatre, dance acting, and Music. Natyasastra is said to explain Indian aesthetics. Natyasastra is the scientific explanation of classical Indian dances. In this context, Bharatanatyam is also grounded in the principles of the Natyashastra. This research highlights how aesthetic aspects permeate Bharathanatya choreography, which involves designing the dance according to the rhythm of the ragas, along with abhinaya, bhava, and rasa. The choreography of Bharatanatyam is based on body parts and body shape( body proposition) by various elements, including positions (sthāna), hand gestures (mudra), neck movements, eye movements, head movements, karanas, mandalas, and charis. In Bharatanatyam, the body and the shape of the body (including the organs) are the basic source. Beauty is associated with interpretation. Deciphering the symbols means interpretation. The purpose of this study is to explore how aesthetic aspects play an important role in the creation of Bharatanatyam choreography, as Bharatanatyam is an art of both design and creativity this study uses the descriptive research method, observational research method, and qualitative research method. It is descriptive in the sense that it explains the aesthetics of Bharatanatyam choreography and observational since it observes the aesthetic aspects of Bharatanatyam choreography which is method-based. Moreover, the study examines the aesthetic expressions of the performers, who also serve as observers of the art form... When Bharatanatyam is designed with aesthetic aspects in mind, it becomes a powerful and valuable dance form. Systematically, organizing and expressing choreography with these aesthetic elements leads to seamless creativity, effective communication with the audience, relevance for future generations, and the preservation of socio-cultural values.

ANALYSIS OF COST EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN TYPHOD FEVER PATIENTS AT KARTINI RANGKASBITUNG HOSPITAL IN 2022

The high prevalence rate of typhoid fever is one of the health problems in Indonesia. Antibiotic therapy is the only therapy that can be used to treat the main cause of typhoid fever. Antibiotics are a type of drug therapy that requires a lot of budgets to procure. This study aims to find out the most cost-effective type of antibiotic for treating typhoid fever. This research was conducted at Kartini Rangkasbitung Hospital using observational research methods with a cross-sectional approach. The data used uses secondary data conducted retrospectively. This research uses medical record data and cost data. This study was divided into three groups, namely ciprofloxacin tablets, intravenous ceftriaxone, levofloxacin tablets and intravenous levofloxacin. Based on the calculation results, the ACER value of ceftriaxone is IDR 2,955,250, the ACER value of IV levofloxacin is IDR 2,727,306, and the ACER value of levofloxacin tablets is IDR 3,047,337. The ICER value from the comparison between levofloxacin tablets and ceftriaxone is IDR 43,250. The most cost-effective antibiotic is the antibiotic levofloxacin in intravenous form.

Challenges and Urgent Need of Solid Waste Management in Rudrapur City, US Nagar Uttarakhand

The rapid expansion of urban areas (horizontal and vertical) that occurred throughout the 20th century transformed urban areas into areas that required environmental problems that most urban cities have to face on a global scale. With the rapidly growing population in the urban centers, SWM is turning into a notable environmental challenge and an advent issue, especially in the urban areas (MC) of Uttarakhand. Open throwing and dumping of un-segregated SW pollute the freshwater streams also and open disposal and burning of SW are the main reasons for the adversely affected urban environment, i.e., air pollution, air quality, smog etc. The lack of appropriate SWM facilities has seriously threatened the urban areas. Growing amounts of consumption and waste production combined high-density low-income living Cities, i.e. Rudrapur. Improper management of SWM is just one of the major present problems facing the Rudrapur MC, which are environmental loss, degradation of water and air quality and urban health problems also related to untreated SW throwing, depositing in different parts of urban areas. The present study is based on observation and exploratory research methods by using both primary and secondary data which was collected during a field survey of Rudrapur MC. The entire Rudrapur MC generated a huge amount of SW in quantities comparable to the very small amount collected and transferred to a disposal and treatment site by the MC. Insufficient methods of solid waste collection and transportation in Rudrapur city are not so much improved and there is little access to municipal vehicles for SW collection, transfer and transportation to the final disposal.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Pencak Silat Extracurricular Participants at SMK Angkasa

The aim of this research is to determine cardiorespiratory fitness in students who take part in the Pencak silat extracurricular at SMK 1 Angkasa. This type of research uses a non-experimental category with descriptive observational research methods. The population of this study consisted of 10 students participating in the Pencak Silat extracurricular with an age range of 16-18. This research used an instrument in the form of the 6MWT (6 minutes walking test). The research results prove that the average expected distance that can be covered by SMK 1 Angkasa Pencak Silat participants is around 769m, while the research results prove that the average distance covered by students is around 461m. The next data result for the expected percentage is 80.09% while the research results prove that the average percentage of SMK 1 Angkasa Pencak Silat participants is 60.01%.

