Objects Of Different Nature Research Articles

METHODS OF LARGE-SCALE SIGNALS TRANSFORMATION FOR DIAGNOSIS IN NEURAL NETWORK MODELS

Context. The problem of dimensionality reduction of diagnosis signals for their use in neural network models is considered. The object of the study was the process of transformation of diagnosis input signals for their subsequent use in the synthesis of predictive models. Objective. The goal of the work is the creation of the methods for the conversion of diagnosis signals as a result of the application of which new signals will be obtained, which in turn will be used in the construction of neural network predictive models and will significantly reduce the synthesis time of the model by reducing their dimension and the allocation of the necessary components that characterize the state of the individual elements of the object of diagnosis. Method. The methods of reducing the dimension of the input signals of diagnosis and isolation of their components, which characterize the state of the individual elements of the object of diagnosis on the basis of expert knowledge about the process of diagnosis are proposed. The developed methods are based on the methods of digital signal processing. Based on the expert knowledge of the object and the process of diagnosis, the necessary signal conversion procedures and their parameters are selected. In accordance with the requirements for the desired accuracy and detail of the forecast, the optimal degree of averaging of the signal is selected, which directly affects the speed of constructing the predictive model. The proposed methods can be used in the transformation of diagnosis signals of various diagnostic processes where there is a need to build neural network predictive models based on high-dimensional signals. The developed methods were investigated for the conversion of diagnostic signals obtained on a complex object of technical diagnostics, namely, on the transmission of the helicopter. On the basis of the received signals, a neural network model was synthesized, the training of which requires much less computational resources, while the prediction accuracy remains optimal. Results. The developed methods are implemented programmatically and investigated in solving the problem of predicting the future state of the helicopter transmission during the diagnosis process. Conclusions. The experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the developed methods and allow us to recommend them for use in practice in solving diagnostic problems. The conducted experiments have confirmed the proposed software operability and allow recommending it for use in practice for solving the problems of diagnosis and automatic classification on the features. The prospects for further research may include the search for the best parameters of the developed methods, optimization of their software implementations, as well as experimental study of the proposed methods on a large set of practical problems of diagnosing complex objects of different nature by their diagnostic signals.

GENERALIZED ONTOLOGICAL MODEL OF CONTROL IN THE CONCEPT OF SOCIO-CYBERPHYSICAL SYSTEM

A distinctive feature of modern complex systems, called cyber-physical systems, is the combination of objects of different nature. In terms of the composition of the control functions, these systems are equal to the control functions of a human operator, which is an integral part of socio-cyber-physical systems. These circumstances required a generalization of the concepts used in the control and management of technical and organizational objects. The creation of a generalized system of control concepts also demanded clarification of the connections between control concepts. The paper contains a systematic and linguistic analysis of key control concepts formulated earlier in the collection of recommended terms. The four valences of the verb “control”, necessary for the construction of a generalized definition of the concept of control, are defined. These valences constituted the basic structure of the ontological model of control definition. It is presented in the form of a heterogeneous semantic network, which, along with the essential features of the definition, includes the generalized properties of the object and the subject of management. They are stability and perseverance, respectively. Generalized essential features of the definition are proposed to be considered as variables of a linguistic formula. When a species control concept is generated from it, such as quality management, each variable is assigned the meaning of a corresponding subject domain. Such a method of giving birth to species-specific management concepts ensures the consistency of their definitions. Having accepted the definitions of the basic concepts of the subject domain for the axioms, by phasing out the essential features, you can expand them into the terminological system of the subject domain.

Влияние волновых воздействий на активность амилаз микробного происхождения

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of wave, first of all, optical effects on enzyme preparations used in food production, in order to increase the activity of target enzymes. Information is given on the possibility of changing of characteristics of objects of different nature, of increasing the hydrolytic, in particular, amylolytic activity of enzymes of microbial origin using such treatment methods. The results of studying of the effect of treatment with light with wavelengths from the range 364 - 980 nm of the enzyme preparation Amylorizin P10x on its amylolytic ability are considered; the direction and intensity of the influence of such processing was evaluated by comparing the amount of starch hydrolyzed in the experimental and control variants. It was shown that photo processing under experimental conditions allowed to increase the amount of hydrolyzed starch by 20–70% compared with the control, depending on the wavelength of light used for processing. In this way, it is advisable to continue research in order to clarify the parameters of the light treatment, providing a significant technological and / or economic effect.

