National Development Objectives Research Articles

Promoting the Nation: Conflicting Theories of Tourism during Decolonization in Papua New Guinea, 1960–70s

ABSTRACT This article delves into the development of tourism in Papua New Guinea during the decolonization era from 1960 to the 1970s. It argues that divergent theories and strategies emerged regarding the promotion of tourism. One perspective, championed by the Australian colonizers, viewed the exotic aspects of the Indigenous savage culture as the primary attraction for tourists. On the contrary, another faction led by nationalist Papuans and New Guineans advocated for a focus on respect and dignity of the Indigenous people, aligning with the nation’s journey towards self-governance and eventual independence. This article highlights the significance of promoting a positive image and upholding respect, particularly in a nation grappling with perceptions of ‘otherness’ and a legacy of colonialism. As Papua New Guinea progressed towards self-rule and sovereignty, tourism development became intertwined with broader national development objectives that prioritized economic empowerment and the welfare of its citizens over the pursuit of a competitive destination in the Pacific.

Sustainable Well-Being and Sustainable Consumption and Production: An Efficiency Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 12

The core objective of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 is to do more and better with less, increasing net well-being gains from economic activities by reducing resource use, degradation, and pollution along the whole lifecycle while simultaneously improving quality of life. This paper quantifies the level of achievement of sustainable consumption and production in terms of efficiency scores. Due to data envelopment analysis, it is possible to monitor progress towards SDG 12, identifying the best performers to take as examples and the fields in which there is room for improvement. Although interesting differences emerge in countries’ efficiency, the results show that the best performers are OECD members, partners, and accession candidates. This underscores the crucial role of the OECD in advancing national sustainable development objectives.

Staging the Robot: Performing Techno-Politics of Innovation for Care Robotics in Japan

In response to the challenges posed by a rapidly aging society and its associated socio-economic difficulties, the Japanese government has encouraged the adoption of AI and robotics technologies for care. Conspicuous investments in these technologies in Japan underscore the dominance of techno-politics of innovation and the advocacy for the robotization of care practices. Such narratives — disseminated by the Japanese state, industry, media, and academia — often overlook the perspectives of the expected users of these technologies. This paper, rooted in a 14-month-long ethnographic study conducted at robotics labs in Japan and the UK in 2022–2023, examines the performance and ethical implications of technoscientific imaginaries portraying Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) as already reliable, safe, and efficient. It sheds light on the intricate relationship between science, technology, the state, and society, emphasizing their use as instruments of power for state-led national development objectives. Moreover, it exposes how technology is presented, creating an illusion of efficiency while neglecting the necessity of involving society in co-designing and co-producing these technologies. The paper ultimately advocates for responsible innovation, emphasizing in particular the need for user involvement to ensure these technologies are not only more efficient and reliable, but also more accessible, inclusive, and fairer.

Comparison of distance-based spatial weight matrix in modeling Internet signal strengths in Tasikmalaya regency using logistic spatial autoregressive model

To ensure that national development objectives in rural areas are achieved evenly and sustainably, the Government of Indonesia applies the principles of Village Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are derivative programs of SDGs. One of the indicators in measuring the progress and independence of villages in Indonesia is the availability of cellular phone signal access. Cellular phone signals have a vital role because most internet users in Indonesia rely on mobile data connections from cellular operators. However, the signal emitted by a provider tower has a limited range. According to the data of the Developing Villages Index in 2022, Tasikmalaya Regency is one of the regencies with the highest number of villages that have weak signal strength in West Java Province, Indonesia. To examine the effect of distance and height difference between the placement of the nearest provider tower and the location of the Village Office on the internet signal strength category in Tasikmalaya Regency, Logistic Spatial Autoregressive modeling is needed. In this study, the Bayesian Markov-Chain Monte Carlo estimation method was used, because it has advantages in flexibility and computational efficiency. In spatial modeling, there is a spatial weight matrix determined by the researcher’s understanding of the observed phenomenon. The variable observed in this study is signal strength, which has an orientation at a distance. However, there are several types of distance-based spatial weight matrices, such as K-nearest neighbor, radial distance, power distance, and exponential distance. To determine the most suitable distance-based spatial weight matrix in internet signal strength modeling, the four (4) weight matrices were compared based on the goodness of fit measure models, calculated from the confusion matrix. The results of the analysis showed that the radial distance weight matrix with a threshold distance of d = 1.7km is the most suitable use of distance-based spatial weight matrix in internet signal modeling in Tasikmalaya Regency. The weight matrix exerted a positive spatial autocorrelation effect of 57.141%. In addition, the height difference factor between the location of the provider tower with the location of the village office has a greater effect than the horizontal distance.

