Objective Framework Research Articles

Linked Metadata for FAIR Digital Objects Carrying Computable Knowledge

Linked Metadata for FAIR Digital Objects Carrying Computable Knowledge

Towards an extensible FAIRness assessment of FAIR Digital Objects

The objective of the FAIR Digital Objects Framework (FDOF) is for objects published in a digital environment to comply with a set of requirements, such as identifiability, and the use of a rich metadata record (Santos 2021, Schultes and Wittenburg 2019, Schwardmann 2020). With the increasing prevalence of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, and FAIR Digital Objects (FDO), used within different communities and domains (Wise et al. 2019), there will be a need to evaluate whether a FDO meets the requirements of the ecosystem in which it is used. Without a dedicated framework, communities will develop isolated assessment systems from the ground up (Sun et al. 2022, Bahim et al. 2020), which will cost them time, and lead to FAIRness assessments with limited interoperability and comparability. Previous work from the FAIR Metrics working group defined a framework for deploying individual FAIR metrics tests as separate services endpoints (Wilkinson et al. 2018, Wilkinson et al. 2019). To work in accordance with this framework, each test should take a subject URL as input, and return a score, either 0 or 1, a test version, and the test execution logs. A central service can then be used to assess the FAIRness of digital objects using collections of individual assessments. Such a framework could be easily extended, but there are currently no guidelines or tools to implement and publish new FAIRness assessments complying with this framework. To amend this problem, we published the fair-test library in python and its documentation, which help with developing and deploying individual FAIRness assessments. With this library, developers define their metric tests using custom python objects, which will guide them to provide all required metadata for their test as attributes, and implement the test evaluation logic as a function. The library also provides additional helper functions for common tasks, such as retrieving metadata from a URL, or testing a metric test. These tests can then be deployed as a web API, and registered in a central FAIR evaluation service supporting the FAIR metrics working group framework, such as FAIR enough or the FAIR evaluator. Finally, users of the evaluation services will be able to group the registered metrics tests in collections used to assess the quality of publicly available digital objects. There are currently as many as 47 tests that have been defined to assess compliance with various FAIR metrics, from which 25 have been defined using the fair-test library, including assessing if the identifier used is persistent, or if the metadata record attached to a digital object complies with a specific schema. This presentation introduces a user-friendly and extensible tool, which can assess whether specific requirements are met for a digital resource. Our contributions are: Developing and publishing the fair-test library to make the development and deployment of independent FAIRness assessment tests easier. Developing and publishing tests in python for existing FAIR metrics: 23 generic tests covering most of the FAIR metrics, and 2 domain-specific tests for the Rare Disease research community. Developing and publishing the fair-test library to make the development and deployment of independent FAIRness assessment tests easier. Developing and publishing tests in python for existing FAIR metrics: 23 generic tests covering most of the FAIR metrics, and 2 domain-specific tests for the Rare Disease research community. We aim to engage with the FDO community to explore potential use-cases for an extensible tool to evaluate FDOs, and discuss their expectations related to the evaluation of digital objects. Insights and guidelines from the FDO community would contribute to further improving the fair-test ecosystem. Among improvements that are currently being under consideration, we can cite improving the collaborative aspect of metadata extraction, or adding new metadata to be returned by the tests.

WORLD TRENDS FROM 2022

This paper, divided in three chapters of uneven length, analyses the world trends in near future. Forecasting major processes at the global scale is a key task of the IR discipline. Author asks the question whether current world order restructuring is causing the outbreak of the new World War. In order to answer the question, he first underlines importance of forecasting, and explains what the world war is. Author claims that approach according to which it is required to have theoretical background in order to make scientific prediction is erroneous. The closest there is to objective framework is according to the author, to employ Italian neoclassical geopolitical school. In the article, author questions international and national, societal, political and only briefly economic trends in the collective West and in the Middle East. He presents the reasons why BRICS, or the East and South are growing and leading the change in major power redistribution in the framework of the new multipolar world order.