FCS Analysis of Protein Mobility on Lipid Monolayers

In vitro membrane model systems are used to dissect complex biological phenomena under controlled unadulterated conditions. In this context, lipid monolayers are a powerful tool to particularly study the influence of lipid packing on the behavior of membrane proteins. Here, monolayers deposited in miniaturized fixed area-chambers, which require only minute amounts of protein, were used and shown to faithfully reproduce the characteristics of Langmuir monolayers. This assay is ideally suited to be combined with single-molecule sensitive fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to characterize diffusion dynamics. Our results confirm the influence of lipid packing on lipid mobility and validate the use of FCS as an alternative to conventional surface pressure measurements for characterizing the monolayer. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effect of lipid density on the diffusional behavior of membrane-bound components. We exploit the sensitivity of FCS to characterize protein interactions with the lipid monolayer in a regime in which the monolayer physical properties are not altered. To demonstrate the potential of our approach, we analyzed the diffusion behavior of objects of different nature, ranging from a small peptide to a large DNA-based nanostructure. Moreover, in this work we quantify the surface viscosity of lipid monolayers. We present a detailed strategy for the conduction of point FCS experiments on lipid monolayers, which is the first step toward extensive studies of protein-monolayer interactions.

The theory of nonlinear systems as an instrument for solving engineering problems

The article outlines theoretical, methodological and practical issues of modern control and optimization theory, as well as the problems of nonlinear systems theory. Theoretical conclusions and results allowed to build mathematical models applicable to the management of objects of different nature with different principles of action, in particular, to the management of complex technical and technological objects that can be considered as nonlinear dynamic systems. The authors find it appropriate to consider nonlinear dynamic integral models as Volterra integro-power series from many functional arguments with multidimensional weight functions and a certain finite set of inputs to the system. The set of multidimensional kernels of integral Volterra operators completely characterizes the nonlinear and dynamic properties, and, consequently, the technical state of the initial system. The application of Volterra series based models allows to take into account the nonlinear and inertial properties of the initial nonlinear dynamic system more fully and accurately, it also makes the model diagnostic of a technical system more universal, raises the reliability of the forecast. The diagnostic procedure in this case is aimed at defining Volterra kernels based on the data of “input-output” experiment and building the diagnostic system of attribute in the space of which the decisive rule of optimal classification is created.

STUDY OF PROTOLYTIC EQUILIBRIA IN SOLUTIONS OF HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE DYES BY CHEMICAL CHROMATICITY METHOD

In this paper, the acid-base properties of hydroxyanthraquinone dyes-alizarin, alizarin red S and alizarin-complexone- were studied in aqueous solutions by chemical chromaticity and spectrophotometry methods. The advantages of chemical chromaticity method over UV-VIS spectrophotometry method were shown in the protolytic equilibria study in dyes solutions. The chemical chromaticity method, unlike spectrophotometry, can determine the deprotonation constant of sulfo group of alizarin red S. Using the chromaticity functions data it is possible to determine all ionization constant of these hydroxyanthraquinone dyes. The overlay of tautomeric equilibria on alizarin-complexone ionization process does not interfere for pK determination of their functional groups by the chemical chromaticity method. A quantitative color description of objects of different nature by calculating their color coordinates by spectrophotometric data allows distinguishing spectrally similar substances and obtaining new data on them. Using the values of chromaticity functions of ion-molecule forms of the hydroxyanthraquinone dyes as an analytical signal allows to get a complete picture of the existing acid-base equilibria in a wide range of medium acidity. A probable acid-base equilibria schemes were theoretically determined for alizarin, alizarin red S and alizarin-complexone using CNDO calculations. The diagrams of the ion-molecular forms distribution of hydroxyanthraquinone were built.For citation:Chebotarev A.N., Snigur D.V., Bevziuk K.V. Study of protolytic equilibria in solutions of hydroxyanthraquinone dyes by chemical chromaticity method. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 3. P. 22-28.

