Object-oriented Programming Research Articles

Decision support models and methods to analysis and development in the IT services and equipment repair organizational and production processes management field

Subject of research: is the models and decision support methods in the field of organizational management and IT services and equipment repair production processes.
 Purpose of research: is to analyze existing and create new models, algorithms and technologies for the implementation of a decision support system for the service platform in the field of IT and equipment repair.
 Methods and objects of research: include systems management theory, decision theory, automatic text processing methods, automatic control theory, information systems design theory, optimization theory and object-oriented programming.
 Main results of research: is a prototype aggregator platform, reflecting services in the IT and equipment repair, system architecture, development tools, interface.

Augmented intelligence in programming learning: Examining student views on the use of ChatGPT for programming learning

With the diversification of generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications, the interest in their use in every segment and field of society in recent years has been increasing rapidly. One of these areas is programming learning and program writing processes. One of the generative AI tools used for this purpose is ChatGPT. The use of ChatGPT in program writing processes has become widespread, and this tool has a certain potential in the programming process. However, when the literature is examined, research results related to using ChatGPT for this purpose have yet to be found. The existing literature has a gap that requires exploration. This study aims to analyze the students' perspectives on using ChatGPT in the field of programming and programming learning. The study encompassed a cohort of 41 undergraduate students enrolled in a public university's Computer Technology and Information Systems department. The research was carried out within the scope of the Object-Oriented Programming II course for eight weeks. Throughout the research process, students were given project assignments related to the course every week, and they were asked to use ChatGPT while solving them. The research data was collected using a form consisting of open-ended questions and analyzed through content analysis. The research findings revealed both the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT usage, as perceived by the students. The students stated that the main benefits of using ChatGPT in programming learning are providing fast and mostly correct answers to questions, improving thinking skills, facilitating debugging, and increasing self-confidence. On the other hand, the main limitations of using ChatGPT in programming education were getting students used to laziness, being unable to answer some questions, or giving incomplete/incorrect answers, causing professional anxiety in students. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that it would be useful to integrate generative AI tools into programming courses considering the advantages they provide in programming teaching. However, appropriate measures should be taken regarding the limitations it brings. Based on the research findings, several recommendations were proposed regarding the integration of ChatGPT into lessons.

SPECIFICATION FORMALIZATION OF STATE CHARTS FOR COMPLEX SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

This article presents a formalization approach for the requirements of object-oriented programs with state machines, using a spacecraft control system as a case study. It proposes a state pattern implementation, where each state is represented as a class with clearly defined responsibilities, and the transitions between states are controlled by the state objects themselves. Additionally, the application of model checking, theorem proving, and code generation techniques are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in ensuring compliance with the specified requirements is demonstrated, while also identifying potential drawbacks and limitations of the approach. The implementation is validated using a range of formal verification techniques, including model checking and theorem proving. The article also discusses how the approach can be extended and applied to other complex systems. Overall, the valuable insights into the formalization of requirements for object-oriented programs with state machines are provided, offering a practical and effective approach for verifying the correctness and completeness of such implementations. The results of this work have important implications for the development of safety-critical systems and can potentially improve the quality and reliability of software systems in various domains. By using mathematical models and rigorous formal methods, it is possible to detect and eliminate errors early in the development process, leading to higher confidence in the correctness of the final product. Future research in this area could explore the use of more advanced techniques, such as model-driven development and automatic code synthesis, to further streamline the software development process. Additionally, the development of more efficient and user-friendly tools could make these techniques more accessible to a wider range of developers and organizations. Altogether, the combination of formal methods and software engineering has the potential to revolutionize the way software systems are designed, developed, and verified, leading to safer and more reliable software for critical applications.

Electronic problem book on design patterns: Implementation and use

The article is dedicated to the problems associated with organizing the practical component of object-oriented programming (OOP) courses. A review of current learning resources for OOP courses reveals a lack of learning assignments related to design patterns, which are essential components of modern OOP theory. To solve this problem, the author proposes using a specialized training resource — an electronic problem book on object-oriented design patterns. The features of the design patterns e-taskbook are described in detail and an example of its implementation is given: the Programming Taskbook for OOP, which includes tasks related to 21 classic design patterns, as well as an introductory group of tasks dedicated to the principles and techniques of OOP.The article emphasizes the novelty of this approach, noting that unlike traditional problem books, the Programming Taskbook for OOP not only contains the wording of tasks, but also provides the courseware with input data and automatic verification of the proposed solution. Another important feature of the book is its versatility: the tasks can be performed in different languages and different programming environments, which allows to easily adapt the book for use in various undergraduate and graduate courses. Finally, the author presents his experience using the Programming Taskbook in OOP courses.