МЕТОДИКА РАНЖИРОВАНИЯ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕЛЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ

In the article, the authors propose an approach to assessing indicators characterizing the level of achievement of national goals and strategic development objectives in Russian regions. At the same time, it is proposed, on the basis of the developed methodology, to rank the subjects of the Russian Federation in accordance with the results achieved, to identify and replicate the best practices for achieving national development goals, taking into account the testing of the rating assessment for individual indicators.

О ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯХ ОЦЕНКИ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАМИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕЛЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The paper considers the procedure for evaluating the indicators proposed by the authors to assess the achievement of national goals and strategic development objectives in the regions of Russia. It is assumed that the approach proposed by the authors will allow for effective ongoing monitoring of the implementation of the strategic tasks facing the highest officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and in the future will become the main one for the development of a comprehensive methodology for rating regions, ensuring the identification and replication of best practices for achieving national development goals.

Regional Policy in Ukraine – Importance for Post-War Reconstruction

Our analysis sets out a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of regional development programmes in Ukraine. Specifically, we investigate to what extent the Ukrainian approach to regional development policy resembles the successful approach taken by the EU programmes of Cohesion Policy in the post-2004 New Member States. In addition, drawing on initial versions of Ukrainian national and regional models, we illustrate how the bottom-up regional approach initiated in Ukraine needs to be co-ordinated with a top-down national perspective that identifies and distinguishes national development objectives from specifically regional objectives. Such methodologies, suitably adapted, will be required during post-war reconstruction.

Innovative Approaches In Tni's Territorial Development To Utilize The Demographic Dividend For The Realization Of Indonesia's Golden 2045 Vision

This research examines innovations in territorial development by the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) in response to the demographic bonus with the goal of achieving the Indonesia Emas 2045 (Golden Indonesia 2045) vision. The study explores the phenomena and approaches used in leveraging demographic potential as a means to achieve long-term national development objectives. The research findings provide insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by the TNI in implementing territorial innovations and the implications of these efforts for realizing the Indonesia Emas 2045 vision. TNI's territorial development must adopt a comprehensive and forward-looking approach. It plays a pivotal role in preparing the younger generation to contribute to the realization of the Indonesia Emas 2045 vision. Through innovative methods, empowerment, and education that emphasize positive values, the younger generation can become agents of change who are competitive, ethically grounded, and dedicated to advancing Indonesia as a developed nation and playing a significant role on the global stage.

INDICES FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

The article is devoted to the study of foreign and domestic experience in assessing the quality of life of the population. The issues of assessing the quality of life of the population are becoming relevant again in the light of the implementation of national goals and strategic development objectives of both the country as a whole and in the regional aspect.

Discursive trends and their socio-ecological implications in Senegal's renewable energy turn