ON METHODS OF OBJECT DETECTION IN VIDEO STREAMS

Detecting objects in a video stream is a typical problem in modern computer vision systems that are used in multiple areas. Object detection can be done on both static images and on frames of a video stream. Essentially, object detection means finding color and intensity non-uniformities which can be treated as physical objects. Beside that, the operations of finding coordinates, size and other characteristics of these non-uniformities that can be used to solve other computer vision related problems like object identification can be executed. In this paper, we study three algorithms which can be used to detect objects of different nature and are based on different approaches: detection of color non-uniformities, frame difference and feature detection. As the input data, we use a video stream which is obtained from a video camera or from an mp4 video file. Simulations and testing of the algoritms were done on a universal computer based on an open-source hardware, built on the Broadcom BCM2711, quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC processor with frequency 1,5GHz. The software was created in Visual Studio 2019 using OpenCV 4 on Windows 10 and on a universal computer operated under Linux (Raspbian Buster OS) for an open-source hardware. In the paper, the methods under consideration are compared. The results of the paper can be used in research and development of modern computer vision systems used for different purposes. Keywords: object detection, feature points, keypoints, ORB detector, computer vision, motion detection, HSV model color

Fractional properties of geophysical field variability on the example of hydrochemical parameters

Using the properties of compound Poisson process and its fractional generalizations, statistical models of geophysical fields variability are considered on an example of hydrochemical parameters system. These models are universal to describe objects of different nature and allow us to explain various pulsing regime. Manifestations of non-conservatism in hydrochemical parameters system and the advantages of the system approach in the description of geophysical fields variability are discussed.

APPLICATION OF TURBULENT APPROACH TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Urgency of the research. Importance of the turbulent approach use to the cognition of the regularities of the economic systems development becomes the component of their research considering existence of these systems during the recent time in extremely and chaotic conditions of functioning . Target setting. Taking into consideration high stochastic level of the economic processes which can be observed in the development of many economic systems and which are due to the external and internal factors, it is appropriate to deepen the theoretical component of the turbulent approach use of the scientific researches for the cognition of such systems. Actual scientific research and issues analysis. To the scientists that were involved in the research of the turbulence phenomena by cognition the economic objects should be related the following ones : Grosul V. A., Demianchuk I .A., Zhuravliova G. P., Zakharchenko P. V., Kaslione J. A., Masliuk Ye. V., Yaroshenko R. F. and others. Theoretical aspects of the turbulent approach use and grounding its essence are met in the scientific researches of Gerasymov E. B., Burlachkov V., Trubetskov D. I., Makarov N. N. Uninvestigated parts of general issue defining. However, notwithstanding numerous scientific works within which the regularities and peculiarities of the turbulence phenomena on the development of the systems of different nature are investigated, deepening require theoretical principles of the essence identification of the turbulent approach, definition the peculiarities of its use for studying the objects of different nature. The research objective. Thus, the actual become issues of the theoretical grounding of the turbulent approach use to the economic systems cognition. Statement of the main material. Within the article essence of the turbulent approach is grounded and peculiarities of its use to the cognition of the economic systems are defined. In particular, the conceptual approaches of the turbulence identification as a separate phenomena are detailed. As well, the scheme of the turbulence influence on the systems of different nature is described, factors of the turbulent processes are identified. It was suggested to consider the turbulent process as the algorithm of study of the systems of different nature essence of which lie in cognition of such systems that function in not predictable, chaotic and changeable conditions that threaten its stability and lead to arise of the high entropy level in their frames. Conclusions. Use of the turbulent approach to the economic systems cognition gives the possibility to deepen the system of the methods of the economic researches by new approach that is directed to the investigation such systems in chaotic world where further transformations of the environment are hardly predictable.