Analysis of injury risk levels in young footballers: A review of functional movement screens and static balance scores

: Injury or wound is damage to the structure or function of the body due to physical force or pressure. This study aims to analyze the risk of injury in young footballers in terms of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) based on static balance scores. This study used a descriptive observational research method. The subjects were 31 young footballers (age 13.6±0.5 years, BMI 19.5±2.2 kg/m², TD 15.5±10 months). The data collection instrument involved FMS and Stand Stork Test (SST). The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study found that the FMS score with a high injury risk category was 6.45% in the SST poor category. Meanwhile, FMS scores in the moderate injury risk category were 19.35% in the SST moderate category, 32.25% in the SST poor category, and 3.25% in the SST very poor category. FMS scores in the low injury risk category were 6.45% in the moderate SST category and 32.25% in the poor SST category. The conclusion is that SPSS soccer academy students have a potential risk of injury in the moderate category and a static balance level in the less category. In addition, after reviewing the results of FMS scores based on SST scores, it can be concluded that FMS scores in the moderate category are found in samples with poor category SST, which is 32.25%. This study suggests improving static balance to prevent the risk of sports injuries in young footballers. Similar research in the future is also recommended, especially the one that uses other physical component variables and different research sample characteristics.

Analysis of Adenomyosis Incidence based on Age and Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio Factors

Adenomyosis is a type of disorder which endometrial glands and stroma grow in the myometrium. This disease causes a very high burden of health care, which 82.0% of patients undergoing hysterectomy and 37.6% on chronic pain medication. There is research on the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) which is increased in this disease. However, there is still very limited research on this matter. Analytical observational research method with a cross sectional approach. A total of 135 samples using the consecutive sampling method. Data from Anatomical Pathology medical records from 2018 to 2023. Analysis using univariate, chi square test, and multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the incidence of adenomyosis was highest in reproductive age (86.8%) and the NLR value at risk was 64.7%. The chi square test and logistic regression obtained the same findings, namely that there was a significant relationship between age and NLR on the incidence of adenomyosis (p<0.001). The prevalence ratio of age and NLR factors is 16.17 and 19.01. This means that NLR at risk has a 19.01 times on the incidence of adenomyosis, rather than age. Negelkerke R-square shows that age and NLR influence the incidence of adenomyosis by 54.9%. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the incidence of adenomyosis based on age and NLR. The implications of this study show that NLR can be a simple predictor for the incidence of adenomyosis. This can be done especially in women of reproductive age with a history of dysmenorrhea with complaints of chronic pain.

Nghiên cứu bài toán phát hiện tin nhắn rác trên thiết bị di động và một số vấn đề gợi mở

Short Message Service-SMS is a popular communication method for us. However, high-tech criminals have used spam SMS to cause scams with serious damage. Up to now, the research community and application developers have proposed solutions to detect spam SMS with high accuracy, but in fact, the number of spam SMSs and the amount of financial loss of mobile users caused by this problem have still increased in recent years. Using the research methods of analysis and synthesis on the typical related work, and the research methods of observation and collection actual data from truthful and confident sources, this paper points out the existing problems of spam SMSs detection and proposes some recommendations for creating more efficient and practical solutions.

The Relationship Between Personal Hygiene Behavior and the Incidence of Vaginal Discharge

Adolescence is a transitional period characterized by physical, emotional and psychological changes. Changes in physical aspects are the most important because they take place quickly, drastically and lead to reproductive organs. A person's understanding, attitude, and behavior related to maintaining personal hygiene, beautifying appearance, increasing self-esteem, and preventing disease together can be referred to as personal hygiene behavior. Vaginal discharge is one of the symptoms and signs of infectious diseases in women. The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between personal hygiene behavior and the incidence of vaginal discharge. The type of research used observational analytic research methods with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was seventh and eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Ngariboyo totaling 179 students. The sampling technique in this study used simple random sampling, obtained a sample size of 124 students. The independent variable is personal hygiene behavior while the dependent variable is vaginal discharge. Data collection using a questionnaire. The results of the gamma correlation test show that there is a relationship between personal hygiene behavior and the incidence of vaginal discharge with a p value of 0.030 (<0.05). It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between personal hygiene behavior and the incidence of vaginal discharge at SMPN 1 Ngariboyo. It is expected that female students can increase their knowledge in applying personal hygiene behavior towards the incidence of vaginal discharge.

