Obesity In Mexico Research Articles

Descriptive study of the oral health status of disadvantaged mexican populations in relation to their adherence to the mediterranean diet.

Obesity in Mexico is an alarming problem that has been increasing in recent decades. Dietary factors make this pathology more common at younger ages and closely related to oral health. This study attempts to investigate the association between the oral health status of a Mexican population in the state of Yucatan and their dietary habits. This study explores the relationship between oral health-related quality of life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a disadvantaged population in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. The research was conducted in July 2023 in Merida, Yucatan (Mexico). The sample consisted of 109 individuals aged between 4 and 72 years old. Data analysis focused on factors such as body mass index (BMI), oral health-related quality of life, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A notable presence of caries is observed in individuals with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Correlation coefficient 0.040, p=0.682). This underscores the potential interaction between oral health, obesity, and dietary habits. The mean Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHIP-14Sp) score was 13.19 ±13.57, median 8.00. This research adds to the increasing evidence that highlights the significance of a balanced diet in enhancing the oral quality of life for people. More research is necessary to explore preventive measures and treatment to raise awareness about oral health within the community.

EE356 Economic Burden of Diseases Caused By Overweight and Obesity in Mexico

EE356 Economic Burden of Diseases Caused By Overweight and Obesity in Mexico

Municipal-level estimates (2020) of adult obesity in Mexico drawn from a hierarchical Bayesian estimator

Since the beginning of the 21st Century obesity has become a major public health concern in Mexico. Survey data have been key to tracking the evolution of the national and regional prevalence of obesity over time. However, these data are insufficient for policymakers and researchers interested in obesity from a more local and spatial perspective. This paper uses two secondary data sources: the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2021 and the Mexican National Population Census 2020. This paper implements a Bayesian hierarchical approach to model survey and census data to produce municipal-level estimates for Mexico in 2020. The results indicate that obesity has inter and intra-regional variability. Obesity is more prevalent in the north and in the Yucatan peninsula and tends to be lower in the state of Chiapas. However, within these regions there is some degree of variability in obesity rates. The results provide a more detailed geographical picture of obesity across Mexico and raise the possibility of using the resulting estimates for further statistical and policy-relevant research.

Analysis of SIRT1 genetic variants in young Mexican individuals: relationships with overweight and obesity.

The high prevalence of obesity in Mexico starting from the early stages of life is concerning and represents a major public health problem. Genetic association studies have reported that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic cellular functions, are associated with multiple metabolic disorders and the risk of obesity. In the present study, we analyzed the effect that the SNVs rs1467568 and rs7895833 of the SIRT1 gene may have on cardiometabolic risk factors in a young adult population from Mexico. A cross-sectional study was carried out with young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 who had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 18.5kg/m2. This study included 1122 young adults who were classified into the normal weight (n = 731), overweight group (n = 277), and obesity group (n = 114) according to BMI of whom 405 and 404 volunteers were genotyped for rs1467568 and rs7895833 respectively using TaqMan probes through allelic discrimination assays. We found that the male sex carrying the G allele of rs7895833 had slightly lower BMI levels (p = 0.009). Furthermore, subjects carrying rs1467568 (G allele) showed a 34% lower probability of presenting with hyperbetalipoproteinemia where female carrying rs1467568 had lower levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.030), triglycerides (p = 0.026) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.013). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the presence of both SNVs could have a non-risk effect against dyslipidemia in the Mexican population.

Burden of overweight and obesity in Mexico from 1990 to 2021.

Overweight and obesity (OW/OB) represent a serious challenge in Mexico, with effects on health, society and economy. Demographic, epidemiological, nutritional, social and economic factors have exacerbated this problem. To analyze mortality and years of healthy life lost in Mexico due to OW/OB in the 1990-2021 period. The Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors 2021 study was used to analyze data on elevated body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor and its evolution in Mexico. In 2021, 118 thousand deaths attributable to high BMI were recorded, which accounted for 10.6% of total deaths and more than 4.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost. The obesogenic environment, influenced by social determinants of health, has had a significant impact on mortality, burden of disease, and economic costs. Addressing OW/OB requires multisector interventions to strengthen the Mexican health system.

Childhood obesity in Mexico: Where are we and where are we headed?

Childhood obesity in Mexico: Where are we and where are we headed?

