Objectification Research Articles

SELF-PRESENTATION IN COMMUNICATION: ASPECTS OF VISUAL SELF-IMAGE OF I

Self-presentation is considered as a process of a person presenting his own image in the social world, characterized by the intention of creating a certain impression of himself among others. There are a number of ap-proaches to the study of self-presentation of a person: interactive, communicative, socio-perceptual, cultural, gender, individual-personal, applied. One of the directions of psychological research of self-presentation is various aspects of the visual self-presentation of the image of the Self in communication. The sign manifestations of the external appearance of a person as a subject of communication are studied within the framework of the psychosemiotic ap-proach. Visual-semiotic manifestations of external appearance are considered as a means of objectifi cation and interpretation of the subject, as a means of expressive-impressive manifestation of personality, the basis of which is the interpretive nature of visual signs. The eff ectiveness of the visual self-presentation of the subject is associated with psychosemiotic competence and refl ection at the general cultural level. The forms of self-presentation include perfectionist self-presentation — self-presentation by a person of an ideal version of himself, the use of signs of success, beauty. P. Hewitt developed a model of perfectionist self-presentation, which refl ects diff erent facets of this phenomenon: demonstration of perfection — the desire to appear perfect in the eyes of others, to arouse admiration and respect for others with their perfection; behavioral non-manifestation of imperfection — the desire to behave in such a way as to hide one’s own imperfection from other people. The article discusses the results of an empirical study of the perfectionist self-presentation of designers at diff erent stages of their professional development. The study of self-presentation in general, and the visual self-presentation of the image of the Self in particular, is of great scientifi c and practical importance for representatives of various professional groups, especially socionomic profes-sions, image makers. Managing the visual self-image of the self-image from the standpoint of the psychosemiotic approach is the basis for the formation of a personal and professional image.

La dialéctica de la plurinacionalidad como crítica del Estado-nación liberal

El artículo estudia la dialéctica como camino de indagación de la plurinacionalidad y su contraparte el vetusto Estado-nación monoétnico ecuatoriano. Indaga: 1) ¿cuál es el fundamento ontológico de la plurinacionalidad? y 2) ¿por qué la plurinacionalidad como planteamiento socio-político niega la homogeneidad del Estadonación liberal y su correlato el colonialismo externo-interno? Se plantea que el fundamento ontológico de la plurinacionalidad se halla en la sociedad comunitaria (o ser social) y que en su praxis socio-política niega la fetichización del Estado-nación liberal, determinado como instrumento del colonialismo externo-interno de la sociedad. La investigación concibe y aplica el análisis dialéctico de la realidad concreta y la ley de contradicción universal, como inherentes del ser social y del pensamiento que refleja dicha realidad. El estudio concluye que: 1) la dialéctica comprende la categoría de totalidad y es útil para el análisis y explicación de la sociedad en su conjunto, de las partes al todo y del todo a las partes, en mutua interrelación universal; 2) la sociedad comunitaria es una objetivación ontológica de la plurinacionalidad y se manifiesta en la diversidad étnicacultural del Ecuador, con temporalidades históricas distintas, y en contraposición a la formación económicosocial colonial y republicana; y 3) la fetichización del Estado-nación liberal como instrumento del colonialismo externo e interno de la sociedad ecuatoriana aún está vigente y continua cumpliendo esa misma función a través del procesamiento de la colonialidad del poder, la invisibilización ontológica del otro (alter) y la diferenciación colonial racista.

РЕЦЕНЗІЯ НА МОНОГРАФІЮ: РОМАНЧЕНКО А. ЕЛІТАРНА МОВНА ОСОБИСТІСТЬ У ПРОСТОРІ НАУКОВОГО ДИСКУРСУ: КОМУНІКАТИВНІ АСПЕКТИ. Монографія, Одеса, 2019, 541 с.