Research on pressure dynamic characteristics of multi-cavity model in aero-engine secondary air system

An algorithm for the basic elements was established based on the physical mechanism of transient secondary air system. A simulation program was compiled by using object-oriented language. Then a multi-cavity transient model of the secondary air system was established, and the pressure dynamic characteristics of the multi-cavity model were analyzed. The transient modeling of the air system has practical engineering versatility by establishing a standard interactive interface, and the transient modeling and analysis of the air system in different engines can be realized through using each component module. Such simulation research can help engineers to improve the design flow path of the secondary air system, and provide simulation data for the airworthiness design of engine, which has certain application value.

Integrating Logic Rules with Everything Else, Seamlessly

AbstractThis paper presents a language, Alda, that supports all of logic rules, sets, functions, updates, and objects as seamlessly integrated built-ins. The key idea is to support predicates in rules as set-valued variables that can be used and updated in any scope, and support queries using rules as either explicit or implicit automatic calls to an inference function. We have defined a formal semantics of the language, implemented a prototype compiler that builds on an object-oriented language that supports concurrent and distributed programming and on an efficient logic rule system, and successfully used the language and implementation on benchmarks and problems from a wide variety of application domains. We describe the compilation method and results of experimental evaluation.

Discovering Reusable Functional Features in Legacy Object-Oriented Systems

Typical object-oriented (OO) systems implement several functional features that are interwoven into class hierarchies. In the absence of aspect-oriented techniques to develop and compose these features, developers resort to object-oriented design and programming idioms to separate features as well as possible. Given a legacy OO system, discovering existing functional features helps understand the design of the system and extract these features to ease their maintenance and reuse. We want to discover candidate functional features in OO systems. We first define functional features and then discuss the footprints that such features are likely to leave in an OO system. We identify three such footprints: (1) multiple inheritance, (2) delegation, and (3) ad-hoc. We develop a set of algorithms for identifying such footprints in OO code and implemented them for the Java language using Eclipse JDT. In this article, we present the algorithms, and the results of applying the corresponding tools on five open-source systems: FreeMind, JavaWebMail, JHotDraw, JReversePro, and Lucene. Our experimental results show that: (1) the different algorithms can identify interesting and useful candidate functional features in OO systems, (2) they can identify opportunities for refactoring, and (3) they are complementary and could help developers.

Towards a taxonomy of Roxygen documentation in R packages

Software documentation is often neglected, impacting maintenance and reuse and leading to technical issues. In particular, when working with scientific software, such issues in the documentation pose a risk to producing reliable scientific results as they may cause improper or incorrect use of the software. R is a popular programming language for scientific software with a prolific package-based ecosystem, where users contribute packages (i.e., libraries). R packages are intended to be reused, and their users rely extensively on the available documentation. Thus, understanding what information developers provide in their packages’ documentation (generally, through a system known as Roxygen, based on Javadoc) is essential to contribute to it. This study mined 379 GitHub repositories of R packages and analysed a sample to develop a taxonomy of natural language descriptions used in Roxygen documentation. This was done through hybrid card sorting, which included two experienced R developers. The resulting taxonomy covers parameters, returns, and descriptions, providing a baseline for further studies. Our taxonomy is the first of its kind for R. Based on previous studies in pure object-oriented languages, our taxonomy could be extensible to other dynamically-typed languages used in scientific programming.