The Impact of Barns Microclimate Modification on the Beef Cattles Physiological Responses Raised in the Peatlands of Central Kalimantan

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cattle barns microclimate modification on the physiological response of beef cattles reared on peatland. This study used direct observation and experimental research methods. Microclimate modification is done by using asbestos material, gable roof type and roof height ≥3.5 meters, and vegetation arrangement. Data were collected through measurements of microclimatic parameters and physiological responses in the morning (06.30–07.30), at noon (11.30–12.30), and in the afternoon (16.30–17.30), with measurement intervals every month. The number of cattle barns observed was 46 units. The physiological parameter measurements involved 124 female beef cattle, consisting of 70 Bali and 54 crossbred cattle with physiological stages, gestating cows and lactation period. The results showed that modifying cattle barns and the surrounding environment can reduce the microclimate in the cattle barn as indicated by a decrease in THI from emergency to dangerous levels during the noondayand from dangerous to caution levels in the afternoon. The improvement in microclimate conditions was also followed by a decrease in the level of heat stress as indicated by a decrease in the physiological responses of cows.

Optimization And Implementation of Waste Management Planning on Indonesian Flag Non-Convention Ships Sailing in Indonesian Waters

Abstract Waste is one of the objects of concern on ships, especially in terms of its storage and disposal, where more attention must be given to all ships with a gross tonnage of one hundred or more. Every ship certified to carry fifteen people or more, and every fixed or floating platform must have a waste management planning on ship, which includes written procedures for minimizing, collecting, storing, processing and disposing of waste including the use of equipment on the ship. In discussing this material, the researchers analyze the procedures and handling of waste disposal on Indonesian-flagged non-conventional ships. The method used in this research was the case research method. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews and library research methods. The research results show that on Indonesian-flagged non-conventional ships entering the Port of Makassar, there was still waste thrown into the sea, especially by crew members who did not comply with the waste management procedures regulated in The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Annex V. Ships - Non-conventional ships had not handled waste in accordance with The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 73/78 regulations due to various factors, one of which is that there is no equipment for handling waste in the ship and the lack of understanding of ship crew members in protecting the maritime environment. It is recommended that the company supervise the handling of waste in the ship and on the other hand, the port management must prepare waste storage facilities.

ANALISIS BIAYA PASIEN COVID-19 DI RUMAH SAKIT X KOTA BANJARMASIN

COVID -19 is designated as an infectious disease that causes an outbreak and causes a public health emergency. COVID-19 causes death and absorbs significant disease costs. The research aims to determine the average cost of inpatient COVID-19 patients at hospitals in the city of Banjarmasin. This research is a descriptive non-experimental study using observational research methods, data was taken retrospectively to provide an overview of the costs of COVID-19 patients. The research sample is data on costs for inpatient COVID-19 patients in March-April 2020 at Hospital x Banjarmasin City with a sample size of 347 treatment episodes. The research results show that the average cost for a COVID-19 patient per episode of treatment is IDR 13,095,609. The total cost of all episodes of care for hospitalized COVID-19 patients is IDR 4,544,176,469. The first largest cost component that absorbs the most costs is the cost of drugs and medical materials amounting to IDR 1,236,714,000 per component with an average of IDR 3,564,017 per episode of care (27.215%). The second largest cost component is room costs, namely IDR 781,624,400 with an average cost of IDR 2,252,520 per treatment episode (17.20).

