Objects In Universe Research Articles

The FCC’s High-Cost Programs, Rural Broadband Penetration & Rural Broadband Service Quality

This paper analyzes the efficacy of the Universal Service Fund's High-Cost Support programs in achieving two of its formal aims—increased availability and comparable or improved service quality. In light of a narrowed rural digital divide, increased facilities-based competition, and significant disparities in support among US states, we separately analyze subprograms active in the 48 contiguous states and Alaska between July 2014 and December 2017. In the 48 contiguous states, we find that Phase II of the Connect America Cost Model (CAF II) support predicts aDSL availability and increased aDSL speeds. Meanwhile, we find evidence that the Alternative Connect America Model (ACAM) may be effective in inducing new fiber deployment, but no evidence that ACAM support affects fiber speeds. With the exception of the Rural Broadband Experiments (RBE), we find that High-Cost Support has no relationship or is negatively related with cable speeds and availability, but we cannot infer if this negative relationship is attributable to “crowding out” by subsidized incumbents or program selection effects. In Alaska, we find that Census blocks targeted by Alaska Plan support have greater availability and faster speeds from aDSL and fiber carriers. Heterogeneity in our results highlight the importance of evaluating High-Cost subprograms separately when analyzing the efficacy of High-Cost programs in achieving universal service objectives.

The syntax of Mandarin dative alternation

Abstract This paper investigates the syntax of dative constructions (DCs) in Mandarin from the perspective of quantifier scope interpretation. In the literature, doubly quantified DCs such as Xiaoming ji-le yi-zhang mingxinpian gei mei-yi-wei laoshi ‘Xiaoming mailed one postcard to every teacher’ have been claimed to be scopally ambiguous, and different syntactic analyses have been proposed based on this observation. Crucially, however, DCs with the universal direct object (DO) preceding the existential indirect object (IO), e.g., Xiaoming ji-le mei-yi-zhang mingxinpian gei yi-wei laoshi ‘Xiaoming mailed every postcard to one teacher’, appear to be not ambiguous, where only the existential IO seems to take wide scope. This problem, which we call the dative puzzle, has not been systematically explored, either theoretically or experimentally. To fill this gap, we conducted an experiment on the scope interpretation of dative sentences in Mandarin, which confirms the above observation. A syntactic analysis for Mandarin DCs is proposed accordingly, where it is argued that (i) DCs share the same underlying structure with shift constructions (SCs) of the form [Subj V-gei IO DO], both containing a causative vP embedded under an action verb (cf. Cheng et al. 1999); (ii) the surface form of a DC is derived by an optional, vP-internal scrambling of the DO from the lowest complement position to an adjunct position; and (iii) such scrambling does not affect scope interpretation. Our proposal suggests that, insofar as inherently ditransitive verbs are concerned, Mandarin DCs and SCs are derivationally related, and the observed dative puzzle is shown to follow from the structural hierarchy of the advocated base syntax of DCs.

The role of values in shaping sustainable development perspectives and outcomes: A case study of Iceland

AbstractSustainability is conceptualized as a process of balancing growth, equity, and preservation, a definition that is drawn from the 1987 Brundtland Commission report, Our Common Future. While making sustainability a universal objective, this definition conceptualizes sustainability as a one‐size fits all technocratic solution, which removes the concept from the context of specific societies that must engage with sustainable development. Social scientific data about the nature of values, where they come from, with whom they resonate, and what goals for conservation and development they establish are equally necessary for the understanding and framing of sustainability. Policies are more effective if they are embedded in the value systems they engage. Drawing on a case study of Iceland this study examines the nature of values in shaping sustainable outcomes. We argue that regulative, normative, cultural, and cognitive institutional structures are in constant interaction with value systems and sustainability conceptions. We find that institutional structures and pro‐sustainability values are mutually reinforcing: institutional structures and place amplify value orientation. In turn, values influence the orientation of status‐quo institutional structures. Working with interview data and using a grounded theory approach, we build a model for understanding how sustainability is conceptualized in Iceland working from values through agents and industrial bases to generate strategies of development. Icelanders operationalize concepts of sustainability through innovations that improve the efficiency and preservation of natural resources. Our findings add additional layers to conventional pathways of valuation and demonstrate the importance of place and context in situating values of development.