РЕЦЕНЗІЯ НА МОНОГРАФІЮ: РОМАНЧЕНКО А. ЕЛІТАРНА МОВНА ОСОБИСТІСТЬ У ПРОСТОРІ НАУКОВОГО ДИСКУРСУ: КОМУНІКАТИВНІ АСПЕКТИ. Монографія, Одеса, 2019, 541 с.

To be fi t, or how the media promote a healthylifestyle. Analysis of selected magazines

This article is the result of observing new social practices in the Polish society that are directly related to the createdand increasingly popular fashion of being fi t. To address the observed social changes, we have decided to analysemagazines devoted to a healthy and active lifestyle in terms of how they create a certain way of thinking about being active, healthy and fi t. An issue of interest to us is also how these periodicals contribute to creating a fashion forbeing fi t and how they promote a healthy lifestyle. These magazines were published between 2016 and 2018. Thetheoretical background is Simmels dualistic approach to fashion, as well as the ideology of healthism along withthe theory of objectifi cation. The main research method used was multimodal analysis.

СЕМАНТИКА ПОРІВНЯНЬ ЯК МАРКЕРІВ БАЗОВИХ ЕМОЦІЙ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГЕРОЇКО- ФАНТАСТИЧНИХ КАЗОК, ПЕРЕКЛАДЕНИХ НІМЕЦЬКОЮ МОВОЮ)

The article focuses on the study of semantics of comparisons as markers of basic emotions in Ukrainian heroic-fantastic fairy tales translated into German. In the fi eld of linguistics, the comparison transforms from logical to artistic correlating with the type of poetic thinking which forms, develops, changes, and evolves within the cultural and historical development of mankind in general and ethnos in particular. The methodological basis of the semantics of comparisons as markers of basic emotions is formed by the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics (F. S. Batsevych, E. S. Kubryakova, and V. A. Maslova). The terminological apparatus of the study is outlined through the method of defi nitive analysis, whereas the semantic content of the apparatus is revealed through the method of etymological analysis with the use of the methods of comparative analysis. The methods of interpretive-textual and cultural-historical analyses were used to distinguish connotative and situational meanings relevant to the objectifi cation of basiс emotions. The application of the method of stylistic analysis of tropes allowed establishing the poetic features of comparisons and their stylistic color/stylistic neutrality as well as to better understand the idea of a heroic act. To reveal the mechanisms of the processes of materialization and diff erentiation of knowledge on basic emotions, elements of the method of modeling the conceptual system of the emotional state of a fairy-tale character have been involved. The author comes to the conclusion that etymology of the terms “heroism” and “fi ction” is diff erent and that the process of choosing the transformation of body shape correlates with the situation, esoteric knowledge, and magic of things around the world. Furthermore, in fairy tales, the man and nature form one whole, and people, plants and imaginary supernatural beings experience emotions and feelings. The classifi cation of semantic models of comparisons as markers of basic emotions is off ered, and the quality of emotional experience is traced. Key words: comparison, basic emotions, marker, semantics of comparisons as markers of basic emotions, fairy tale, heroic-fantastic tale, semantic model of comparison.

Правовое регулирование сохранения культурных ценностей в рамках частного права в эпоху искусственного интеллекта