CLASSES OF ARRAYS WITH INDEX NON-OVERLAPPING COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF THEIR FORMING

The concept of crossing or non-crossing sets with objects of different nature. The principles, which give the transformed arrays properties that increase the efficiency of information technology. As the main characteristic defining the relationship on the sets, forming the arrays, we consider the system of indexing of elements of the compared sets. The terms an index of non-crossing array components are. We propose a new class of arrays which components are indexed by disjoint sets, the notion of « non-crossing index sets»; provides methods of forming arrays of different classes. It is proved that any permutation of the elements of arrays are implemented with some regularity, associated with changes in indexing. The developed method of formation of arrays based on cyclic shifts of the rows and columns of the original array for the proposed algorithms. The task of forming arrays with disjoint sets of three types has been solved. The paper analizez the proposed options for building arrays with disjoint components - sets, proving that the properties of non-crossing components are stored for the first type arrays in all permutations of columns.

MANAGEMENT OF OBJECTS WITH RECYCLE

The article discusses the management of objects with positive feedback or recycles. Introduction of positive feedbacks in the management objects of different nature gives them qualitatively new properties and change significantly the dynamics of behavior that requires a special approach in the regulation. There is classification of recycle objects with the release of four types: recycle under “concentration”, “weight”, “weight and concentration”, as well as objects with “coordinate and parametric effect recycles”. The authors describe the structure of the object model to recycle for the first three classes in general. The control system for objects recycle under “weight” and the system of coordinate-parametric control object recycle are shown. The results of analytical and numerical studies, the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of control systems, as well as graphics transients under “feedforward control” and “target control” are represented in the paper.

Синергетическая теория управления и вибромеханика: концептуальная связь

The paper established a deep conceptual relation between vibro-mechanics and synergetic control theory. This conceptual relation is revealed in emergence of new phenomena in complex systems, namely: expansion and compression of phase flow; transition of point representing system into internal attracting manifolds, on which new dynamic properties of system are formed. In vibro-mehanics control actions are carried out usually as a function of time by selecting corresponding vibration actions, but synergetic theory of control actions is synthesized in feedback function, ensuring desired oscillation and vibration processes. These new research areas complement each other in meeting today's major technological challenges of controlling complex objects of different nature. We prove that with an example of a complete solution of famous P. L. Kapitza's problem of the inverted pendulum stabilization.

“Soft” System of Coordinates in Regular Simplexes

In different areas of knowledge, there are common problems of coding and ordering of multicomponent compositions of objects as well as representation of their processes of change. These problems are solved by the language-method RHAT. It can be considered as a coordinate system of regions in space limited by regular simplex. Here R is a sequence of composition components by decrease – names of sectors in the simplex distinguished by hypermedians, a semiquantitative substantial characteristic of compositions, word of a new type; H – Shannon information entropy – entropy of mixing; A – anentropy – entropy of separation; T – tolerance. The arrangement of coordinates allows obtaining an alphabetical hierarchical periodic system of compositions (HPSC) of objects of different nature, in particular, the Hierarchical Periodic System of Chemical Compositions (HPSCC) that uses the Periodic System of Elements (PSE) as an alphabet, as well as the Hierarchical Periodic System of Molecular Compositions (HPSMC) that uses HPSCC as an alphabet. Diagrams HA or HT are designed to display random and ordered sets of compositions of any nature as the most appropriate means of studying the processes of separation and mixing. The applicability of the method has been tested on analytical materials in natural and social science fields.

A boosting approach for the simultaneous detection and segmentation of generic objects

Numerous approaches to object detection and segmentation have been proposed in recent years. However, in some general situations these methods are prone to fail due to the nature of the object. For instance, classical approaches to object detection and segmentation obtain good results for some specific object classes (i.e., pedestrian detection or sky segmentation). However, these methods have troubles detecting or segmenting object classes with different distinctive characteristics (i.e., cars and horses versus sky and road). In this paper, we propose a general framework to simultaneously perform object detection and segmentation on objects of different nature. Our approach is based on a boosting procedure which automatically decides – according to the object properties – whether it is better to give more weight to the detection or segmentation process to improve both results. For instance, for some objects, the detection may help to better segment, and viceversa. We validate our approach using different object classes from the well-known LabelMe, TUD and Weizmann databases to obtain competitive detection and segmentation results. Furthermore, our experiments show that the proposed approach is able to correctly annotate new images returned by Internet search engines even when the system is trained with few image examples.