State of Oral Health Dependent on Body Mass Index (BMI) in a Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Obesity in Mexico is an alarming problem that has been increasing in recent decades. Dietary factors make this pathology more incidents at younger ages and it is closely related to oral health. This study aims to know the association between the need and presence of prosthesis with the type of obesity in a Mexican population in the state of Yucatan. Objectives: This study explores the relationship between obesity and oral health in the adult population of the Yucatan state in Mexico. Methods: The research was carried out in July 2021 in Merida, Yucatán (Mexico). The sample was made up of 114 people, whose ages were between 15 and 81 years old. The data analysis focused on factors such as obesity type, gender distribution, and oral health status. Results: A notable absence of dental prostheses is perceived in over 80% of participants, suggesting a potential impact on mastication and dietary choices. A direct correlation between obesity type and the need for dental prostheses is identified, with a higher prevalence in individuals with higher body mass indices. This underscores the potential interplay between oral health, obesity, and dietary habits. Conclusions: This research contributes to a growing body of evidence emphasizing the importance of optimal oral health in facilitating efficient mastication and digestion. Further studies are needed on the need for preventive measures alongside treatment in promoting oral health awareness within the community

Investment case for the prevention and reduction of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Mexico.

Despite efforts to curb the rise in Mexico's child and adolescent overweight and obesity rates, prevalence in Mexico has grown by 120% since 1990 to 43.3% in 2022. This investment case identifies policies that will produce the largest returns for Mexico. The investment case model builds beyond a cost-of-illness analysis by predicting the health and societal economic impact of implementing child and adolescent overweight and obesity interventions in a cohort aged 0-19 from 2025 to 2090. The Markov model's impacts include healthcare expenditures, years of life lost, and reduced wages and productivity. We projected and compared costs in a status quo scenario to an intervention scenario to estimate cost savings and calculate return-on-investment (ROI). Total lifetime health and economic costs amount to USD 1.8 trillion-USD 30 billion on average per year. Implementing five interventions can reduce lifetime costs by approximately 7%. Each intervention has a low cost per disability-adjusted life year averted over 30-year, 50-year, and lifetime horizons. The findings demonstrate that a package of interventions mitigating child and adolescent overweight and obesity offers a strong ROI. The novel investment case methods should be applied to other countries, particularly low- and middle-income countries.

Response to the commentary on the article: “Parental obesity and the transition from teenagers of normal-weight to young adults with obesity in Mexico”

Response to the commentary on the article: “Parental obesity and the transition from teenagers of normal-weight to young adults with obesity in Mexico”

Relationship of Serum Zinc Levels with Cardiometabolic Traits in Overweight and Obese Schoolchildren from Mexico City.

Zinc (Zn) participates as a cofactor for many enzymes in the cellular metabolism, and its serum levels have been associated with different metabolic diseases, especially obesity (OB). Nevertheless, its associations are not clear in the children population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between serum Zn levels (SZn) with overweight/obesity status (OW/OB), as well as its cardiometabolic traits in a population of children in Mexico City. Anthropometrical data (body mass index z score (BMIz)), demographic variables (age and sex), and cardiometabolic traits (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and insulin) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. SZn were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The population included 210 children from Mexico City (girls (n = 105) and boys (n = 105)) between ages 6 and 10years. Normal-weight (NW) schoolchildren had higher SZn concentrations (66µg/dL; IQR: 48 to 91) compared to OW or OB schoolchildren (61µg/dL; IQR: 45 to 76). The data showed a significant negative association between SZn and BMIz without sex exclusion (r = - 0.181 and p = 0.009). The boy's population did not show an association between the SZn and BMIz compared to the girl's population which showed a significant negative association (r = - 0.277 and p = 0.004). In addition, other associations were found between SZn and TC (boys (r = 0.214 and p = 0.025), LDLc (boys (r = 0.213 and p = 0.029), and TG (girls (r = - 0.260 and p = 0.007)). Moreover, 38.6% of the total children in our population study had Zn deficiency (ZnD). NW schoolchildren had higher SZn concentrations compared to OW or OB schoolchildren. A diet low in Zn can be a factor to evaluate in the development of childhood OB in Mexico. However, further studies need to be performed on the children Mexican population to replicate and confirm our findings.

Green Space Exposure and Obesity in the Mexican Adult Population.