Correlation Between Warfarin Levels in the Blood and the Value of Normal INR in Fibrillation Atrium Inpatients

Background: Warfarin is an anticoagulant inhibitor of vitamin K that is effective in preventing systemic embolization in atrial fibrillation patients. Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, so it requires monitoring of rates to prevent the occurrence of toxic effects and to ensure the passage of INR values.Objectives: The study aims to find out the correlation between warfarin levels and normal INR values.Methods: Observational research method with the collection of retrospective data on the medical records of patients treated with atrial fibrillation at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto, in January 2019–December 2021. Warfarin levels were calculated pharmacokinetically using the steady-state concentration (Css) and plasma concentration (Cp) formulas. Data analysis is carried out using the Spearman test to determine the correlation between warfarin levels and normal INR values.Results: The number of patients with normal INR values was less than the number of patients with abnormal INR values, namely 21 patients and 48 patients. The Spearman test results show a p-value of 0.31 (p>0.05), showing that the correlation between warfarin levels in the blood and the corresponding INR value is not significant (p> 0.05), and the R value in the Spearman test is 0.122, showing that the direction of the correlation is positive with very weak correlation strength.Conclusion: The correlation between warfarin levels in the blood and the appropriate INR value is not significant (p>0.05), where the R value in the Spearman test shows R=0.122, meaning the direction of the correlation is positive with a very weak correlation strength.

Analysis of Health Workers’ Preparedness Factors in Disaster Management at Disaster Prone Area Community Health Centers

Indonesia is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Around 87% of Indonesia's territory is prone to natural disasters. Floods are the most common natural disasters that hit Indonesia. Throughout 2018-2020, South Kalimantan experienced 73 floods. This research aims to analyze the knowledge and attitudes of health workers in disaster management regarding flood disaster preparedness at the Mataraman Community Health Center, Banjar Regency. Quantitative research was conducted using an analytical observational research method with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were health workers who worked at the Mataraman Community Health Center, Banjar Regency. This study used a sample of 33 people with purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test with a confidence level of 95%. The results of statistical tests between the knowledge and attitudes of health workers in disaster management on disaster preparedness with p-values of 0.555 and 0.708. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of health workers in disaster management on flood disaster preparedness at the Mataraman Community Health Center.

Consumer coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: a perspective of fashion shopping

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought dramatic life changes to consumers. From the perspective of fashion shopping, this study aims to provide an understanding of how consumers have coped with the pandemic to maintain their physical and mental well-being.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing an observational research method, this study extracted and analyzed text data from Twitter, focusing on fashion consumption-related tweets posted by consumers in May 2020. Content analysis was employed to reveal consumers' coping strategies during the pandemic.FindingsThrough fashion shopping, consumers have employed various strategies to cope with the problems incurred during the pandemic as well as the associated emotional stress. Specifically, problem-focused strategies included both active coping and restraint coping. Emotion-focused strategies included positive reinterpretation, acceptance, mental disengagement and seeking social support.Originality/valueTheoretically, this study provides empirical evidence for the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory in the context of using fashion shopping as a venue to cope with a pandemic. Managerial implications are also provided for the fashion industry as well as human service providers to better prepare for future public health crises.

Bangladesh towards green growth: a review of environmental sustainability indicators

Pursuing green growth is crucial for Bangladesh to transition from an unsustainable economic trajectory to a more sustainable and inclusive one. Bangladesh is picked for this study because of impending and severe economic and environmental threats. This study intends to review the present scenario of various environmental sustainability-related indicators in Bangladesh, focusing on renewable energy consumption, freshwater resources, water productivity, CO2 emissions, energy intensity, air pollution, and natural resource rents. The World Bank database has been utilized to obtain secondary time series data of Bangladesh spanning from 2000 to 2020. As a descriptive study, cross-sectional and observational research methods as well as descriptive statistics and figures are used to elucidate the secondary data. Data demonstrate that Bangladesh now generates 41.16% of its energy from renewables, despite considerable variability. Regardless of the variation in freshwater availability, averaging at 708.19 cubic meters per capita, efficient water productivity remains consistent, indicating a robust water management system. The country demonstrates a relatively low carbon footprint, emitting 0.35 metric tons of CO2 per capita, alongside varying energy intensity levels, highlighting the need for enhanced efficiency measures. While pervasive PM2.5 air pollution poses a significant health risk, Bangladesh's reliance on natural resource rents underscores the importance of sustainable resource management practices for long-term economic stability. The observations of this study might assist in the formulation of policies of water management systems, air pollution control initiatives, and conservation of ecology to promote Bangladesh's long-term sustainability objectives and formulate policies.