Designing a Bandung Perfume Shop Sales Information System Using Python

<p>Bandung Perfume Shop is a company that sells perfume. Based on observations, it was discovered that the Bandung Perfume Shop Information System activities maintain use the traditional way. Sales data collecting or recording operations continue to rely on paper media, specifically notebooks, which are prone to loss and damage, implying that the document preparation system is inadequate. Similarly, everything is done conventionally when it comes to data recapitulation and providing information or reports. Given this occurrence and all of its flaws, particularly low work efficiency, an information system that can replace the prior way is required in order to create efficient work. Information System Design as a solution to the above phenomenon at the Bandung Perfume Shop using the Python application (Object Oriented Programming Language), starting from March 2023. The research aims to provide an information system that can simplify and accelerate employee work processes in processing sales data at the Bandung Perfume Shop. The results of this study were collected in the form of an output Information System from the Python program that was created in outline by automating the old (traditional) system to the new system. The results of this study are projected to have a substantial impact on the sales and recapitulation processes in the future, improving work efficiency at the Bandung Perfume Shop.</p>

Mobile application with augmented reality applied to programming learning

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that allows users to have interactive experiences between themselves, the physical world, and the virtual world through the use of digital devices that have a digital camera, such as smartphones, tablets, desktop computers, or laptops. AR has various applications such as entertainment, advertising and marketing, medicine, architecture, engineering, tourism, e-commerce, or education; in the latter, students can visualize different concepts of programming fundamentals or object-oriented programming. The objective of this project is to create a mobile application applying augmented reality to the fundamental concepts of programming so that students can improve their understanding and retention of syntax and examples of terms used in Java. The application is focused on control structures, conditionals, classes, methods, constructors, objects, and arrays. Searching for concepts on the internet, physical or electronic books, or even with classmates, can take up to 5 minutes, with this application, it is possible to see the structure and/or examples in a matter of seconds, besides having the advantage that it does not require internet connectivity.

METHODS OF THE FRACTAL APPROACH IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER MODELING

Formulation of the problem. At the present stage of the development of science education and information technology, their integration, complementarity, and implementation are essential. Therefore, the search for methods of teaching natural sciences, based on the principles of self-organization and computer modeling, corresponds to the immediate tasks of the present. Materials and methods. Methods of comparative analysis, computer modeling, and generalization strategy are used. The study is based on the physics course content and the use of the programming language. Results. An innovative fractal approach to the teaching of physical and mathematical disciplines is proposed as a method of improving independent and creative computer modeling of natural phenomena. The fundamental principles of object-oriented programming (encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism) have proven to be influential in shaping the physical and mathematical aspects of the information architecture of the perception of educational disciplines. The possibility of using this approach in other sections of physics is demonstrated. The developed iterations of the fractal structure are presented in the example of the study of the "Geometric Optics" and "Wave Optics" sections of physics. It is shown that each iteration is characterized by synergy: the addition of a new iteration provides a high-quality and in-depth perception of new information. Conclusions. The formation of the specified integrated fractal structure conditions the integrity of information perception and its formation happens intuitively. The analysis of the conducted studies confirmed the innovativeness and effectiveness of the fractal approach. This approach can be used to develop systems for the processing and transmission of information, intelligent information materials, and artificial intelligence.

Special features of using neuronetwork technolo-ies to control the work processes of bulldozers with a gnss-intensifier

Abstract. Problem. The specificity of modern road construction works requires evaluation of the situation; forecast of the machine's normal operation and the development of emergency situations; synthesis and evaluation of possible actions of the operator and selection of the best ones. That is, there is a problem of effective support of the road car, whose solution is transferred to the intelligence of the car itself. A distinctive feature of intelligent systems is the ability to plan behaviour, adapt and learn. An intelligent system automatically changes the algorithms of its functioning and the structure in order to preserve or achieve an optimal state when external conditions change. The integration of algorithmic methods of controlling complex objects and methods of artificial intelligence is aimed at solving the tasks with uncertainty of the source information. The implementation of intelligent systems shows their prospects in the field of road construction works. Thus, optimization of road machine work processes, increasing the efficiency of road-construction machines (RCM) due to an intelligent control system is an urgent task. Studying the structure of the intelligent system of the road machine is relevant as well as developing a mathematical model of intelligent optimization of work processes based on the complex of readings of integrated GNSS sensors. Goal. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of construction machines through their intellectualization, development of scientific algorithms for creating mathematical models of the working bodies of the RCM with SNS-intensifier of work processes of interaction with the soil environment. Methodology. In the paper the scientific methods of system analysis and decision-making theory for the structuring and synthesis of intelligent control systems are used; mathematical modeling methods for building and researching hydraulic and dynamic models of road vehicles; theories of automatic control under conditions of uncertainty; methods of object-oriented programming for simulation modeling of a road machine work process during operations. Results. For the first time, the methods of solving the problem of controlling the hydraulic drive of a road machine were offered, which, unlike traditional ones, take into account the execution of digging operations in conditions of a short decision-making time, which ensures the movement of the working body along an arbitrary trajectory in a short time with high accuracy. Originality. This paper is one of the first in Ukraine in which the scientific problem of increasing the efficiency of RCM at the interaction of working bodies with the soil environment in conditions of limited time for decision-making was formulated and solved. Practical value. Time of work is cut due to the reduced number of passes during soil development and increasing the productivity of RCM, which will have a positive effect on financial and labour costs, ensuring the possibility of continuous operation, which increases the productivity of RCM.