Challenges in fish aging: the role of otolith preparation technique and experience level in aging lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

Lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818)) is an important commercial and recreational species in the Great Lakes. Precise age estimates are important for management, and two widely used techniques for otolith preparation are thin-section and crack-and-burn, which have not been compared for lake whitefish. Sagittal otoliths were collected from 92 lake whitefish in Green Bay and Lake Michigan and aged using thin-section and crack-and-burn techniques. Otoliths were aged independently by three individuals (two novices and one expert) to assess repeatability in estimated ages. Our investigation highlights the inherent difficulty of aging lake whitefish, where thin-section produced significantly older estimated ages (6–30 years) compared to crack-and-burn (5–26 years). Percent agreement of estimated ages between preparation techniques was low for all readers within ±0 years but increased when tolerance buffers were applied. Mean coefficient of variation values from both experience levels (>10.8%) exceeded the acceptable range reported in the literature (5%–7%); however, species longevity and nature of the structure must be considered when establishing target values. Variation in estimated ages is attributed to the experience level and interpretation of structural features. Species-specific training and establishing an objective framework to identify annuli will improve precision metrics.

SeqCode: a nomenclatural code for prokaryotes described from sequence data

Most prokaryotes are not available as pure cultures and therefore ineligible for naming under the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP). Here we summarize the development of the SeqCode, a code of nomenclature under which genome sequences serve as nomenclatural types. This code enables valid publication of names of prokaryotes based upon isolate genome, metagenome-assembled genome or single-amplified genome sequences. Otherwise, it is similar to the ICNP with regard to the formation of names and rules of priority. It operates through the SeqCode Registry (https://seqco.de/), a registration portal through which names and nomenclatural types are registered, validated and linked to metadata. We describe the two paths currently available within SeqCode to register and validate names, including Candidatus names, and provide examples for both. Recommendations on minimal standards for DNA sequences are provided. Thus, the SeqCode provides a reproducible and objective framework for the nomenclature of all prokaryotes regardless of cultivability and facilitates communication across microbiological disciplines.

The Position of the Jordanian Parliament from the Internal Policies of the Government of Suleiman Al-Nabulsi (1956-1957) AD. (Study in the Parliament's Minutes)

The study examines the positions of the Fifth Jordanian Parliament’s members from the internal policies of Suleiman Nabulsi's government from 1956-1957, including issues of freedom, democracy, economic, and developmental issues, with the ideas and demands presented by the members to develop. Actually, the Fifth parliament is significant because of the broad representation of the political parties, which exceeded half of its deputies. Moreover, the Nabulsi government is important because it was the first Jordanian experience with formation of a party-based parliamentary government that emerged from the parliament. Thus, this study compresence the intellectual and political debate defined, especially with regard to the government’s internal policies, the nature and its relationship with it, the quality of concerns, and the types of challenges which preoccupied the parties at the time, and to analyze the ideas, programs, legislation to address. The study combined the historical approach of temporal and objective frameworks and placing them in their historical context analyzing of governmental and parliamentary discourse to understand the parties' positions and ways of thinking and approaching domestic politics. The study relied primarily on the minutes of the Fifth Jordanian Parliament's sessions preserved in the Jordanian parliament's archive and published in the Official Gazette, and a large number of studies on the experience of the government of Suleiman Nabulsi, a number of Jordanian newspapers, and references in Arabic and English that discussed the affairs of this period. It should be noted that no previous research has been conducted on this topic and based on the parliament's archive.

New trends in network modeling of psychopathology.

New trends in network modeling of psychopathology.

A review of digitalization and sustainability in parks and recreation indicators and thresholds research

Park and recreation researchers have integrated digitalization into visitor use assessments, aiming to provide managers with information to assist with decision-making and sustainability goals. Applying a management framework of objectives, indicators, and thresholds of quality guided by normative theory, researchers have explored how to define and manage sustainability in park and recreation settings since the 1960s. Digitalized presentations of indicators are more recent (1990s) and continue to advance this framework. A review of the contributions and transferability of these digitalized methods and contexts is necessary, considering both the increasing popularity of its application across parks, recreation, and tourism management and its potential to incorporate sustainability measures. We conducted a related systematic literature review, synthesizing 91 qualifying peer-reviewed articles sourced from thousands examined. In particular, we examined elements of context, digitalization, and sustainability. We found that the method has broadly advanced measuring indicators through varied application of visual, aural, and simulated conditions. However, results indicate that researchers have applied digitalization of indicators most often through research question-focused case study, in U.S. national parks, for social indicators and particularly “people at one time,” and without reference to monitoring. These constraints may limit the method's contributions toward sustainability. Digitalization facilitates sustainable park and recreation management by expanding the indicators examined and corresponding methods used and offers sustainable management strategies for concerns established and emergent. This systematic literature review can help enhance the robustness of this management framework and its transferability to the global context. Results from this investigation suggest that although park and recreation management agencies’ objectives are often broadly focused on sustainability, and visitor use and perceptions studies also focus on this general goal, this connection is not explicitly detailed in the majority of the sources examined. This provides opportunity for managers and researchers to discuss these connections further and ensure that practices related to sustainability (such as monitoring plans) are included across communications.

