Objects Of Different Nature Research Articles

Two Approaches for Detecting Pneumonia from Chest X-ray Images

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs. It remains the leading cause of death in children aged <5 years. This acute respiratory infection kills over 150,000 newborns yearly. We present two approaches for detecting pneumonic lungs. Both involve chest X-ray (CXR) image classification. The first approach is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). The second approach, proposed by us, uses the theoretical notion of Kolmogorov complexity (KC), which introduces the normalized compression distance (NCD) – a way of measuring similarities between objects of different nature, such as images. The respective algorithms are described, software implementation details are presented. Experiments were conducted to enable us to choose optimal parameter values that would facilitate accurate pneumonia detection. The two procedures showed high classification quality. This convincingly indicates they were accurate in differentiating the chest X-rays. Though a known fact, the CNN approach was confirmed to be more efficient when dealing with a larger training dataset. On the other hand, the NCD-KC technique was shown to be more efficient when handling a small number of classified images. A more sensitive and more accurate pneumonia diagnosing technique that combines the strengths of both approaches is found to be feasible.

APPLICATION OF THE INTEGRATION METHOD TO OBTAIN A COMPLEX INDICATOR OF LABOR SAFETY

The current state of quantitative assessment of the quality of qualimetry objects of different nature, which have different quality indicators and different measurement scales, is considered. Existing studies and publications with quantitative assessment related to occupational safety are analyzed. Harmful and dangerous factors that affect human health and performance have their own indicators and scales of different assessments. At present, there is no single approach to assessing these indicators, and a large number of qualimetric methods require in-depth scientific research on their optimality and effectiveness. The analysis proves the relevance of the topic and identifies the need to develop a methodology for obtaining a comprehensive assessment of labor safety that will be suitable for assessing working conditions at any production facility. To obtain a comprehensive indicator of occupational safety, it is proposed to determine the assessment for each harmful production factor, and then to determine a single assessment, taking into account all the characteristics. To determine the complex indicator of a harmful production factor, it is proposed to apply the integration method. The trapezoidal method is one of the methods of numerical integration. It allows calculating certain integrals with a predetermined degree of accuracy. A step-by-step algorithm for determining a complex labor safety indicator using the trapezoidal integration method is proposed. An approbation of the methodology for determining a comprehensive indicator of labor safety is proposed. The harmful factors at work are identified, the actual indicators are obtained and their estimates are determined on a dimensionless scale. A time series of changes in the indicators of harmful factors over time is graphically constructed. A comprehensive indicator of labor safety at work has been determined, which makes it possible to make managerial decisions on further actions to improve working conditions and improve the labor safety management system. The proposed methodology can be considered universal, since it can be applied to any premises and enterprise.

APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF AVERAGE RECTANGLES TO OBTAIN A COMPLEX INDICATOR OF LABOR SAFETY

The subject matter of the article is the method of determining comprehensive indicator of labor safety. The goal of the work is to develop a methodology for obtaining a comprehensive assessment of labor safety, taking into account the characteristics of harmful and dangerous production factors. The article solves the following task: to investigate the possibility of applying the method of numerical integration to obtain a comprehensive indicator of occupational safety, that is, to apply the principle of determining the area and volume under curved surfaces both on the plane and in space, which are created by combining estimates of unit indicators of harmful factors on a dimensionless scale. Methods are used: qualimetry and mathematical statistics. The following results were obtained: a number of modern scientific works were considered, substantiating the need to assess occupational safety at the workplace. A number of modern scientific works related to the quantitative assessment of the quality of qualimetric objects of different nature, which have different quality indicators and different measurement scales, have been analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the relevance of the topic has been proven and the need to develop a methodology for obtaining a comprehensive assessment of labor safety, which will be suitable for assessing working conditions at any production, has been determined. In order to obtain a comprehensive index of labor safety, it is proposed to determine an estimate for each harmful production factor, and then to determine a single estimate, taking into account all characteristics. To determine the complex indicator of a harmful production factor, it is proposed to apply the integration method, that is, to find the area under the broken surface, which resulted from the connection of points on the plane of the XOY coordinate system. For this, quadrature formulas using the method of average rectangles are used. A step-by-step algorithm for determining the comprehensive indicator of labor safety, using integration by the method of average rectangles, is proposed. The method of determining the comprehensive indicator of labor safety in production was tested. Harmful factors in production were determined, valid indicators were obtained and their estimates on a dimensionless scale were determined. A time series of changes in indicators of harmful factors over time is graphically constructed. A comprehensive indicator of occupational safety in production was determined as a basis for making decisions regarding further actions to improve working conditions. Conclusions: It is suggested to use qualitative methods for comprehensive assessment of labor safety in production. Namely, to determine an assessment for each harmful and dangerous production factor and, then, to determine a single comprehensive assessment of working conditions. The method of determining the complex indicator of labor safety, using numerical integration by the method of average rectangles, is proposed. The proposed method can be considered universal, as it can be used for any premises and enterprises.

