Obesity In Mexico Research Articles

Efecto de la terapia de implantación de catgut en puntos de acupuntura frente a terapia con acupuntura simulada en pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad en México

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of acupoint catgut embedding therapy (ACET) vs Sham acupuncture therapy for the treatment of overweight and obese patients in Mexico Material and methodsA randomised clinical study was designed, for which 61 adult patients were recruited from the Acupuncture Clinic National School of medicine of the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico City. The following criteria were used: Overweight and obese men and women, with no coagulation disorders, psychiatric illnesses, skin diseases, pregnancy, or other treatment for obesity. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups of treatment: ACET and Sham acupuncture. Obesity related parameters, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, body water percentage, muscle mass percentage, and biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides) were determined before and after treatment. Results and conclusionsBody weight and BMI were significantly reduced in response to both treatments; however the effect of ACET produced a significant reduction in body weight (5.24) and in all the rest of the parameters studied. Interestingly, the body weight reduction was higher than those described so far (5.24kg vs 2.97kg). Our results confirmed the effectiveness of the ACET for the treatment of obesity in Mexico.

Weight Gains from Trade in Foods: Evidence from Mexico

In this paper, we investigate the effects of trade in foods on obesity in Mexico. To do so, we match data on Mexican food imports from the U.S. with anthropometric and food expenditure data. Our findings suggest that exposure to food imports from the U.S. can explain up to twenty percent of the rise in obesity prevalence among Mexican women between 1988 and 2012. Pro-obesity effects are driven by areas more exposed to unhealthy food imports. We also find evidence in favour of a price mechanism. By linking trade flows to obesity, the paper sheds light on an important channel through which globalisation may affect health.

"Homo Caloricus": The epistemological construction of lipophobic stigma in public health media discourses

The case of obesity in Mexico constitutes an emblematic example of how, in the messages emitted by public health television campaigns, strong beliefs regarding the issue of body weight prevail. The main objective is to reflect on certain epistemological effects that abound in biomedical media narratives related to obesity. To do so, aspects of the rhetoric employed in two initiatives of the Ministry of Public Health - Muévete y Métete en Cintura [Move Around and Slim Down] in 2008 and the 5 Steps Program in 2011 - are analyzed, as is the discourse surrounding the tax measure introduced by the Mexican tax service in 2017. This study also looks at other similar practices that, although taking place outside of Mexico, stoke the fires of lipophobism, such as the "Cormillot industry" in Argentina. As a result, a strong discursive influx stemming from a reductionist vision of bodily diversity has been identified, supported by the pathologization of fat bodies through moral prejudices and biased generalizations.

Mothers' experiences of masculinity in the context of child obesity in Mexico

This paper explores mothers' experiences of masculinity in the context of child obesity in Mexico. The paper draws on face to face interviews with 10 medical staff working at the child obesity clinic at Federico Gómez Children's Hospital in Mexico City and on interviews with 16 mothers and 1 grandmother of children diagnosed with obesity and morbid obesity. Through an analysis of medical discourses and practices the paper identifies a tendency to underestimate the extent to which fathers are involved in shaping the family diet and other health related practices. The paper argues that mothers' experiences of masculinity reflect ways of resisting the increased blame placed on them. Through their voices, mothers expose silenced family dynamics of food and other health-related habits and patterns. The invisibility of fathers in medical and academic discourse works to feed mother blaming and misleads medical practices and policies designed to address child obesity in Mexico.

Obesity in Mexico: prevalence, comorbidities, associations with patient outcomes, and treatment experiences.

ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to investigate obesity and its concomitant effects including the prevalence of comorbidities, its association with patient-reported outcomes and costs, and weight loss strategies in a sample of Mexican adults.MethodsMexican adults (N=2,511) were recruited from a combination of Internet panels and street intercepts using a random-stratified sampling framework, with strata defined by age and sex, so that they represent the population. Participants responded to a survey consisting of a range of topics including sociodemographics, health history, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, health care resource use, and weight loss.ResultsThe sample consisted of 50.6% male with a mean age of 40.7 years (SD=14.5); 38.3% were overweight, and 24.4% were obese. Increasing body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased rates of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and hypertension, poorer HRQoL, and decreased work productivity. Of the total number of respondents, 62.2% reported taking steps to lose weight with 27.6% and 17.1% having used an over-the-counter/herbal product and a prescription medication, respectively. Treatment discontinuation rates were high.ConclusionFindings indicated that 62% of participants reported, at least, being overweight and that they were experiencing the deleterious effects associated with higher BMI despite the desire to lose weight. Given the rates of obesity, and its impact on humanistic and societal outcomes, improved education, prevention, and management could provide significant benefits.

Physical Activity and Anthropometric Characteristics Among Urban Youth in Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Obesity is a critical problem among Mexican youth, but few studies have investigated associations among physical activity (PA) modes and anthropometrics in this population. This study examined associations among active commuting to school (ACS), sports or other organized PA, outdoor play, and body mass index (BMI) percentile and waist circumference (WC) among Mexican youth. Parents of school children (N = 1996, ages 6 to 14 years, 53.1% female) in 3 Mexican cities reported PA participation using the (modified) fourth grade School Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey. Trained assessors measured BMI percentile and WC in person. Parents reported that 52.3% of children engaged in ACS, 57.3% participated in sports or organized PA, and a median of 2 days in the previous week with at least 30 minutes of outdoor play. In complete case analyses (n = 857), ACS was negatively associated with BMI percentile, and outdoor play was negatively associated with WC after adjusting for school, age, sex, and income. In analyses incorporating data from multiple imputation (N = 1996), outdoor play was negatively associated with WC (all Ps < . 05). ACS and outdoor play are favorably associated with anthropometrics and may help prevent childhood obesity in Mexico. ACS and outdoor play should be priorities for increasing youth PA in Mexico.