Integrating Sustainability and Users’ Demands in the Retrofit of a University Campus in China

Green retrofit is essential for the sustainable development of Chinese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Limited by time and cost, a campus retrofit plan needs to consider both sustainability principles and usage demands to set feasible priorities. By integrating usage demands with sustainability principles, this paper aims to observe the relationship between the sustainability assessment tool (SAT) indicators of campus retrofit and users’ needs in this process. The Chinese official SAT for campuses was combined with the campus environment components from six investigated HEIs, and then processed by a group of 15 members to establish an implementable framework of retrofit objectives. Taking the Weijin Campus of Tianjin University as an example, feedback from 432 users on the sample environment was analyzed according to our framework. The results show the difference between the users’ perspective and sustainability indicators, emphasizing the importance of the sustainable development of HEIs and leading to the implementation of measures to improve sustainability awareness and guide a retrofit.

Comparative Metagenomics Highlight a Widespread Pathway Involved in Catabolism of Phosphonates in Marine and Terrestrial Serpentinizing Ecosystems.

ABSTRACTSerpentinizing hydrothermal systems result from water circulating into the subsurface and interacting with mantle-derived rocks notably near mid-ocean ridges or continental ophiolites. Serpentinization and associated reactions produce alkaline fluids enriched in molecular hydrogen, methane, and small organic molecules that are assumed to feed microbial inhabitants. In this study, we explored the relationships linking serpentinization to associated microbial communities by comparative metagenomics of serpentinite-hosted systems, basalt-hosted vents, and hot springs. The shallow Prony bay hydrothermal field (PBHF) microbiome appeared to be more related to those of ophiolitic sites than to the Lost City hydrothermal field (LCHF) microbiome, probably because of the meteoric origin of its fluid, like terrestrial alkaline springs. This study emphasized the ubiquitous importance of a set of genes involved in the catabolism of phosphonates and highly enriched in all serpentinizing sites compared to other ecosystems. Because most of the serpentinizing systems are depleted in inorganic phosphate, the abundance of genes involved in the carbon-phosphorus lyase pathway suggests that the phosphonates constitute a source of phosphorus in these ecosystems. Additionally, hydrocarbons such as methane, released upon phosphonate catabolism, may contribute to the overall budget of organic molecules in serpentinizing systems.IMPORTANCE This first comparative metagenomic study of serpentinite-hosted environments provides an objective framework to understand the functioning of these peculiar ecosystems. We showed a taxonomic similarity between the PBHF and other terrestrial serpentinite-hosted ecosystems. At the same time, the LCHF microbial community was closer to deep basalt-hosted hydrothermal fields than continental ophiolites, despite the influence of serpentinization. This study revealed shared functional capabilities among serpentinite-hosted ecosystems in response to environmental stress, the metabolism of abundant dihydrogen, and the metabolism of phosphorus. Our results are consistent with the generalized view of serpentinite environments but provide deeper insight into the array of factors that may control microbial activities in these ecosystems. Moreover, we show that metabolism of phosphonate is widespread among alkaline serpentinizing systems and could play a crucial role in phosphorus and methane biogeochemical cycles. This study opens a new line of investigation of the metabolism of reduced phosphorus compounds in serpentinizing environments.

Objective framework for the Provisions of criminal contribution(Comparative study)