METHOD OF IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AND PREDICTING THE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN CASE OF SOIL CONTAMINATION BY HEAVY METAL COMPOUNDS

Purpose. The goal of the article is to develop a method for identifying hazards and predicting the possibility of a technogenic emergency caused by the spread of compounds with heavy metals in the soil during long-term storage of galvanic sludge in open areas.
 Methodology. The method is developed on the basis of a mathematical model that allows estimating changes in the depth of distribution and level of soil salinity over time using initial information about soil structure and its characteristics (molecular diffusion coefficient, volume humidity), annual volumes and conditions of sludge storage in the enterprise. Restrictions are set: the presence of harmful substances on the soil surface with a concentration that exceeds the permissible level; inadmissibility of harmful substances to aquifers.
 Results. The practical use of the method made it possible to identify the main dangers and predict the possibility of an emergency situation with negative environmental consequences during long-term storage of galvanic waste in open areas. The dynamics of soil salinity levels and the depth of penetration of heavy metals increase over twenty years of conservation has been determined, as well as the possibility of hazardous compounds entering groundwater has been assessed.
 Originality. The non-linear, non-stationary mathematical model is based on the theory of physico-chemical hydrodynamics of cellular media. The process of motion of metal salts has been described by the differential equation of motion and conservation of mass of matter for vertical mass transfer of matter.
 Practical value. Formalization of information about the hazards arising during the storage of industrial waste with chemically active elements allows to consider the subject area as a complex dynamic system consisting of objects of different nature, the totality of which determines the level of danger of emergencies with environmental consequences. The developed method makes it possible to transfer the obtained results to decision-making support systems, predicting possible consequences and material costs associated with post-emergency measures, motivating the management to take measures in advance.

APPLICATION OF THE ERROR FUNCTION FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF QUALIMETRY OBJECTS

The existing functional dependencies between the measured values of quality indicators and their evaluation on a dimensionless scale, which were used to evaluate qualimetry objects of different nature, are analyzed. It is shown that for an objective assessment of qualimetry objects, as a rule, it is necessary to apply nonlinear dependencies. The main task of the researcher is to choose the type of nonlinear dependence, it requires additional scientific research. A tool for choosing a particular nonlinear dependence is to understand the physical essence of the qualimetry object, that is, to understand the laws of the relationship between the measured value of qualimetry indicators and their evaluation. It is determined that when assessing the quality of qualimetry objects, it is necessary to have estimates of multidimensional quality indicators in dimensionless terms. To obtain dimensionless estimates, it is necessary to know the type of dependence between the actual quality indicators and their estimates. The search for such dependence is not a simple scientific task and requires a number of studies. To obtain estimates of different quality indicators in a dimensionless scale, it is proposed to apply such a mathematical dependence that would take into account the shortcomings of the existing ones and would be methodologically and practically provided. After all, any scientific problem must be brought to practical application. As a mathematical dependence, it is proposed to apply the error function, which is non-elementary and is used in mathematical statistics and mathematical physics to solve some practical problems. The use of the error function became possible due to the development of computer technology, because its application requires a number of mathematical transformations. The error function is standardized in applications, so there are great opportunities for its practical application. It is proposed to use the error function for quantitative assessment of the quality of objects of different nature. Its capability and efficiency are checked. The proposed function can be universal. It is checked that it can be used to assess the quality of qualimetry objects of different nature.