Neither every dramatic change in ways of production and living, nor the renovation of cognition and culture in human history are not the result of science and technology revolution. Private law culture, important part of human organizational culture and legal culture, is based on humanity, freedom and equality, justice, order and harmony. Present Artifi cial intelligent revolution will not only change human way of living and developing, but also affect private law culture dramatically and destructively, which will affect human beings as a whole and may lead to devastating destroy to humans. Firstly, individuals become digital persons under two-tier space structure, under which self will not be an end, but a device and means to be used by humans. Humans and machines coexist, which promotes artifi cial machines to become subjects, to a great extent. The modern somatic technology may create somatic, emotional or intelligent supermen, furthermore, an inequality between supermen and normal humans will result in reifi cation and objectifi cation of the latter. Secondly, data hegemony may arise from the algorithms and data which are becoming resources, which will make natural persons lose privacy, personal lives, personal space and critical abilities, in the end, natural persons will become transparent ones, furthermore, freedom of the private law will be fading away. Thirdly, data decision-making replaces human decision-making, and algorithm equality replaces formal equality. However, the algorithm black box, the value deviation of built-in program code and deep learning of intelligent machines may lead to permanent prejudice and discrimination against subjects, giving rise to overused algorithm, completely challenge and deviate from fairness and justice that private law seeks for. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the theories systems and rules the private law from losing cultural values so as to develop high technology, live up to the expectation of humans for a better life, and produce an orderly and harmonious society, which is an important goal of developing an intelligent society: First of all, humans are the main users of technology. The negative effect of technology application is based on perception and morality of human beings. The loss of private law cultural values, caused by the development and change of precaution technology, forces people to consider related perception and ethics, absorb various cultural values, maintain, uphold and advocate technological humanism, guide the development and practical application of artifi cial intelligence technology with ethical goodness, construct scientifi c humanism, and integrate science -technology and humanity. Secondly, the value of justice is relative and developing, which requires integrating the concept of data justice, code justice and algorithm justice into the value and basic principles, providing a new standard of justice for the freedom and equality of the private law, weakening and eliminating data hegemony and algorithm discrimination so that free value and equality of the private law will be recovered. Finally, Related concepts and principles must be included in systems and rules so that the private law subject system is reshaped, the private law subject status of intelligent robots is accepted completely or partly, and the subject-object confusion caused by human-computer symbiosis is removed. Moreover, the legal behavior system must be changed so that the civil subject’s online and offl ine behavior and man-machine collaborative behavior are integrated and standardized, and the potential risks of the harmonious private law order are eliminated. Furthermore, legal right systems are updated and restructured, so that legal attributes and uses of data and information are redefi ned or reorganized reasonably, and the protection of data, information and privacy are strengthened. Last but not the least, the basic imputation principle and causality of civil liability must be renewed so that the liability risks caused by human-machine coordination and the independent behavior of intelligent machines are distributed reasonably, and compensation systems are improved.

MEANS OF OBJECTIVATION OF MOTIVATION IN THE PLAY OF B. SHAW "PYGMALION" (IN ENGLISH AND TRANSLATED INTO RUSSIAN)

MEANS OF OBJECTIVATION OF MOTIVATION IN THE PLAY OF B. SHAW "PYGMALION" (IN ENGLISH AND TRANSLATED INTO RUSSIAN)

Embodied subjectivity and objectifying self‐consciousness: Cassam and phenomenology

Embodied subjectivity and objectifying self‐consciousness: Cassam and phenomenology

A semiotics view through objectification of females in tourism related advertisements

A semiotics view through objectification of females in tourism related advertisements

DISPOSITIVO DE CONFISSÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE SUBJETIVIDADES DOCENTES

É no domínio de reflexões teóricas acerca das práticas de si que os estudos foucaultianos têm interrogado sobre o modo como, nas sociedades modernas, os sujeitos produzem experiências de si a partir de tecnologias de objetivação e subjetivação, tendo a confissão como um importante dispositivo que, não estando mais restrito à institucionalização eclesiástica, é mobilizado por diferentes aparatos institucionais produtores de subjetividades. Dessa perspectiva teórica, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, em escritas de professores da escola básica, como a confissão produz representações e subjetivações de professores no domínio de um programa nacional de formação docente. O corpus é constituído de relatos escritos durante uma formação realizada pelo Pacto Nacional Pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), no período de 2014 a 2017, em Marabá, PA. Os discursos que circulam nos relatórios escritos, compreendidos como “práticas de si”, traduzem-se em dispositivos de confissões por meio dos quais os professores se subjetivam e são subjetivados como profissionais polivalentes, a partir de uma ordem política totalizadora e individualizante, ao mesmo tempo.