By 2025, Senegal's energy mix will have shifted from one reliant on heavy fuel oil to one consisting primarily of solar and wind energy as well as liquefied natural gas. The expectation is that this will lead to lower greenhouse gas emissions, more affordable power, and broad-based growth and development. Despite the necessity of a transition to renewable energy, scholarship in critical energy geographies has cautioned that such a transition could (re)produce socio-environmental injustices. Yet only a relatively small (but growing) number of studies in the political ecology of renewable energy literature examines how energy transitions are framed and justified as part of national-level narratives in the global South. Understanding this is critical because framing (renewable) energy in relation to national development objectives is a strategy central to the material development of renewable energy projects. Through a case study of Senegal, this paper examines the national-level discourses that underlie the country's turn towards utility-scale renewable energy by analyzing key documents and institutional interviews (carried out between 2018 and 2020). Findings show that a dominant group of development actors along with state institutions mobilizes a “grand narrative” on economic growth and poverty reduction vis a vis renewable energy development to facilitate a shift to renewables that rests on market logics, with questionable implications for equity and justice. The paper reflects on the implications of this narrative for the potential of a just energy transition in Senegal, as well as the broader theoretical and empirical implications of the research.

Investigating Risks to the Implementation of the Great Equatorial Landbridge (GELB) Highway Project across Africa

Transboundary Trade Corridors (TTC) are becoming increasingly important for achieving national, regional, and global development objectives. However, the cross-boundary nature of these projects involves dealing with diverse contexts that span across different countries and involve multiple stakeholders with varying interests. These circumstances exacerbate the risks and uncertainties that arise during their implementation, intensifying the challenges involved in making decisions about how to proceed with their execution. Insufficient evaluations of development projects have been identified as a contributing factor to unforeseen risks, which in turn can result in the underperformance and failure of transportation infrastructure projects. This ultimately acts as an impediment to achieving sustainable development goals. Further, rapid deployment of post risk-event corrective measures can exacerbate, for instance, macro-economic crisis and civil unrest. The Great Equatorial Land Bridge is a TTC planned to traverse five countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, South-Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya. Despite the anticipated advantages for globalization, political cooperation, and regional integration, the risks that must be addressed to successfully implement this project are still uncertain. We, therefore, use a Multicriteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework to investigate risks to its successful implementation. The analysis results highlight that effectively managing economic, political, and geographic risks is crucial for the successful implementation of the project. Policy-makers, contractors and multiple stakeholders will benefit from this study’s depiction of the risks and their relative importance. Results can also inform actions toward sustainable development of the project.

GENERAL INSURANCE BUSINESS TRENDS (PRE-LIBERALIZATION PERIOD)

The policy frame reveals that the General Insurance Corporation (GIC) in India during the pre-reform period was well-directed to achieve national planning and development objectives. Analyzing the performance of the GIC, including the progress of four subsidiaries, is essential to highlight achievements and business trends between 1973 and 1999-2000. The analysis should focus on trends in paid-up capital, gross premium, net premium, underwriting profits, net profit, and investment income. In general insurance contracts, insurers indemnify the insured for losses caused by specified risks, charging a remuneration called premium. Premiums are received for one year and are renewed only if the contract is renewed. The Insurance Act 1938 requires insurers to provide separate figures for businesses mobilized in and out of India, indicating the volume of business undertaken by organizations

THE IMPACT OF DIGITIZATION IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

Considering today s technical and technological progress, digitization represents a clear solution in ensuring an appropriate development that responds to new trends and that ensures the successful achievement of strategic national development objectives. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the contribution of digitization to the growth of the national economy in a sustainable way and our goal in finding new solutions for overall development of our country to match the other countries in European Union. In the study, we sought to highlight the most relevant factors of the digitization process with direct involvement in the sustainable development of the economy. To carry out this research, we used the factor analysis method with the help of the IBM-SPSS software to select the representative variables. The purpose of using this analysis method is to identify the factors with the strongest impact/role on the development of digital infrastructure at the level of the national economy in order to support a sustainable development, having as a reference base the evolution of some representative indicators that marked this process during 2017 – 2022. The evolution and dynamics of the influencing factors resulting from the research determine the detailed analysis and the identification of potential discrepancies between the digital transformation process and the proposed objectives.