Green space or natural vegetation may reduce obesity risk by increasing opportunities for physical activity or reducing stress and exposure to other pollutants. Obesity prevalence in Mexico is ranked among the highest in the world. However, research on the association between green space and obesity in Mexico is lacking. We used data from the National Nutrition Survey in Mexico (2018-2019), a nationally representative sample of Mexican adults. The analytical sample included participants between 20-59 years of age (n = 12,631). We assessed exposure to green space using a 30 m resolution Landsat satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 2018. Linear regression models examined associations between NDVI and body mass index (BMI), adjusting for confounders. The mean age of the study sample was 38 (SD 0.19) years. Participants living in areas with the highest green space exposure had the lowest education level (53.51%) and socioeconomic status (28.38%) and were located in central (33.01%), south (30.37%), and rural areas (21.05%). Higher residential exposure to green space was associated with a mean decrease in BMI of -1.1 kg/m2 (95% CI: -1.59, -0.68). This is one of the first studies in Latin America to suggest a protective association between green space and obesity among Mexican adults.

Childhood obesity in Mexico: Influencing factors and prevention strategies.

BackgroundOverweight and obesity in school-age children, in Mexico as in other countries around the world, is a rapidly increasing public health problem within recent years, with important consequences for the future health of the population. Various national strategies at the individual and community level have been established to prevent these conditions, but none have yet succeeded.ObjectiveTo describe factors which influence overweight and obesity in school-age children five to 11 years old in Mexico, and national strategies for the prevention and management of these conditions.MethodsThe data herein is derived from six National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico: 2006, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2021. They include a total of 45,216 school-age children with complete anthropometric data (weight/height) distributed over 84 pseudo-panels defined by age, wellbeing condition class (WCC), gender, and type of locality of residence. The indicators calculated were overweight and obesity by body mass index according to World Health Organization guidelines. Predictors are food consumption indicators in five groups.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity showed a positive linear trend (p < 0.001), with average annual increases of 0.41%. Increases in fruit consumption reduced the prevalence of these conditions by 6.6% (p = 0.01) and vegetable consumption reduced this by 8.3%.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity in school-age children is a growing problem with serious repercussions for future life. New strategies are needed which focus on involving food systems, which translates to healthy and sustainable diets.

EE77 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity in Mexico

In Mexico, obesity is the main public health concern and obesity-related conditions represent a very high costs for the Mexican public health system. Liraglutide 3mg is associated with significant and sustained weight loss and improves related complications. The objective of this study is to determine the cost-effectiveness of Liraglutide 3.0mg vs orlistat and no-treatment in Mexico.

Cultural factors related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

SummaryCulture and culturally specific beliefs or practices may influence perceptions and decisions, potentially contributing to childhood obesity. The objective of this study is to identify the cultural factors (expressed through decisions, behaviors, individual experiences, perceptions, attitudes, or views) related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico. Ten databases and one search engine were searched from 1995 onwards for qualitative studies. The Sunrise Enabler Model, described within the Cultural Care Theory, guided this review. Sample, the phenomenon of interest, study design, and evaluation data were extracted, and the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Twenty‐four studies were included. Of these, 12 studies included children or adolescents, 12 included parents, eight included schoolteachers, four included school staff (other than teachers), four included food vendors, and one included policymakers. Cultural values, beliefs, lifeways (especially food and food costumes), kinship, and social factors (particularly immediate and extended family) strongly influenced childhood and adolescent obesity‐related lifestyles in Mexico. Most cultural factors related to childhood obesity in Mexico identified in this review may be modifiable and amenable to practical interventions.

Parental obesity and the transition from teenagers of normal-weight to young adults with obesity in Mexico.

To estimate to what extent the parental tran-sition to obesity affects the likelihood that normal-weight teenagers also transition to obesity. We depart from the hypothesis that the transition to obesity specifically among parents is the main factor affecting the development of obesity during adolescence. Using two rounds of the longitudinal Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) and logistic regressions, we investigated how family weight-related characteristics affected the likelihood of teenagers 13 to 18 years of age in 2002 of becoming affected by obesity after seven to ten years. The results confirm that if any of the parents were affected by obesity during the teenage period, the adolescent is more likely to become affected by obesity. Results confirm that, different from childhood obesity, the transition of parents to obesity during the adolescence of teenagers is the most important family factor affecting such transition.

Weight stigma in Mexico and front-of-package labeling. A systemic review

Background. Front-of-package food labeling is a public health strategy implemented to reduce the consumption of processed food to decrease the incidence of obesity in Mexico. Although there is an increasing focus among public health officials on implementing policies designed to address obesity, much less attention has been paid to how these policies could impact those with disordered eating, despite the fact that millions suffer from such illnesses. Objective. The aim of this article is to present scientific literature related to front-of-package labeling and its impact on obesity and eating disorders. Method. Papers related to nutrition labels and obesity and eating disorders were reviewed. Results. The papers reviewed found no significant improvement regarding the consumption of processed food. Other measurements, including nutritional education, availability, physical education, and body-image acceptance, have a better impact on nutritional health. Discussion and conclusion. Front-of-package labeling is regarded as an important measure in the attempt to reduce obesity levels. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to suggest that this type of labeling reduces the consumption of processed foods in patients with obesity.