Objectifying the Unknown: The Catholic Art of Graham Sutherland

Objectifying the Unknown: The Catholic Art of Graham Sutherland

Quantitative assessment and selection of programs to increase customer loyalty in retail chains using the hierarchy analysis method

The article presents the results of applying the hierarchy analysis method to solve the problem of forming a trade organization's policy to increase consumer loyalty. The possibilities of signifi cant objectifi cation of the procedure for selecting loyalty programs from the basic list using the hierarchy analysis method are found. The novelty of the research lies in the justifi cation of the possibility and eff ectiveness of using this method in the specifi ed subject area.

이미지를 통한 ‘대상화’의 탐색 - 존 버거의『 다른 방식으로 보기』를 활용하여

이 논문은 존 버거의 『다른 방식으로 보기』 3장을 읽고, ‘대상화’를 탐구하는 작업이 학생들에게 어떤 의미가 있는지를 살펴 보고자 한 것이다. 그 결과 학생들은 14세기-19세기 사이에 유럽의 여성 누드화에서 볼 수 있었던 남성적 시선의 관습과 여성 대상화의 현상이 현재까지도 지속적으로 나타나고 재생산되고 있다는 사실을 발견하였다. 또한 SNS 발달로 인해 사회적 불평등 관계에 놓여 있던 여성 뿐만 아니라 남성, 아이들에 이르기까지 서로가 서로를 대상화하는 사회가 되어가고 있다고 지적한다. 여성들은 관습적 대상화의 시선에서 벗어나기 위해 의상과 자세를 달리한다든가, 가녀린 여성성을 포기하고 근육을 강화한다든가, 제거의 대상으로 간주되었던 털을 일부러 보여준다든가, 장애를 가진 모습을 보여준다. 다른 한편으로 ‘대상화’의 관점에서 스스로를 성찰한 글쓰기에서는, 스스로 대상화 인 줄도 모르고 대상화된 다양한 포즈들을 자각하는 현상을 보이고 있다. 그 가운데 는 대상화에서 벗어나고자 ‘자연스럽게’ 찍은 사진이 결국 ‘자연스러움을 연출한’ 또 다른 대상화임을 깨닫는 내용도 있었다. 다른 한 편으로 이미 대상화의 개념을 장착한 학생들은 여성을 대상화하는 사회의 관습적 시선을 적극적으로 비판하면서, 대상화로부터 완전히 탈피한 이미지를 보여주기도 하였다. 이와 같은 활동을 통해서 학생들 스스로 ‘대상화’의 개념을 깨닫고 ‘대상화’를 가능하게 하는 조건으로서의 사회적 관계와 매체의 역할을 인지하게 되는 것, 이미지가 정체성의 중요한 부분을 차지한다는 사실을 알게 되는 것 등은 『다른방식으로보기』 3장을 읽는 주요한 의의가 될 수 있다.

El pensamiento no intelectualista como síntesis entre metafísica del acto y la metafísica de la representación

La metafísica del acto define la realidad como dinamismo y ejecutividad. La metafísica de la representación concibe el ser como objeto identificado por la conciencia. Establecer un puente entre estas dos metafísicas, o en otras palabras entre diferencia e identidad, proceso y objetivación, equivale a integrar acción y pensamiento. Para conseguirlo, consideramos necesario defender la existencia de una conciencia no intelectualista ni objetivadora que posea un pensar que forme parte del propio devenir.

Nielegalna czy nieregularna imigracja? Analiza wyzwań definicyjnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem polityki imigracyjnej UE

The aim of the article is to show the challenges in scholarly attempts to conceptualize the phenomenon of irregular immigration. Although this type of migration has been of interest to scholars for several decades, it still requires in-depth analysis to better explain and understand its causes, scope, and consequences. The article attempts to clarify the nature of irregular immigration, indicating both the general ways of defi ning this phenomenon and the process of shaping it in socio-political reality since the end of the 19th century. The analysis reveals the internal diversity, dynamism, and ambiguity of this type of migration, which developed in parallel with the control instruments implemented by the states, aimed at enforcing increasingly complex immigration regulations conditioning the entry, stay and work of immigrants. The presented theoretical reflection on the complexity and the heterogeneity of irregular immigration is then confronted with the interpretation of this phenomenon in the EU immigration policy. Another important complement to these studies is to show the terminological challenges that have emerged in previous studies on irregular immigration. They are important both for the objectifi cation of theoretical investigations and for an empirical analysis of this social phenomenon.