Analisis Kurikulum Merdeka pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Kelas VII di Madrasah Tsanawiyah

This research analyzes the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the subject of Fiqih at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. The Merdeka Curriculum offers flexibility for educational institutions, including madrasahs, to tailor their curricula to the unique characteristics and needs of their students. This study focuses on the adaptation of Fiqih within this framework. Using a qualitative approach, the research employs curriculum document analysis, interviews, and observations in several Madrasah Tsanawiyah. The findings reveal that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the Fiqih subject has facilitated the integration of learning materials that reflect local wisdom and Islamic values. However, challenges remain, particularly in integrating learning aspects that respond to contemporary developments and students' needs. Furthermore, evaluation and teaching methods require further refinement to achieve the holistic goals of Islamic education. This research aims to provide valuable insights for education policymakers, madrasah administrators, and educators, to enhance the quality of religious education at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level, aligning it with the broader objectives of national education development.

THE AUTHORITY OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENT TO REGULATE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

The construction service sector is a community activity to realize the national development objectives that must ensure legal order and certainty. In general, the problem with infrastructure in the province of South Sulawesi is that the level of service performance is still not optimal, particularly the availability of construction experts that are not yet optimal both in terms of data collection and training, as well as the availability of information on construction services that has yet to be optimal. The authority of the Governor regarding the Construction Services Management is a concurrent governmental affair that has been delegated to the governor, which is also an implementation of the principle of deconcentration relating to 2 (two) matters, namely: (1) managing training for construction experts and (2) implementing a construction service information system with provincial area coverage.Construction Service Affairs in South Sulawesi are carried out by the Public Works and Spatial Planning Department of the province of South Sulawesi in the field of construction services. However, they have not been carried out in accordance with the concerns provided in the context of construction services. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a regional regulation regarding the implementation of construction services in the province of South Sulawesi pertaining to Government affairs in the Public Works and Spatial Planning sector that has not been conducted in accordance with governmental affairs in the Public Works and Spatial Planning sector.

The importance of public procurement for the strategic objectives of national socio-economic development

The involvement of the public authorities in socio-economic processes serves to achieve the objectives of the adopted policy of the State (or, respectively, the European Union). The state’s policy devised to foster socio-economic development is an instance of active state interventionism. In Polish legislation, this policy has been defined by the legislator as development policy. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that public procurement is an instrument for achieving the strategic objectives of the development policy, thus drawing on the concept of ‘strategic use of public procurement’: a particular notion of the role of public procurement in the context of the strategic approach to development. One of the premises here is that a specific public goal – whose achievement is desirable from the standpoint of public procurement law – should serve to achieve the strategic objectives of development policy law. The article underscores the instrumental (albeit crucial) nature of public procurement with respect to state policy. For the purposes of the study, it was assumed that failure to appreciate the essence of using public procurement in the pursuit of strategic development objectives will adversely affect the consistency of public objectives and, consequently, result in incoherent actions. In this context, the author assesses the provisions of the Public Procurement Law, which provides the grounds for the adoption of the national purchasing policy that emphasizes the relevance of linking public procurement with the achievement of state objectives. The article shows that the introduction of the obligation to prepare a state purchasing policy and linking this document with the system of strategic development planning confirms the strategic use of procurement, which should serve the implementation of important public interests.

Legal Regulation of Strategic Public Administration in the Field of Environmental Protection (on the Example of the Subjects of the Ural Federal District)

In this article, the author, using content analysis based on the formal legal method, investigated strategic planning documents in the field of environmental protection at the federal level, as well as in the subjects of the Russian Federation located on the territory of the Ural Federal District. Based on the results of their analysis, the author concludes that the existing system of strategic management in the field of environmental protection includes at the federal level the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on national development goals and development objectives, the Environmental Safety Strategy and the national project "Ecology. At the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation, it includes strategies for the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, state programs of the subjects of the Russian Federation (in the field of creating a favorable environment) and regional projects in this area. The author also notes that the period of implementation of state programs in the field of environmental protection differs in different subjects of the Russian Federation, and also differs from the period of implementation of national development goals and socio-economic development strategies of the relevant subjects of the Russian Federation, which requires adjustments for the harmonious development of the strategic management system. Also, according to the author, the fifth paragraph of Article 6 of Federal Law No. 7-FZ of January 10, 2002 requires correction, since it does not correspond to the provision of paragraph 8 of part 1 of Article 44 of Federal Law No. 414-FZ of December 21, 2021, which establishes the authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation to organize and implement regional and inter-municipal programs and projects in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety.