It is possible to distinguish between a number of persons where the crime is conducted by their behavior, based on the conduct of one of them, and whether this conduct fulfills the crime as described by law, or at least part of it, or on the contrary, it may appear outside the prescribed description of the crime. In the first case the person participating in the crime is called the perpetrator. This perpetrator is the one who, by his conduct, fully or partially commit the crime as described in the law. In the second, the partner, who contributes to the crime by a conduct not described by law even if it is related to the conduct described in law, because it is an agreement, incitement or assistance to it. The Egyptian law distinguished between the perpetrator and the partner in the crime, as the Penal Code dealt with the issue of criminal participation in detail, by stipulating the forms of criminal participation that are supposed to be available to determine whether or not to participate, and also referred to the elements of the act of criminal participation that lead to accountability of the partner in the crime. In addition to his interest in invoking the intent of the accomplice in the crime, while the Syrian and Lebanese law distinguished between the perpetrator and the accomplice on the one hand, and the intervening person on the other.In this study, we will address the issue of criminal contribution from the point of view of the Egyptian legislator, while comparing it with the Lebanese and Syrian laws to show the extent of compatibility or inconsistency in the stipulated provisions, using legal and jurisprudential references, as well as presenting many judgments and jurisprudence issued by The Egyptian Court of Cassation since its establishment with the aim of serving the study and enriching the facts and information contained therein.

Optimising policies to achieve agricultural transformation objectives: an application for Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Policymakers seek objectives that can be conflicting under a budget constraint. Solving this problem requires a multi-criteria decision-making technique whereby equations of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model are constraints to a policy optimisation problem. We illustrate this approach in the framework of agricultural transformation objectives. Using data for Ethiopia we show the potential conflict between policy objectives and how policies are optimally determined to arrive at the best possible compromise. Should Ethiopian policymakers pursue increasing agri-food GDP, rural household welfare, or agri-food exports, for example, they will not necessarily observe strong trade-offs between these objectives. However, if they invest in different agricultural sectors to achieve such objectives, the way in which they finance the investment will result in macroeconomic trade-offs. Only when the new investment is mostly allocated to oilseeds and coffee will there be not only simultaneous but also maximised improvement in all three policy objectives.

An Algorithmic Approach to Emergence.

We suggest a quantitative and objective notion of emergence. Our proposal uses algorithmic information theory as a basis for an objective framework in which a bit string encodes observational data. A plurality of drops in the Kolmogorov structure function of such a string is seen as the hallmark of emergence. Our definition offers some theoretical results, in addition to extending the notions of coarse-graining and boundary conditions. Finally, we confront our proposal with applications to dynamical systems and thermodynamics.

Formative Evaluation of Using Action Learning in a Master of Medical Education Assessment and Measurement Course

Background: The future success of any graduate or professional degree program is dependent upon continuous feedback provided by instructors and students. Various teaching models used by medical educators include didactics, problem/case-based learning, small/large group work, distance/online education, simulation, labs, and service/experiential learning. Action Learning is a process “that involves a small group working on real problems, taking action, and learning as individuals, as a team, and as an organization.” Medical school curricula usually begin with a mostly knowledge-based approach to learning the relevant science courses. While it may include some experiential learning, there is limited organized reflection. The idea inherent in Action Learning is “learn while doing” and “reflect on the experience.” This paper reports the process and outcomes of using the Action Learning Model (ALM) in teaching a master’s level assessment and measurement medical education class.Objective: The objective of this quality improvement education study was to ascertain students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes demonstrated in conducting substantive evaluations using the ALM in a graduate medical education assessment and measurement course.Method: This study was a formative evaluation of a 16-week master’s level medical education assessment and measurement course. The curriculum included teaching the traditional knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) to conduct formative and summative evaluations in medical education. In addition, students learned applicable quality improvement skills. Specifically, they learned how to identify and work with valid customer (student) requirements, how to map and improve processes, and how to collect and analyze process data. Students were taught the KSAs while conducting a formative evaluation of the class as their major project. They evaluated the class they were taking while reflecting on the experience. In addition to the ALM, the course incorporated both the Bloom Taxonomy (a hierarchical framework for cognition and learning objectives) and the Kirkpatrick Model (a globally recognized method of evaluating the results of training and learning programs). The one-sample significance test was used to evaluate the median of the difference between the pre-and post-test groups. Descriptive statistics were also performed.Results: Nine students who were medical students, dental students, physicians, and simulation lab technicians participated in the course. Students learned medical education assessment and measurement of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) and experienced the process of performing a formative evaluation. The post-test results for all students combined revealed that 277 of the 450 (61.6%) data points were greater than zero. A total of 139 data points showed no improvement and 34 results were worse than the pretest. Discussion: The ALM for teaching assessment and measurement in medical education can be challenging, but it may provide a more realistic and rewarding educational experience. The students gained a greater appreciation of the positive and negative aspects of using an experiential approach. Finally, the weekly formative surveys provided regular feedback that led to instructional improvements. With regards to medical education, action learning is best suited for students during the clinical phase of their education.