A Boundary Integral Formulation and a Topological Energy-Based Method for an Inverse 3D Multiple Scattering Problem with Sound-Soft, Sound-Hard, Penetrable, and Absorbing Objects

Abstract In this paper, we study numerical methods for simulating acoustic scattering by multiple three-dimensional objects of different nature (penetrable, sound-soft, sound-hard and absorbing targets) simultaneously present in the background media. We derive and analyze a boundary integral system of equations that arises when the solution of the problem is represented via single-layer potentials. We give abstract necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence of Petrov–Galerkin discretizations and show that spectral methods satisfy these conditions. Superalgebraic convergence order of the discrete method for smooth objects is illustrated in some test cases. After that, we tackle the inverse problem of finding the shape of objects of different unknown nature from measurements of the total field at a set of receptors. We propose a numerical algorithm based on the computation of the topological energy of a weighted multifrequency least squares cost functional and present some numerical examples to illustrate its capabilities.

Snapshot of a magnetohydrodynamic disk wind traced by water maser observations

The formation of astrophysical objects of different nature, from black holes to gaseous giant planets, involves a disk–jet system, where the disk drives the mass accretion onto a central compact object and the jet is a fast collimated ejection along the disk rotation axis. Magnetohydrodynamic disk winds can provide the link between mass accretion and ejection, which is essential to ensure that the excess angular momentum is removed and accretion can proceed. However, until now, we have been lacking direct observational proof of disk winds. Here we present a direct view of the velocity field of a disk wind around a forming massive star. Achieving a very high spatial resolution of about 0.05 au, our water maser observations trace the velocities of individual streamlines emerging from the disk orbiting the forming star. We find that, at low elevation above the disk midplane, the flow co-rotates with its launch point in the disk, in agreement with magneto-centrifugal acceleration. Beyond the co-rotation point, the flow rises spiralling around the disk rotation axis along a helical magnetic field. We have performed (resistive-radiative-gravito-)magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the formation of a massive star and record the development of a magneto-centrifugally launched jet presenting many properties in agreement with our observations.

Design of Heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Systems Employing Category Theory

Heterogeneous cyber-physical control systems based on digital twins are in demand by Industry 4.0. In accordance with the contemporary systems engineering methodology, such systems are designed at the level of digital models. The paper proposes approaches to formalization and subsequent automation of solving direct and inverse problems of their design. To unify descriptions of heterogeneous components, we follow a viewpoint-based approach to architecture design recommended by the international standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010. Following recent trends, we employ category theory as a mathematical framework for the formal description and solution of design problems. Indeed, category theory is a branch of higher algebra specifically aimed at a unified representation of objects of different nature and relationships between them. The design space of a heterogeneous cyber-physical system is constructed as a subcategory of the multicomma category, the objects of which describe possible system architectures with a fixed structural hierarchy represented from a certain viewpoint as diagrams, and morphisms denote actions associated with the parts selection and replacement during the system design. Direct design problems consist in evaluating the properties of the system as a whole by its architecture and are solved using a universal category-theoretic construction of the colimit of the diagram. The solution of inverse problems that require finding variants of the system architecture, which are (sub-, Pareto-) optimal according to the consumer quality criteria, consists in reconstructing diagrams by their colimit edges. For such reconstruction, optimization algorithms of gradient descent type are reasonable to employ, which navigate along the system design space morphisms calculating the path by means of computer algebra. Typical techniques of assembling cyber-physical systems, such as modular composition and aspect weaving, are described in the language of category theory and illustrated. As an example, we outline the design of energy-efficient robotic production lines represented from the behavior viewpoint as discrete-event simulation models.

Information technology for quality assesment of the processing of metal surfaces by the method of wavelet analysis

Purpose. Analyze the effectiveness of using wavelet analysis to assess the quality of metal surfaces. Develop information technology information technology to automate the process of assessing the quality of metal surfaces by wavelet analysis.
 Methodology. The main parameters for assessing the processing of metal surfaces are considered. A multilevel decomposition of the profile using wavelets was performed.
 Findings. The developed software allows to calculate parameters of an assesment of processing of metal surfaces that will help to minimize number of routine operations and difficult mathematical calculations, and also gives illustrative graphs of waviness and roughness.
 The advantage of this software product is that it is focused and developed specifically for the analysis of signals-profilograms of metal surfaces and is free.
 In further development, this software product can be used in the mechanical engineering industry (milling) and will help reduce the cost of software.
 Originality. The method of optimal decomposition of a complex signal is considered, using the criterion of minimizing the total entropy of wavelet coefficients of both its components in determining the optimal level of decomposition, reconstruction of the signal by approximating wavelet coefficients of the optimal signal. Convenient software has been developed.
 Practical value. The developed information technology of the software product for estimating the parameters of non-stationary signals can be used in the analysis and diagnosis of objects of different nature, in the mechanical engineering (milling) industry, in particular obtaining of waviness and roughness profiles.