Aging in Place, Envelhecimento em Casa e na Comunidade em Portugal

Aging in place means the ability to continue living at home and in the community over time, safely and independently. The promotion and enhancement of aging modalities at home and in the community is a model of social intervention currently favored by the World Health Organization as people get older (WHO, 2015). In this article we present the main data resulting from the collection and systematization of about eighty local initiatives, exploring how the concept of aging in place is operationalized in Portugal by public, private and associative entities. The initiatives identified are spread across the country and fall into twelve categories: support for caregivers; fight against isolation; gerotechnologies; home support; day and social centres; social intervention; leisure and learning; housing and physical spaces; health, nutrition and physical activity; safety; mobility; and psychological well-being. While some initiatives make more sense in a particular social context, others can be replicated anywhere, essentially because of their universal objectives, such as combating isolation or promoting mobility. All in all, we are looking at a good set of examples of what can be done locally to make it easier for people who so desire to grow old at home and in the surrounding community, thereby preserving their identity and ensuring a sense of continuity in its life cycle.

Aging in Place in Portugal

Aging in place means the ability to continue living at home and in the community over time, safely and independently. The promotion and enhancement of aging modalities at home and in the community is a model of social intervention currently favored by the World Health Organization as people get older (WHO, 2015). In this article we present the main data resulting from the collection and systematization of about eighty local initiatives, exploring how the concept of aging in place is operationalized in Portugal by public, private and associative entities. The initiatives identified are spread across the country and fall into twelve categories: support for caregivers; fight against isolation; gerotechnologies; home support; day and social centres; social intervention; leisure and learning; housing and physical spaces; health, nutrition and physical activity; safety; mobility; and psychological well-being. While some initiatives make more sense in a particular social context, others can be replicated anywhere, essentially because of their universal objectives, such as combating isolation or promoting mobility. All in all, we are looking at a good set of examples of what can be done locally to make it easier for people who so desire to grow old at home and in the surrounding community, thereby preserving their identity and ensuring a sense of continuity in its life cycle.

How to form a wormhole

We provide a simple but very useful description of the process of wormhole formation. We place two massive objects in two parallel universes (modeled by two branes). Gravitational attraction between the objects competes with the resistance coming from the brane tension. For sufficiently strong attraction, the branes are deformed, objects touch and a wormhole is formed. Our calculations show that more massive and compact objects are more likely to fulfill the conditions for wormhole formation. This implies that we should be looking for wormholes either in the background of black holes and compact stars, or massive microscopic relics. Our formation mechanism applies equally well for a wormhole connecting two objects in the same universe.

Black Holes and the Supermassive Compact Object at the Galactic Center: Multi-arts of Thought and Nature

Black Holes and the Supermassive Compact Object at the Galactic Center: Multi-arts of Thought and Nature

Multimessenger observations of the Universe objects over a wide range of electromagnetic radiation

Multimessenger observations of the Universe objects over a wide range of electromagnetic radiation

The adjustable approaches to multi-criteria group decision making based on inverse fuzzy soft matrices

In this paper, we focus on the matrices representing the inverse fuzzy soft sets over both the universal object set and the universal parameter set. Some basic operations and properties of these inverse fuzzy soft matrices are investigated. Moreover, two adjustable approaches to multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM), namely inverse fuzzy soft sum-product decision making (IFSSPDM) and inverse fuzzy soft distributive If-difference decision making (IFSDIf-dDM), are proposed. The IFSSPDM approach achieves the optimal choice for the MCGDM problem based on the inverse fuzzy soft structures consisting of multiple-discrete parameter sets and common universal object sets. The objective of IFSDIf-dDM approach is to present a solution for the MCGDM problem based on the inverse fuzzy soft structures consisting of a common universal parameter set and two discrete universal object sets. Thus, the solutions can be obtained using the practicality of inverse fuzzy soft matrices for two different types of decision making problems. Besides, the comparisons are presented showing that the proposed approaches produce more convincing outputs than the current fuzzy soft approaches.