Efficient generation of text feedback in object-oriented programming education using cached performer revision

Transformer, a deep learning technology, has achieved great success in various applications such as natural language processing. However, its space–time consumption remains a concern, leading to the issue of AI technology monopoly. Therefore, downsizing this technology is critical to mitigating the adverse effects of technological monopoly on innovation and competition. This article proposes a revised version of the Performer, an efficient variant of Transformer. Specifically, the proposed revision aims to resolve three issues associated with Performer. First, generating a target token necessitates padding tokens that require O(L) space and time for sequences of maximum length L. Second, Performer redundantly calculate attentions between previously generated tokens. Third, inconsistencies arise between the training and inference phases due to normalizer calculation in the stable FAVOR+ masked attention operation. The proposed revision introduces a cached version of the FAVOR+ operation, resulting in fast text generation with O(L) time and O(1) space complexity. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed revision, a Performer-based encoder/decoder model that generates text feedback for code correction in object-oriented programming education is developed and evaluated. The results show that the revised Performer achieves high accuracy and a more than 120-fold increase in inference speed. In addition, user evaluation shows that the feedback generated by this model is more beneficial for programming education than that generated by ChatGPT.

LISS’nAP: A Peer-Advising Collaborative Learning Approach for Object-Oriented Programming Learning

LISS’nAP: A Peer-Advising Collaborative Learning Approach for Object-Oriented Programming Learning

A VM-Agnostic and Backwards Compatible Protected Modifier for Dynamically-Typed Languages

In object-oriented languages, method visibility modifiers hold a key role in separating internal methods from the public API. Protected visibility modifiers offer a way to hide methods from external objects while authorizing internal use and overriding in subclasses. While present in main statically-typed languages, visibility modifiers are not as common or mature in dynamically-typed languages. In this article, we present ProtDyn, a self-send-based visibility model calculated at compile time for dynamically-typed languages relying on name-mangling and syntactic differentiation of self vs non self sends. We present #Pharo, a ProtDyn implementation of this model that is backwards compatible with existing programs, and its port to Python. Using these implementations we study the performance impact of ProtDyn on the method lookup, in the presence of global lookup caches and polymorphic inline caches. We show that our name mangling and double method registration technique has a very low impact on performance and keeps the benefits from the global lookup cache and polymorphic inline cache. We also show that the memory overhead on a real use case is between 2% and 13% in the worst-case scenario. Protected modifier semantics enforces encapsulation such as private but allow developers to still extend the class in subclasses. ProtDyn offers a VM-agnostic and backwards-compatible design to introduce protected semantics in dynamically-typed languages.

FORMATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASE OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES BASED ON SEMANTIC MODELS OF AUTHORITY FILES

This article is devoted to the analysis of methods for creating a knowledge base of a digital library based on the semantic model of authority files. The article also describes the practical aspects of creating an electronic library legal encyclopedia based on the semantic model of authority files. Creation of a semantic network of authority files significantly optimizes the quality and speed of searching for resources in electronic libraries and creates the basis for intellectualization of information retrieval. The article examines in detail the existing approaches to creating a knowledge base of authority files, including files based on semantic models, and forming a knowledge base structure. The main purpose of the study is to create an improved model and develop software for creating a knowledge base of an electronic library of semantic authority files for various subject areas. In the article the theoretical research methods (method of comparison and critical thinking) and empirical research methods (data collection and document analysis) have been applied. Used object-oriented programming, intelligent information retrieval, reverse indexing capabilities. The field of jurisprudence was chosen for the application and approbation of the created model and software. A knowledge base has been created that studies frequently used specialized terms and semantic relationships between them.