FINANCIAL STABILITY OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN POLAND’S LUBLIN VOIVODESHIP IN 2016-2020

The stability of public services and the financial situation of local governments has a significant impact on a nation’s economic development. It also affects the long-standing process of political reforms aimed at promoting the efficiency of public sector units, their balanced budgets and financial stability. It is a concept defined in different ways, which is due, among other things, to its multifaceted nature and the lack of precisely defined measures to assess this phenomenon. The main objective of the paper was to assess the financial stability of rural municipalities in Poland’s Lublin voivodeship in 2016-2020. Within the framework of the main objective, ratio analysis and survey research was conducted. The paper was based on the study of literature on the subject, reports on the implementation of budgets in the studied municipalities published by the Regional Chamber of Accounts in Lublin, and a survey questionnaire. Based on the analyses, it was found that the studied municipalities in 2016-2020 recorded sustainability in terms of fiscal policy, and a stable level of financial liquidity and debt, albeit with a relatively low level of revenue independence. The crisis in 2020 caused by the Covid-19 pandemic caused a significant increase in the current expenditures of local government units compared to revenues, which were less than planned, although it did not significantly worsen the financial performance of the surveyed municipalities. In the opinion of the respondents (heads of rural municipalities), the vast majority of rural municipalities in the Lublin voivodeship were financially stable and the Covid-19 pandemic generally did not have a significant impact on their levels of stability.

Instrumental texture assessment of IDDSI texture levels for dysphagia management. Part 2: Texture modified foods.

Texture-modified foods and thickened fluids play a major role in clinical treatment for individuals who suffer from swallowing difficulties (known as dysphagia). International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) developed a standardized terminology and description for texture-modified foods and thickened fluids to allow dysphagia patients to receive the correct consistency of food/drink. While the IDDSI framework provides a consistent texture description (Levels 0-7) and is widely accepted as an international standard, testing and assessment of IDDSI texture level are qualitative in nature and subjective in manner. These methods were proposed primarily for use by frontline carers, but are not most ideal for industrial purposes of quality control of such products. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to develop a quantitative instrumental method that best describes IDDSI levels as an objective framework. A set of test samples, including commercially available instant mashed potato, baby rice cereal, and cooked potato cubes of varying texture, were prepared. Two IDDSI measuring techniques, fork pressure test and spoon tilt test, were used to evaluate texture grades of these samples. Puncture and compression tests based on texture analyzer were used to assess cohesiveness, adhesiveness, firmness, and hardness for each food category (Levels 4-7). Thresholds of cohesiveness and adhesiveness, as well as bands of acceptable firmness and hardness for each food category were clearly identified and are proposed as objective complements to the IDDSI framework.

A Multi-Objective Teaching–Learning Studying-Based Algorithm for Large-Scale Dispatching of Combined Electrical Power and Heat Energies

This paper proposes a multi-objective teaching–learning studying-based algorithm (MTLSBA) to handle different objective frameworks for solving the large-scale Combined Heat and Power Economic Environmental Dispatch (CHPEED) problem. It aims at minimizing the fuel costs and emissions by managing the power-only, CHP and heat-only units. TLSBA is a modified version of TLBA to increase its global optimization performance by merging a new studying strategy. Based on this integrated tactic, every participant gathers knowledge from someone else randomly to improve his position. The position is specified as the vector of the design variables, which are the power and heat outputs from the power-only, CHP and heat-only units. TLSBA has been upgraded to include an extra Pareto archiving to capture and sustain the non-dominated responses. The objective characteristic is dynamically adapted by systematically modifying the shape of the applicable objective model. Likewise, a decision-making approach based on the fuzzy concept is used to select the most suitable CHPEED solution for large-scale dispatching of combined electrical power and heat energies. The proposed MTLSBA is assigned to multiple testing of 5-unit, 7-unit and 96-unit systems. It is contrasted with other reported techniques in the literature. According to numerical data, the suggested MTLSBA outperforms the others in terms of effectiveness and robustness indices. For the 5-unit system, the proposed MTLSBA achieves improvement in the fuel costs of 0.6625% and 0.3677% and reduction in the emissions of 2.723% and 7.4669% compared to non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA 2), respectively. For the 7-unit system, the proposed MTLSBA achieves improvement in the fuel costs of 2.927% and 3.041% and reduction in the emissions of 40.156% and 40.050% compared to NSGA-II and SPEA 2, respectively.