Campo, conexión y desigualdad. Hacia una economía política de las prácticas en la era del capitalismo digital

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre las potencialidades que, para el estudio de lo digital, presenta el marco teórico desarrollado por Pierre Bourdieu. Se parte de tres premisas epistemológicas: la existencia de una cierta continuidad estructural con la sociedad predigital, el rechazo del dualismo digital-analógico y una concepción del poder y la desigualdad que va más allá de lo puramente conectivo o informacional. A lo largo del texto se expone como la teoría de Bourdieu puede ser una herramienta potente a la hora de abordar algunos de los debates que se han planteado en el seno de la sociología digital: los debates en torno a la presencia de actores no humanos, el ensamblaje ciborg digital o el concepto de prosumidor. Se defiende también la potencialidad del concepto de capital cultural objetivado para integrar lo digital en el universo de las prácticas sociales. Este concepto da cabida a elementos como el cuerpo, el espacio, los datos o la infraestructura en la explicación de la desigualdad.

Evaluation of profilin 1 as a biomarker in myocardial infarction.

Profilin 1 (Pfn1) is likely to be involved in atherogenesis and myocardial infarction (MI). Clinical data on this subject are very limited. The aim of this study was to search for associations between serum Pfn1 and a number of parameters in MI patients: symptom onset to PCI time (OPT), myocardial necrosis markers, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow, antiplatelet drugs, heparin administration and typical atherosclerosis risk factors. We included patients with type 1 MI (according to the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction) who were able to precisely determine the time of symptom onset. Exclusion criteria involved conditions potentially altering platelet function. We screened 114 patients and included 65. We assessed serum Pfn1 in three time points: on admission (Pfn1_0), 24 hours post PCI (Pfn1_24) and 48 hours post PCI (Pfn1_48) and correlated it with OPT, cardiac necrosis markers (troponin T, CK, CKMB), TIMI flow in the infarct-related artery, pre-hospital P2Y12-antagonist and heparin administration and known atherosclerosis risk factors. Patients with a shorter OPT had higher Pfn1_0 (838.5 vs. 687.1 pg/ml, p=0.007). Patients with impaired coronary flow post PCI had lower Pfn1_24 (748.2 vs. 925.2 pg/ml, p=0.017) and Pfn1_48 (744.5 vs. 879.8, p=0.031. Pfn1_24 and Pfn1_48 were lower in patients who received a P2Y12 antagonist prior to hospital admission. Diabetic patients presented with lower Pfn1_0 concentrations. This is the first study assessing Pfn1 in type 1 MI patients in relation to the chosen parameters. Pfn1 may be a biochemical tool to objectify information on OPT in MI patients. We found an association between Pfn1 and post-PCI TIMI flow, antiplatelet drug administration and diabetes mellitus.