Application of the integration method for assessing the quality of qualimetry objects

The analysis of existing scientific approaches to the quantitative assessment of the quality of qualimetry objects of different nature, which have different quality indicators with different measurement scales, is carried out. A number of modern scientific works related to the assessment of the quality of products, processes and services are considered, their shortcomings and possible boundaries of application are identified. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that there are a number of unsolved problems in qualimetry, the solution of which could make it possible to develop new practical methods that would be quite universal and could be effectively used in assessing the quality of objects of various kinds. As a result of the analysis, the relevance of the topic was proved and the goals of the work were determined - to develop a methodology for obtaining a comprehensive assessment of the quality indicator, which will be suitable for assessing qualimetry objects of various kind. For a generalized assessment of the quality of qualimetry objects, it is proposed to determine an assessment for each of its characteristics or criteria, and then to determine a single assessment, taking into account all its characteristics. To determine the generalized quality indicator of one criterion, it is proposed to apply the integration method, that is, find the area under the broken surface, which emerged as a result of connecting points on the plane of the XOY coordinate system. For this, quadrature formulas are applied using the trapezoidal method. The trapezium method is an approximate integration method, useful in cases where it is not possible to find the original function and calculate the integral through it. A step-by-step algorithm for determining a generalized quality indicator of a qualimetry object of various natures is proposed, using the integration by the trapezium method. In this case, we get a multi-criteria assessment of the quality of the qualimetry object. For integration, you can apply other methods, which will determine the most effective one. The developed technique can be used for multi-criteria assessment of the quality of qualimetry objects if, instead of a time scale, a scale of single assessments of various criteria that characterizes the object is used.

Конструювання комплексу інструментальних засобів індуктивного моделювання з використанням онтологій

The architecture of the GMDH-based inductive modeling tools is considered. A feature is the use of the knowledge base in the form of an ontology of the subject area of inductive modeling. The application of the ontological approach to the design of the knowledge base makes it possible to automatically acquire new knowledge, efficiently process information in the modeling of complex objects of different nature according to statistical data, generate queries and obtain logical inferences. Fragments of the GMDH-based inductive modeling ontology are given as an example of creating a formal description of the subject area. The Protege onto editor was used to construct ontologies.

On the solution of direct and inverse multiple scattering problems for mixed sound-soft, sound-hard and penetrable objects

In this work we consider a scattering problem governed by the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation, where some objects of different nature (sound-hard, sound-soft and penetrable) are present in the background medium. First we propose and analyze a system of boundary integral equations to solve the direct problem. After that, we propose a numerical method based on the computation of a multifrequency topological energy based imaging functional to find the shape of the objects (without knowing their nature) from measurements of the total field at a set of observation points. Numerical examples show that the proposed indicator function is able to detect objects of different nature and/or shape and size when processing noisy data for a rich enough range of frequencies.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ОСВІТНЄ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ: СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ ПРОЦЕСУ НАВЧАННЯ ХІМІЇ

В статті розглядаються особливості створення структурно-функціональної моделі процесу навчання хімії з використанням інформаційних технологій навчання у закладі вищої освіти. Виокремлено основні напрями застосування інформаційно-освітнього середовища в процесі навчання дисциплін хімічного циклу. Визначено умови ефективності запровадження інформаційних технологій у навчальний процес.
 Розроблена теоретична модель методичної системи додаткової хімічної освіти на основі інтеграції змісту навчання і активного застосування інформаційно-освітнього середовища (ІОС) і засобів інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ). Протягом десятиліть моделювання є одним з найактуальніших методів наукового дослідження та широко застосовується в педагогічних дослідженнях. Використання методу моделювання дає можливість об’єднати емпіричні результати і теоретичні положення в педагогічному дослідженні.
 Моделювання як універсальна форма пізнання застосовується під час дослідження і перетворення явищ в будь-якій сфері діяльності, це найбільш поширений метод дослідження об’єктів різної природи, в тому числі й об’єктів складної соціальної системи, тому цим методом широко користуються студенти, магістранти, аспіранти, докторанти під час проведення наукових досліджень. Застосування моделювання дуже тісно пов’язане з глибоким пізнанням сутності навчально-виховних явищ і процесів, поглибленням теоретичних основ дослідження. Також, було наведено основні форми самостійної роботи студентів із використанням мультимедійних технологій.
 Одним з найбільш доцільних і ефективних методів збирання і систематизації факторів є метод інформаційного моделювання. У розвитку теорії і практики моделювання процесу навчання хімії в університеті задіяні наукові дослідження та виконання завдань з різних предметних галузей, спеціальні методи подання даних для побудови електронних засобів, задіяних під час автоматизації виконання завдань інформаційного характеру.