Instrumental texture assessment of IDDSI texture levels for dysphagia management. Part 1: Thickened fluids.

Thickened fluids are commonly used in the medical management of individuals who suffer from swallowing difficulty (known as dysphagia). International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) developed a standardized terminology and description for texture-modified foods and thickened fluids to allow dysphagia patients to receive the correct consistency of food/drink. Syringe flow test and fork drip test are suggested by IDDSI to identify the drink category (IDDSI Levels 1-4). These practical methods are widely welcomed by carers and patients because of their simplicity. However, these methods are not most feasible for industrial applications, where objective measurements are required for industry for the purpose of quality control of such products. Therefore, our aim in this work was to develop quantitative and objective measurements that best describe IDDSI level category for use as an objective framework. Two measuring techniques, syringe flow test and fork drip test, recommended by IDDSI were evaluated in two different sets of experiment. Participants were recruited to categorize fluid samples of known texture parameters using syringe flow test and fork drip test techniques. The apparent stress measured from Ball-Back Extrusion (BBE) technique for each of the fluid category (IDDSI Levels 1-4) was calculated. Bands of apparent stress for each of the fluid category were developed from two measuring techniques, syringe flow test and fork drip test. An inconsistency was observed between these two measuring techniques for IDDSI Level 3 fluid due to different dominating factors in the two tests. However, we proposed to combine the results from the two experiments to develop a quantitative range for each IDDSI Level as objective complements to the IDDSI Framework. Thickened fluid manufacturers are encouraged to follow the proposed guidelines presented once they are clinically validated and use them fine-tune their products, thus enhancing the safety of individuals with dysphagia.

Developing an Objective Framework to Evaluate Street Functions

Urban street networks are a vital part of urban areas and have a remarkable influence over quality of life and the use of sustainable modes. They make up about 80% of public space and shape urban activities and identity. Therefore, it is crucial to design, develop, and maintain streets in such a way as to make the most of this large and important space in a sustainable manner. Streets have three main functions: to provide access to adjoining properties, to allow transit of users on their way from their origin to their destination, and to provide space for social activities. As such, there is a need to develop indicators, methods, and tools to evaluate how streets fulfill their functions. However, most of the previously developed frameworks rely on measuring the physical environment and transportation facilities, which reflect the potential use of streets, as opposed to their actual use. To address this gap, the main objective of this paper is to propose a holistic and objective framework to evaluate streets based on their actual use by all users. The proposed framework is developed based on direct user observation to assess the various street functions (i.e., transit, access, and place) using objective indicators at a microscopic (individual) level. The developed framework and tools build on street use evaluation by diverse disciplines such as transportation engineering, urban planning, and public health. It will help transportation agencies and urban planners to manage streets and public spaces so that they fulfill their expected functions while minimizing the negative impacts.

Memetic binary differential evolution to solve wind–thermal profit based unit commitment problem

Recently, the utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) has gained popularity all over the world due to its numerous benefits. The RESs are a good choice as a cleaner power producer with economic benefits. Power generation from wind energy is rapidly growing all over the world as compared to other RESs. Literature review reveals that a combinatorial, mixed integers (binary and real) optimization problem also known as profit based unit commitment problem (PBUCP) has been solved for only thermal generating units without using RESs. These days, the PBUCP with the integration of RESs has gained intention. In this paper, the PBUCP is solved with the integration of wind generating units in a single objective framework, wherein objective is profit maximization, as well as multi-objective framework, wherein objectives are profit maximization and emissions minimization. A memetic binary differential evolution (MBDE) algorithm is proposed to solve the wind–thermal​ PBUCP. The proposed MBDE algorithm is a blending of binary differential evolution (BDE) and binary search optimizer (BSO). The proposed hybridization improves the global searching capability of the BDE algorithm while maintaining the effective exploitation capability of the BSO. The proposed BSO makes binary perturbations to ameliorate the performance of the BDE algorithm. The achievement of the proposed algorithms has been tested on two hybrid power systems that comprise wind generating units and thermal generating units. In order to know the impacts of wind power generation on thermal power generation, the results of the wind–thermal PBUCP are compared with the results of the thermal PBUCP in the single and multi-objective framework. The best results of the proposed algorithms are collated with the best results of already applied well known algorithms and are found superior.