Risks of Lymphoma and Digestive Cancers in Patients with Celiac Disease: Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: The association between celiac disease (CD) and the development of various malignant tumors, in particular gastrointestinal cancers, has been reported by several studies. However, the close relative risks (Odds Ratio) of these complications compared to the population are still insufficiently known and estimates of the risk factors for the development of these complications in patients followed for CD remain controversial. Objective: To estimate the close relative risks of malignant complications in a cohort of patients with celiac disease compared to the Moroccan population and to determine the risk factors for the development of these complications. Methods: Our work is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, carried out within the Department of Medicine C of the CHU IBN SINA Mohammed V University of Rabat, over a period of 23 years - between 1995 and 2018 -, and on a basis of 284 cases of celiac disease, from which we have extracted a series of 16 cases of celiac disease with at least one malignant gastrointestinal complication. Using a case-control study, we were able to determine the risk of these complications compared to the general Moroccan population. Results: We gathered a population of 16 celiac patients with one or more malignant gastrointestinal complications, out of a total of 284 cases of CD, the prevalence was 5.6%. We found a significant increase in the risk of developing digestive malignancies during CD with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 46 (95% confidence interval [CI] 34–63) and p value <0.0001). This risk was higher during the period of per diagnosis, we also objectified a significant increase in risk of all types of cancers found in our series compared to those of control cases. The two risk factors for malignant complications found in our study are non-compliance with the gluten-free diet and delayed diagnosis. Conclusions: There is a significant increase in the risk of malignancy in patients diagnosed with CD. Particularly during the period of per diagnosis. This risk according to this cohort can be reduced by the good observance of the gluten-free diet and an early diagnosis in the face of the most severe symptoms of this pathology.

Violencia, memoria y arquitectura. Las formas de objetivación de la memoria de los acontecimientos violentos del último siglo en el espacio

El espacio constituye un dispositivo fundamental en la articulación, reproducción y transformación de la memoria. Efectivamente resulta muy difícil evocar algún suceso sin que se piense en el lugar donde ha acaecido. En la historia contemporánea se construyen lugares para aludir sucesos memorables, crear la ilusión de la permanencia, continuidad y perdurabilidad frente al avasallante transcurso del tiempo y el inevitable cambio. Los conflictos violentos, los sucesos bélicos, las víctimas y los pueblos avasallados han sido en el último siglo objeto de conmemoración mediante la construcción de símbolos y contenedores de su historia. Objetivada en formas de monumentos, memoriales, museos, espacio público y paisaje, la memoria precisa del espacio. En este artículo se examinan las distintas formas de objetivación de la memoria intersubjetiva en el espacio siendo los actos violentos en el último siglo el objeto de la conmemoración

MARITIME DOCTRINE OF UKRAINE: A MEASURE OF GENERAL JURISPRUDENCE

Considering the signifi cant update at the end of 2018 of the Maritime Doctrine for the period up to 2035 and the continuing need to improve existing maritime legislation, in the article it has been explored and analyzed the existing defi nitions of the concepts of “doctrine”, “legal doctrine”, “maritime legal doctrine”, “maritime doctrine of Ukraine”. The methodological basis of the study was constituted by the methods of analysis and synthesis. Those methods made it possible to defi ne the concepts of “doctrine”, “legal doctrine”, “maritime legal doctrine” and “maritime doctrine of Ukraine” because of the features that unite and separate them. The analysis of the terminological chain “doctrine – legal doctrine – maritime legal doctrine – maritime doctrine of Ukraine” was carried out using the methodological movement “from general to partial”. As the paradigm of the study, the study of the content and correlation of elements of the conceptual and terminological chain was chosen: “the cognition – the level of cognition – the process of cognition – the object / subject of cognition – the end result of the process of cognition – the forms of results of cognition – the objectifi cation (documentation, publication, testing) results of cognition – the level and forms of recognition (legitimation) of the results of cognition. As a result of the research, the author’s defi nitions of these concepts were formulated and the boundaries of their relation were defi ned. In particular, it was noted that the “maritime doctrine of Ukraine” is a “maritime” legal doctrine that was objectifi ed (documented, promulgated, tested) in the appropriate form and received offi cial state recognition in Ukraine, as a consolidated dominant system of governing conceptual provisions on identifi cation and resolution of issues of development (occurrence, transformation, disappearance) of manifestations of state-legal reality in the fi eld of maritime activity, in particular the legal regulation of public (“person – technology”, “person – environment”) and social (“person – person”) relations arising in this sphere. The practical value of the scientifi c search is manifested in the continued formation of the theoretical basis of the maritime legislation of Ukraine, serves as the basis for its further changes, the constitution of the maritime branch of law.