Музей русской космософии: «философия действия» В.Н. Муравьева

The article deals with a part of scientific and philosophical heritage of Valerian Nikolaevich Muravyov (1885‒1930), a thinker and a representative of Russian cosmism. The author of the article undertakes an attempt to explicate the major notions of the philosophy of action as the active principle of the common cause project by N.F. Fyodorov. In the theoretical system of Muravyov action is a uni­versal notion which unites various connections and relations among objects of different nature. Basing on philosophy of Parmenides and mathematical set theo­ry of G. Cantor Muravyov believes a possibility of action to be determined by the structure of the system: to possess the action capacity the system has to be a non-homogeneous set. The article reviews the general scheme of interaction of the active system elements which are defined as hypostases in the philosophy of action. The work also reveals the hierarchy of rational action points. Time is in­separably connected with set and action in the philosophical concept of Mu­ravyov. The paper observes Mouraviov’s logical approach to understanding time genesis and structure resting on the ideas of H. Bergson. Defining time as an ac­tion subject, its obligatory output the philosophy of action sets a task of time takeover.

Development and training of neural networks for character recognition

This article discusses the problem of the application of neural networks for character recognition, as well as the problem of developing methods and algorithms for the synthesis of neural networks. To solve the problems of optimizing the character recognition system, highly intelligent systems based on artificial neural networks are often used. However, artificial neural networks are not a tool for solving problems of any type. They are unsuitable for tasks such as payroll, but they have an advantage for character recognition tasks that conventional personal computers do poorly or not at all. It has been proven that artificial neural networks can be used for predictive modeling, adaptive control and applications where they can be trained using a dataset. Experiential self-learning can occur in networks that can draw inferences from a complex and seemingly unrelated set of information. The application of neural networks for solving practical problems in the field of character recognition and their classification is shown. It has been established that images can denote objects of different nature: text symbols, images, sound samples. When training the network, various sample images are offered with an indication of which class they belong to. At the end of training the network, you can present previously unknown images and receive an answer from it about belonging to a certain class. The topology of such a network is characterized by the fact that the number of neurons in the output layer, as a rule, is equal to the number of conditioned classes. This establishes a correspondence between the output of the neural network and the class it represents. A method for training a neural network is proposed, according to which the person managing the network takes a direct part in training the network, it itself sets the reference images of all symbols, as well as distorted images of the standards (plagued copies).

APPLYING STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ANALYZING TEXTS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PROGRAMMES

Modern statistics is equipped with the methods of formalization (mea­surement) of the objects of different nature. This concerns in particular texts of the so called natural language. This article provides analysis (conducted by means of statistical methods) of the election programmes’ texts of the can­didates for Ukraine’s Presidency in the 2019 election. With the method of multidimensional scaling, the data set was created that consists of two nu­merical characteristics that describe the peculiarities of the reviewed pro­grammes’ texts. With the correlation analysis, the correlation was estab­lished between the texts of the candidates’ election programmes and the offi­cial results of the first round of the election, as well as the results of the na­tionwide exit poll. By applying the Ward’s method cluster analysis, the four groups of the candidates for Ukraine’s Presidency were outlined. Also, the peculiarities of the groups’ programmes texts were identified, as well as the key words clouds were created for quick apprehension of the most frequently used words and their distribution according to popularity. Data preparation and all statistical calculations were performed with the help of the statistical calculation environment R.