Experimental investigation and dynamic modelling of an upright freezer under periodic door opening conditions

This paper performs a comprehensive experimental and modelling study to examine the dynamic behaviour of an upright freezer with adjustable shelving under periodic door opening conditions with different temperature, pressure and relative humidity values. An uncertainty analysis is carried out for the experimentally measured data. Additionally, the dynamic model is developed with crucial sub-components, such as discretized upright cabinet, frosted evaporator and semi-empirical door opening mechanism using an object-orientated programming language called Modelica. The present model is the validated with experimental data employing the values of the airflow from ambient into the cabinet along with the average cabinet air flowrate and back wall temperatures, transient evaporation and condensation pressures, cabinet average relative humidity change, compressor operation time and power consumption, and finally total energy consumption of refrigerator for both 85%RH and 65% RH conditions at 32 °C ambient. The results show that the model predictions have a similar trendline with the experimental findings within ±3 K error bands regarding average cabinet air and back wall temperature. In contrast, the dynamic cyclic trend before and after door opening is closer to the experiments within ±1 K. The current model predictions for the low and high pressures are found to be within ±3% and ±5% error bands, respectively, whereas the average relative humidity level of the cabinet is captured within ±10% deviation. Furthermore, transient compressor power is well predicted with deviations, but not exceeding 4.5%, and the total energy consumption level is compatible with 6% error bands during the entire experimental period.

JSinAja: Javascript Programming Learning Application (React JS, React Native, Node JS) Mobile Based Using Problem Based Learning Method

This article describes the design of a mobile-based learning application for JavaScript programming using React JS, React Native, and Node JS. This application aims to provide an interactive and engaging learning experience for beginners and advanced JavaScript programming users. This application is designed to cover the basics of JavaScript programming, such as syntax, data types, control structures, functions, and objects. This application also covers more advanced topics, such as asynchronous, functional, and object-oriented programming. The application uses the React JS library for web interfaces, React Native for mobile application development, and Node JS for the backend. The app's user-friendly design has a simple and intuitive interface that guides users through the learning process. This application is also equipped with features such as materials, tutorial videos, and discussions to help users apply their knowledge and test their abilities. In the future, this application is designed to be developed further by adding new modules and features. The app also includes user feedback and analytics to improve the learning experience continuously. This application uses one of the software development methods, namely the waterfall development method, which is based on a structured and sequential sequence of stages. Hopefully, this application will provide a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning JavaScript programming, from beginners to advanced users

Development of Interactive Web-Based Learning Media with the Discovery Learning Model to Increase Student Learning Motivation in Object Oriented Programming XI Vocational High Schools

Students have difficulty understanding object-oriented programming material. Because the learning process carried out still uses the lecture method and the learning media used in the form of PowerPoint and even textbooks, resulting in a lack of understanding and a lack of student learning motivation. Other problems arise such as drowsiness due to boring learning, and difficulty understanding due to lack of interaction between students and teachers. Today's technology that can support the learning process in solving these problems is an interactive web. This study uses the Hannafin and Peck development model which goes through 3 phases, namely (1) needs analysis, (2) design, and (3) development and implementation. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and questionnaires. The learning media developed is in the form of an interactive web application with a discovery learning model that contains learning and evaluation videos. The results of the feasibility analysis of learning media obtained the results of media expert validation of 96.3%, material expert validation of 93%, and group trials of 85.4%. The results of the analysis of all feasibility data obtained an average of 91.6% with the qualification "very valid" and declared feasible to be used in assisting the learning process of students. While the results of the analysis of increasing learning motivation obtained the results of group trials of 0.37. Based on these results, it is stated that learning media can increase students' learning motivation in the learning process with "moderate" qualifications.

The Performance Comparison of a Brute-Force Password Cracking Algorithm using Regular Functions and Generator Functions in Python

Python is used extensively in research, including algorithm testing. Python is a multi-paradigm programming language and supports both object-oriented programming and functional programming. In the functional side, it supports both regular functions and generator functions. This study tests both approaches in terms of usability cases and performance. A password-cracking algorithm is used for this tryout.