The Twentieth International Conference on Automatic Control "AUTOMATICS-2013"

International conferences on automatic control are initiated by Ukrainian Association on Automatic Control (UAAC) and held annually since 1994. In September 25–27 on the basis of Admiral Makarov National Shipbuilding University the town of Nikolaev held XX International Conference on Automatic Control “AUTOMATICS–2013”. The conference was devoted to 100birthday anniversary of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist in the field of technical cybernetics, Academician of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine A.G. Ivakhnenko. The goal of the Conference is the discussion of research and development results in the field of control of complex objects of different nature, discussion of development tendencies in the control science, establishment of scientific contacts, involvement of talented young people in scientific investigations. The organizers of Conference were National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Ukraine, Ukrainian Association on Automatic Control, National Committee of Russia on Automatic Control, V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine, Institute of Space Research of NAS and SSA of Ukraine, International Scientific-Educational Center of Information Technologies and Systems of NAS and MES of Ukraine, Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University, Admiral Makarov National Shipbuilding University, Academy of Sciences of Shipbuilding of Ukraine. Subject matters of the Conference were presented in six sections. • Mathematical problems of control, optimization and game theory. • Control and identification under uncertainty conditions. • Automatic control in technical systems. • Control of aerospace, marine and other moving objects.

A cooperative coevolutionary approach dealing with the skull–face overlay uncertainty in forensic identification by craniofacial superimposition

Craniofacial superimposition is a forensic process where photographs or video shots of a missing person are compared with the skull that is found. By projecting both photographs on top of each other (or, even better, matching a scanned three-dimensional skull model against the face photo/video shot), the forensic anthropologist can try to establish whether that is the same person. The whole process is influenced by inherent uncertainty mainly because two objects of different nature (a skull and a face) are involved. In previous work, we categorized the different sources of uncertainty and introduced the use of imprecise landmarks to tackle most of them. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, a cooperative coevolutionary algorithm, to deal with the use of imprecise cephalometric landmarks in the skull–face overlay process, the main task in craniofacial superimposition. Following this approach we are able to look for both the best projection parameters and the best landmark locations at the same time. Coevolutionary skull–face overlay results are compared with our previous fuzzy-evolutionary automatic method. Six skull–face overlay problem instances corresponding to three real-world cases solved by the Physical Anthropology Lab at the University of Granada (Spain) are considered. Promising results have been achieved, dramatically reducing the run time while improving the accuracy and robustness.

Heavy metals in sludge sediment after biochemical purification of municipal wastewaters

We have investigated the content of heavy meals in the stabilized sludge sediment of the station of biological purification of municipal wastewaters including an ion-exchange/bioaccessible form, which is extracted in an acidic medium at pH ∼2.5–3. We have compared the pool of heavy metals of the sludge sediment and other objects of different nature—soil and biomass of microbial cultures. In terms of the spectrum of heavy metals and their specific concentration the sludge sediment approaches natural soil. At the same time, heavy metals of the sludge sediment are extracted easier than from the soil and microbial biomass, where they may be incorporated to crystalline lattices of soil minerals or into cellular structures. The degree of removing heavy metals from the sludge sediment may reach 80% and correspond to the series: Zn > Mn > Cu ∼ Co ∼ Ni > Fe.