Differential fat accumulation in early adulthood according to adolescent-BMI and heavy metal exposure.

Heavy metals such as Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) can affect adipose tissue mass and function. Considering the high prevalence of exposure to heavy metals and obesity in Mexico, we aim to examine if exposure to Pb and Hg in adolescence can modify how fat is accumulated in early adulthood. This study included 100 participants from the ELEMENT cohort in Mexico. Adolescent Pb and Hg blood levels were determined at 14-16 years. Age- and sex-specific adolescent BMI Z-scores were calculated. At early adulthood (21-22 years), fat accumulation measurements were performed (abdominal, subcutaneous, visceral, hepatic, and pancreatic fat). Linear regression models with an interaction between adolescent BMI Z-score and Pb or Hg levels were run for each adulthood fat accumulation outcome with normal BMI as reference. In adolescents with obesity compared to normal BMI, as Pb exposure increased, subcutaneous (p-interaction=0.088) and visceral (p-interaction<0.0001) fat accumulation increases. Meanwhile, Hg was associated with subcutaneous (p-interaction=0.027) and abdominal (p-interaction=0.022) fat deposition among adolescents with obesity. Heavy metal exposure in adolescence may alter how fat is accumulated in later periods of life.

Epidemiological study on short and long-term weight loss with improvement of metabolic control in obese diabetic patients with a standardized multidisciplinary weight loss program (DIAMEX Study).

Purpose of Study: Obesity in Mexico has risen since the 1980s affecting 30% of the adult population, and 15% of adults had diabetes in Mexico. The rise in the rates of obesity and diabetes is linked to an increased consumption of calorically dense foods and sedentary lifestyle. The present study (DIAMEX) was aimed to evaluate the effect of a VLCK diet as part of a commercial weight loss program (PnKDiaprokal®) in patients with Diabetes and Obesity. It is an epidemiological study on weight loss and improvement of metabolic control in obese diabetic patients with a standardized multidisciplinary program that includes diet, physical exercise, and emotional support.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Severe Obesity in Adults

In the last decades, obesity in general, including severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2), has increased disproportionately around the world, especially in low-income and lower-middle income regions. To analyze sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with severe obesity in Mexico, as well as their associated factors. A secondary analysis was carried out from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses by sex were used. Logistic models were estimated to identify the main factors associated with severe obesity. Of the total number of people with obesity in the country (2.2 million people), 3.6% had severe obesity, with an average age of 48.2. There were statistically significant differences by sex in the variables of age group, education, socioeconomic status, health insurance, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Being a woman, having hypertension, and hypertension/diabetes increased the odds of severe obesity. These associations were maintained when comparing people with a BMI <40 kg/m2, with those with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and a BMI <40 kg/m2. Severe obesity must appear on the Mexican political agenda. Data must be produced that can direct decision-making around the promotion of healthy lifestyles, and obesity prevention, treatment, and follow-up, based in people-centered care and through intersectoral strategies, multidisciplinary management, and holistic approaches.

Family Factors Affecting the Transition of Children from Normal Weight to Obesity in Mexico.

Background: This study is a longitudinal analysis of how the transition of a mother, father, or any other family member to obesity affects the likelihood of children 5–12 years of age becoming adolescents with overweight or obesity during the 7–10-year period between 2002 and the period from 2009 to 2012 in Mexico.Methods: The study used two rounds of the Mexican Family Life Survey, a multipurpose random national survey that collected information on 8441 households, including 38,233 individuals in 2002 and successfully followed up with 3202 children until the period from 2009 to 2012. We used logistic regressions to calculate how family characteristics related to the evolution of body mass indexes among children, controlling for individual, family weight-related characteristics, and the socioeconomic level of the family.Results: The transition of any family member toward obesity is more relevant in determining the transition to obesity among normal-weight children than socioeconomic level of the family and individual characteristics, such as sex, schooling, and occupation.Conclusions: The transition of any family member toward obesity is associated with the transition to obesity among normal-weight children. A family-based approach to obesity prevention has yet to be incorporated into national policies.