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA IN SOLUTIONS OF NEW 4-HYDROXYSTYRYL DYES BASED ON 1-OCTILPIRIDINIUM

In this paper, the acid-base properties of a number of new 4-hydroxystyryl dyes based on 1-octylpyridinium in solutions have been studied by tristimulus colorimetry and spectrophotometry. The studied dyes are obtained by the interaction of equivalent amounts of corresponding heterocyclic methylene bases salts with 4-hydroxyaldehydes in acetonitrile. The advantages of the tristimulus colorimetric method in the study of acid-base equilibria in dyes solutions were noted. It was shown that the use of data on the change in the values of colorimetric functions (specific color discrimination), depending on the medium acidity allows us to determine the constants of ionization of the functional groups of 4-hydroxystyryl dyes. It was shown that the quantitative description of the color of objects of different nature by calculating their color coordinates on the basis of spectrophotometric data allows obtaining information about their state in solutions. Using the values of the colorimetric functions of the ionic-molecular forms of 4-hydroxystyryl dyes as an analytical signal allows us to obtain a coherent picture of existing acid-base equilibria in a wide range of the medium acidity. Based on the obtained experimental data, a probable scheme of acid-base equilibrium in aqueous solutions of 4-hydroxystyryl dyes was proposed. It was shown that in the acidic medium 4-hydroxystyryl dyes exist in a protonated single-charged cationic form, and with pH rise dissociation of phenolic hydroxyl and tautomerization with the formation of a merocyanine form occurs. The corresponding diagrams for the distribution of ion-molecular forms of 4-hydroxystyryl dyes have been constructed, depending on the acidity of the medium.

Environmental monitoring of sacred artworks – A case study for the search for an index of correlation between particle concentration and mass of fine dust

The present work concerns the study of the concentration of Total Suspended Powders (TSP) mainly from uncombusted residues of smoke candles or incense. The aim is identifying the most critical situations for the preservation and conservation in situ of works of sacred art, normally exposed to the veneration of the faithful. These peculiar types of works of art cannot be placed out of context. This because the artifact is an object of worship for many years, it is often object to physical contati by the faithful, subjected to frequent expositions and microclimate changes. Also it suffers an intensive smoking derived from incense and votive candles. The experimental analysis carried out by the authors concerned the monitoring of TSP in the niche of the SS. Crucifix in the Church of St. Papino in Milazzo (ME). The niche, as well as the wooden statue of the Crucified contained, includes a great variety of objects of different nature: bone relics, scrolls, tapestries, precious votive offerings. At present all this precious material is been pouring in clear degradation. The monitoring of TSP was performed using a particle counter and a extractor plug with a collection filter for the gravimetric test. Tools have provided quantitative data of the number of particles per unit volume and the value of particles mass per unit volume, respectively. Then it was possible to determine a correlation marker between the two different instrumental control methods. Scanning electronic microscope analysis, applied to the samples collected, also provided detailed indication on the nature of various inorganic components stored on filters. The research results will lead to the definition of new screening equipment useful for particulate matter filtering or suppression, specifically in churches. These devices can be validated by subsequent and more detailed monitoring surveys.

Multi-threshold object selection in images of remote sensing systems

The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of selection of objects of different nature in digital monochrome images formed in remote sensing systems. For this purpose, algorithms for the formation of features of objects with respect to which boundary values are specified are introduced into the structure of multi-threshold processing. New schemes of multi-threshold processing and selection of objects of interest with threshold setting based on selection results are proposed. Algorithms of multi-threshold selection of objects by area and other scale-invariant geometric features, such as the elongation coefficient of the perimeter of the object and the elongation coefficient of the main axis of the describing ellipse, are obtained and tested. The binarization threshold is set for each of the selected objects based on the extremum of the applied geometric criterion. The new invariant geometric features used are different for round and elongated objects and provide independence of characteristics with changes in the image scale. Results of processing of typical models of images, and also results of selection of objects on the real television and infrared images showing efficiency of the proposed selection method are presented.

Влияние волновых воздействий на активность амилаз микробного происхождения

Статья посвящена изучению влияния волновых, прежде всего, оптических воздействий на ферментные препараты, используемые в пищевых производствах, с целью повышения активности целевых ферментов. Приведена информация о возможности изменения показателей объектов различной природы, повышения гидролитической, в частности, амилолитической активности ферментов микробного происхождения с помощью таких способов обработки. Рассмотрены результаты изучения влияния обработки светом с длинами волн из диапазона 364 - 980 нм ферментного препарата Амилоризин П10х на его амилолитическую способность; направление и интенсивность воздействия такой обработки оценивали, сопоставляя количество крахмала, гидролизованного в опытных и контрольных вариантах. Показано, что фотообработка в условиях экспериментов позволила повысить количество гидролизованного крахмала на 20 - 70 % по сравнению с контролем в зависимости от длины волны света, использованного для обработки; таким образом, целесообразно продолжение исследований с целью уточнения параметров проведения обработки светом, обеспечивающих значимый технологический и/или экономический эффект.