Uma viagem aos meandros do inferno verde: planos discursivos da campanha publicitária do Hotel Amazonas na revista “O Cruzeiro” 1950-1951

O artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão crítica sobre a temática ambiental reproduzida na esfera do discurso da arquitetura e construção, a partir da expressão “Inferno Verde”, uma designação da floresta da Amazónia proveniente do discurso literário. A análise incide sobre a campanha publicitária de um hotel construído e inaugurado em Manaus na década de 1950, examinada segundo o dispositivo teórico-metodológico da análise de discurso, destacando-se de entre os diversos planos discursivos objeto de integração nesta análise, as noções de intertextualidade, interdiscurso e ethos. A investigação incide sobre dois iconotextos dessa campanha, publicados numa revista ilustrada de grande tiragem, colocando em confronto as circunstâncias e instâncias de enunciação com os efeitos de sentido pretendidos e produzidos. Os resultados salientam as tensões existentes entre discursos contrários bem como no uso da expressão “Inferno Verde”. Simultaneamente que é engendrada a ilusão de imersão do objeto arquitetónico num universo natural inóspito, é também recriada uma distorção desse próprio espaço, junto do qual o hotel ganha atratividade por contraste e distanciamento, e a qual, quando perpetuada no discurso da modernidade atua como potencial condicionante do entendimento do(s) ecossistema(s) apenas como paraíso(s) terrestre(s) enquanto murado(s), urbanizado(s) e em suma, domesticado(s).

überSpark

Today's computing ecosystem, comprising commodity heterogeneous interconnected computing (CHIC) platforms, is increasingly being employed for critical applications, consequently demanding fairly strong end-to-end assurances. However, the generality and system complexity of today's CHIC stack seem to outpace existing tools and methodologies toward provable end-to-end guarantees. This paper describes our on-going research, and presents überSpark, a system architecture that argues for structuring the CHIC stack around Universal Object Abstractions (üobjects), a fundamental system abstraction and building block towards practical and provable end-to-end guarantees.

Higher genus theory

AbstractIn $1801$, Gauss found an explicit description, in the language of binary quadratic forms, for the $2$-torsion of the narrow class group and dual narrow class group of a quadratic number field. This is now known as Gauss’s genus theory. In this paper, we extend Gauss’s work to the setting of multi-quadratic number fields. To this end, we introduce and parametrize the categories of expansion groups and expansion Lie algebras, giving an explicit description for the universal objects of these categories. This description is inspired by the ideas of Smith [ 16] in his recent breakthrough on Goldfeld’s conjecture and the Cohen–Lenstra conjectures. Our main result shows that the maximal unramified multi-quadratic extension $L$ of a multi-quadratic number field $K$ can be reconstructed from the set of generalized governing expansions supported in the set of primes that ramify in $K$. This provides a recursive description for the group $\textrm{Gal}(L/\mathbb{Q})$ and a systematic procedure to construct the field $L$. A special case of our main result gives an upper bound for the size of $\textrm{Cl}^{+}(K)[2]$.

Lower Bounds, and Exact Enumeration in Particular Cases, for the Probability of Existence of a Universal Cycle or a Universal Word for a Set of Words

A universal cycle, or u-cycle, for a given set of words is a circular word that contains each word from the set exactly once as a contiguous subword. The celebrated de Bruijn sequences are a particular case of such a u-cycle, where a set in question is the set A n of all words of length n over a k-letter alphabet A. A universal word, or u-word, is a linear, i.e., non-circular, version of the notion of a u-cycle, and it is defined similarly. Removing some words in A n may, or may not, result in a set of words for which u-cycle, or u-word, exists. The goal of this paper is to study the probability of existence of the universal objects in such a situation. We give lower bounds for the probability in general cases, and also derive explicit answers for the case of removing up to two words in A n , or the case when k = 2 and n ≤ 4 .

Milky Way Satellites Shining Bright in Gravitational Waves

Abstract The population of Milky Way satellite galaxies is of great interest for cosmology, fundamental physics, and astrophysics. They represent the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function, are the most dark-matter-dominated objects in the local universe, and contain the oldest and most metal-poor stellar populations. Recent surveys have revealed around 60 satellites, but this could represent less than half of the total. Characterization of these systems remains a challenge due to their low luminosity. We consider the gravitational-wave observatory LISA as a potential tool for studying these satellites through observations of their short-period double white dwarf populations. LISA will observe the entire sky without selection effects due to dust extinction, complementing optical surveys, and could potentially discover massive satellites hidden behind the disk of the Galaxy.