Modeling the Skull–Face Overlay Uncertainty Using Fuzzy Sets

Craniofacial superimposition (CS) is a forensic process where photographs or video shots of a missing person are compared with the skull that is found. By projecting both photographs on top of each other (or, even better, matching a scanned 3-D skull model against the face photo/video shot), the forensic anthropologist can try to establish whether it is the same person. The whole process is influenced by inherent uncertainty, mainly because two objects of different nature (a skull and a face) are involved. In this paper, we extend our previous evolutionary-algorithm-based method to automatically superimpose the 3-D skull model and the 2-D face photo with the aim to overcome the limitations that are associated with the different sources of uncertainty, which are present in the problem. Two different approaches to handle the imprecision will be proposed: weighted and fuzzy-set-theory-based landmarks. The performance of the new proposal is analyzed, considering five skull-face overlay problem instances that correspond to three real-world cases solved by the Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. The experimental study that is developed shows how the fuzzy-set-based approach clearly outperforms the previous crisp solution. Finally, the proposed method is validated by the comparison of its outcomes with respect to those manually achieved by the forensic experts in nine skull-face overlay problem instances.

Informing: A Cognitive Load Perspective

Introduction Informing science investigates how to provide clientele with information in a form, format, and schedule that maximizes its effectiveness (Cohen, 1999; 2009). According to its general, cross-disciplinary definition, information is a feature of objects of different nature that describes their structural aspects represented by patterns attributed to their organization (e.g., Stonier, 1997). Consequently, informing could be regarded as spreading structural patterns (patterns in form) among objects of different nature (Gackowski, 2009). In case of complex information systems such as living organisms (including humans), the aim of informing has been defined as expanding their control over environment (Gackowski, 2009) or, in evolutionary terms, enhancing their chances of survival. When informing is considered at the level of human information processing, the structure and characteristics of human cognitive architecture could have significant implications for the informing process. Cognitive aspects of human information processing may critically affect both the informing (informer) and perceiving (client) ends of the informing process. The intersection of cognitive and informing sciences has been related to the area of cognitive informatics (Cohen, 2009). Cognitive load theory as a branch of instructional psychology (see Sweller, 2003; Sweller, Ayres, & Kalyuga, 2011, for recent overviews) has applied cognitive science to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of instructional design. Since the major aim of instructional design is providing instructional formats and procedures that maximize learning, this could be regarded as a specific area of application of general principles of informing science with learners as clientele. Therefore, instructional and informing sciences are inherently connected. Theoretical frameworks and recommendations of informing science should be applied to instructional design, and established principles of cognitive load theory could also be potentially generalized to advance certain aspects of informing science. This paper explores a possibility of extending the established conceptual framework and principles of cognitive load theory to broader and more general situations than those in teaching and learning with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of informing. The paper begins with an overview of major assumptions and principles of cognitive load theory based on a recently proposed evolutionary perspective, describes a corresponding model of human cognitive architecture, followed first by general implications of this architecture to informing science, and then by specific recommendations for improving processes of informing. Human Cognitive Architecture Cognitive load theory describes educational implications of human cognitive architecture (Sweller, 2003, 2004). In its basic assumptions, the theory uses the information processing aspects of biological evolution by natural selection as analogical to basic characteristics of human cognition (Sweller & Sweller, 2006). It considers both biological evolution and human cognition as examples of a broader category of natural information processing systems. It is assumed that such systems function based on the following five fundamental principles (Sweller, 2003; for an overview, see Sweller et al., 2011): * The information store principle: natural information processing systems include large stores of information that govern their activities. In human cognitive architecture, long-term memory provides this function. * The borrowing and reorganizing principle: information in the store is mostly borrowed from other information stores; however, it is reorganized in the process rather than copied exactly. For example, humans imitate other people, listen, and read in order to build long-term memory. * The randomness as genesis principle: all truly novel (not borrowed) information is acquired by a random generate-and-test process. …

On nontraditional problems of portfolio management

Some applications of portfolio investment theory, which goes back to papers by H. Markowitz and J. Tobin, are considered. First, problems of dynamic control of an investment portfolio are considered in the case when the behavior of the averaged characteristics of returns on assets is described not by stochastic differential equations but by deterministic differential inclusions. Such a description of the uncertainty allows one to apply methods of the theory of guaranteed control and the theory of positional differential games. Second, it is shown how the theory developed initially for portfolios of risky financial instruments (shares) can be used, after an appropriate modification, for studying objects of different nature as well. In particular, problems of constructing an effective project portfolio and effective portfolios of contractors and customers of an enterprise are considered.