Assessing measurement model of performance management in government agencies using SEM-PLS analysis

The government has formed various formulations of national development objectives. The problem formulation has pushed the government to evaluate every existing work program. Performance assessment is carried out on various existing development on public sectors to optimize performance management. This paper explains the government performance measurement model using the structural equation modeling based on partial least squares (SEM-PLS) method. Measurement of performance management is based on three factors: 1) institutional dimension; 2) operational dimensions; 3) value-added dimension (Alawaqleh, 2021; Kasannudin, 2021; Muizu & Sari, 2019). This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to local governments in Yogyakarta, West Java, and South Sumatra. As a result of this study, the significant impact of operational measurement, value-added measurement and institutional policy on improving the performance of the organization was confirmed. The study found that the first factor in establishing sustainable performance management is the operational dimension which is one of the keys to sustainable performance management through government evaluation systems. This study is expected to be an important input for policymakers and practitioners in the development and implementation of sound and sustainable performance management systems.

Research on the potential demand for non-commercial rental housing

Introduction. Existing market, regulatory, organizational and economic mechanisms do not cope with the urgent tasks in the housing sphere of Russia. Inaccessibility of housing purchase and mortgage lending for a large part of the population leads to the need to seek other forms of solving the housing problem, in particular, to realize this need by renting housing. The article is devoted to one of the socio-economic objectives of national development — the formation of a civilized market of non-commercial rental housing.
 
 Materials and methods. The method of sociological survey used for students studying in Moscow allowed us to obtain the opinion of people who will stay to work in this region in the future. To determine the parameters of the sociological survey, the study used the basic principles of the quota sampling method with interrelated parameters. When processing the obtained information, the well-known methods of culling the results of the survey, the analysis of linear distributions, correlation analysis were used. Tables, pie charts and histograms were used to visualize the results of the obtained data, which allow making a comparative analysis.
 
 Results. In order to conduct a sociological survey, the research program presented in the article was developed. The authors studied the ranked list of consumers of the residential real estate rental market. The assessment of the segments of social and non-commercial rental housing and the prospects for their development is presented. Among the consumers the authors have reasonably singled out young professionals and characterized this group from the position of potential demand on the market of non-commercial rental housing. The authors identified the socio-economic problem and determined the direction of the study — the consideration of future university graduates as potential consumers of rental housing. In addition, the study allowed the authors to identify the directions of formation of a civilized housing rental market, in particular, the prospects of state regulation.
 
 Conclusions. As a result of the study the availability and options for future graduates to realize the need for housing, the characteristics of the potential demand of future graduates for non-profit housing rental were investigated. The generalization of the results allowed the authors to identify the main directions of development of the market of non-commercial rental housing.

Measuring and Explainingde factoRegional Policy Autonomy Variation in a Constitutionally Symmetrical Federation: The Case of Ethiopia, 1995–2020

AbstractThis article measures regional policy autonomy and explains the factors that drive autonomy variation in land policy from 1995 to 2020, taking Ethiopia, the late twentieth-century adoption of federalism and a federation of very diverse regions, as a case. By comparing three regions, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, the article shows that de facto regional policy autonomy varies, although the regions are constitutionally symmetrical. Why do some regions have less de facto autonomy than others? Contrary to conventional expectations, party noncongruence appears less important in explaining the regional autonomy variation. Regional capacity, national integration goals and development objectives appear to have played a major role in generating de facto regional policy autonomy variation without a constitutional amendment. Regions lacking capacity and peripheral regions tend to face more centralization than others. Insights from Ethiopia imply that states embracing federalism should consider regional inequality in development and capacity in designing a federal constitution.