Universal-RCNN: Universal Object Detector via Transferable Graph R-CNN

The dominant object detection approaches treat each dataset separately and fit towards a specific domain, which cannot adapt to other domains without extensive retraining. In this paper, we address the problem of designing a universal object detection model that exploits diverse category granularity from multiple domains and predict all kinds of categories in one system. Existing works treat this problem by integrating multiple detection branches upon one shared backbone network. However, this paradigm overlooks the crucial semantic correlations between multiple domains, such as categories hierarchy, visual similarity, and linguistic relationship. To address these drawbacks, we present a novel universal object detector called Universal-RCNN that incorporates graph transfer learning for propagating relevant semantic information across multiple datasets to reach semantic coherency. Specifically, we first generate a global semantic pool by integrating all high-level semantic representation of all the categories. Then an Intra-Domain Reasoning Module learns and propagates the sparse graph representation within one dataset guided by a spatial-aware GCN. Finally, an Inter-Domain Transfer Module is proposed to exploit diverse transfer dependencies across all domains and enhance the regional feature representation by attending and transferring semantic contexts globally. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms multiple-branch models and achieves the state-of-the-art results on multiple object detection benchmarks (mAP: 49.1% on COCO).

Sexism and the stars What Stars Are Made Of: The Life of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Donovan Moore Harvard University Press, 2020. 320 pp.

A new biography tells the tale of an accomplished astronomer's barrier-breaking life

On monolithic supermassive stars

ABSTRACT Supermassive stars have been proposed as the progenitors of the massive ($\sim \!10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) quasars observed at z ∼ 7. Prospects for directly detecting supermassive stars with next-generation facilities depend critically on their intrinsic lifetimes, as well as their formation rates. We use the one-dimensional stellar evolution code kepler to explore the theoretical limiting case of zero-metallicity non-rotating stars, formed monolithically with initial masses between $10$ and $190\, \mathrm{kM}_{\odot }$. We find that stars born with masses between $\sim\! 60$ and $\sim\! 150\, \mathrm{kM}_{\odot }$ collapse at the end of the main sequence, burning stably for $\sim\! 1.5\, \mathrm{Myr}$. More massive stars collapse directly through the general relativistic instability after only a thermal time-scale of $\sim\! 3$–$4\, \mathrm{kyr}$. The expected difficulty in producing such massive thermally relaxed objects, together with recent results for currently preferred rapidly accreting formation models, suggests that such ‘truly direct’ or ‘dark’ collapses may not be typical for supermassive objects in the early Universe. We close by discussing the evolution of supermassive stars in the broader context of massive primordial stellar evolution and the possibility of supermassive stellar explosions.

Gravitational waves from binary black holes as probes of the structure formation history

Gravitational-wave detectors on earth have detected gravitational waves from merging compact objects in the local Universe. In future we will detect gravitational waves from higher-redshift sources, which trace the high-redshift structure formation history. That is, by observing high-redshift gravitational-wave events we will be able to probe structure formation history. This will provide additional insight into the early Universe when primordial fluctuations are generated and also into the nature of dark matter.

Spectra as universal objects in categories of supports

Many years ago, André Joyal outlined a method of describing the Zariski spectrum $Spec(R)$ of a commutative ring $R$ in a manner that makes no reference to prime ideals of $R$. In Joyal’s approach, the spectrum is not a topological space, but a distributi

An Essay Concerning the Substance of Counseling

Our modern world appears to lack a way to find truth. Philosophically, this problem is formulated in a manner of knowing which never gets beyond the subject of the universe; even objectivity in the universe is arguable. The effort called empirical science then gives us conclusions that regularly perpetuate an unstable world. Due to this real subjective empirical constraint, the usual approach to therapeutic Counseling offers methods focused on the individual obtaining skills and conceptions that function to mitigate the apparent and ubiquitous problem of modernity. Empirical science, whether it be physical, biological or phenomenal, has left us with only problem; it leaves us in a lurch, right in the middle of a contradiction of a subject able to know truth. This is the main problem of mental health. I propose that modern problems of mental health cannot be solved truly with reference to what I call the conventional method of experiment and argumentative reason. We require a true and knowable substance of the universe if we are to gain headway. To this end, I propose a unitive discipline of Counseling founded in what is true of the universe. Less about the negotiation between subjects and more about what is true of that negotiation. This essay uses the philosophy of Graham Harman, called Object Oriented Ontology, or “Triple-O”, as a means to begin to establish the truthful substance of Counseling as a discipline in its own right, which is to say as well, as a universal object.