Key Elements in Elementary School-Based Nutrition Interventions to Reduce Obesity in Mexico and the United States: A Systematic Review

Key Elements in Elementary School-Based Nutrition Interventions to Reduce Obesity in Mexico and the United States: A Systematic Review

The Burden of Obesity in Mexico: Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Associations With Quality of Life, Resource Utilization and Productivity

The Burden of Obesity in Mexico: Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Associations With Quality of Life, Resource Utilization and Productivity

Matters of Weight: Financial Burden of Overweight and Obesity in Mexico

Matters of Weight: Financial Burden of Overweight and Obesity in Mexico

Función renal en niños con obesidad y síndrome metabólico

La obesidad en México es un problema de salud pública. El objetivo es evaluar la función renal en niños obesos con y sin síndrome metabólico (SM), en relación con sujetos sanos. Se tomó peso, talla, circunferencia media del brazo (CMB), circunferencia de la cintura (CC), índice de masa corporal (IMC), área de superficie corporal (ASC), tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) (Fórmula de Schwartz), glucosa, creatinina, acido úrico, colesterol total, lipoproteinas de alta densidad (HDL, por sus siglas en inglés), lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL, por sus siglas en inglés), triglicéridos y examen general de orina. De 128 pacientes pediátricos se formaron tres grupos (sanos, obesos con y sin SM), con una edad de 11.04 ± 2.63 años. Los hombres obesos con SM tuvieron aumento significativos de glucosa (p = 0.04) y triglicéridos (p = 0.0033); las mujeres obesas presentaron una elevación significativa de glucosa (p = 0.042) y triglicéridos (p = 0.022). Los dos grupos con obesidad mostraron aumento de la TFG (hiperfiltración), en comparación con los controles sanos. La posible hiperinsulinemia de los pacientes produce hipertrofia e hiperfiltración glomerular. Se concluye que los pacientes obesos con y sin SM tienen alterada la función renal.

Identification of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk in Ethnically and Racially Diverse Populations: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Obesity, defined as excess fat (adipose) tissue accumulation that may impair health,1 is a highly prevalent and serious public health problem. Roughly 35.7% of American adults are obese.2 High rates of obesity are not limited to the United States or even to other highly developed countries. The prevalence of obesity in Mexico, for example, is comparable to that in the United States.3 Not surprisingly, rates of obesity-related illnesses including cardiovascular disease (CVD) are rising quickly worldwide. More than 25 million American adults have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.4 India is projected to have >100 million diabetic people by the year 2030.5 CVD is the number 1 cause of death worldwide.6 These grim statistics highlight the need for accurate identification of overweight and obese adults who are at high risk for obesity-related illnesses. Accurate identification of such people allows healthcare professionals, policymakers, and others to target prevention and treatment programs to those at the highest risk of morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the tools and measures currently available to identify obesity and associated risks are either impractical, inaccurate, or both. For example, the body mass index (BMI) is easy to calculate, and established cutoffs that define overweight (25 kg/m2) and obesity (30 kg/m2) are readily available and well known. The application of such cutoffs to a diverse population, as will be discussed, however, leads to misclassification of a large number of people. Many people with a normal BMI have high levels of adiposity and also are at high risk for obesity-related illness. Others with a high BMI have relatively normal levels of adiposity and are metabolically healthy. The problem of misclassification is especially important for racial and ethnic minorities, who make up nearly 40% of the American population today and will make up more …

Taste perception in normal and overweight Mexican adults

The prevalence of obesity in Mexico is the highest in the world, with almost 70% of adults being classified as overweight or obese. The increased prevalence of obesity in Mexico, and globally, may be related to the changing food environment, providing increased access to highly palatable, but obesogenic, food products. One potential mechanism for this association is changing food perceptions, an area poorly studied in transitional countries. Thus, we conducted a study to determine the degree to which perception thresholds for four basic tastes are associated with anthropometric variables, hormone levels, and energy intake. Bitter and sweet taste had the lowest and highest thresholds, respectively, and women reported a greater sensitivity to these flavors compared to men. Overall, the perception thresholds to each flavor were not associated with energy intake or body mass index (BMI), while the perception threshold of aspartame was negatively associated with energy intake. Based on the results of our study, in a sample of Mexican adults, sensory taste response to basic flavors is not associated with energy intake or BMI.

Scaling up an Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN) to Prevent Stunting, Micronutrient Deficiency and Obesity in Mexico

Scaling up an Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN) to Prevent Stunting, Micronutrient Deficiency and Obesity in Mexico

Adult obesity, disease and longevity in Mexico.

To obtain estimates of the effects of overweight and obesity on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adult mortality. We use three waves (2000, 2002, 2012) of the Mexican Health and Aging Survey (MHAS).We employ parametric hazard models to estimate mortality and conventional logistic models to estimate incidence of T2D. Obesity and overweight have a strong effect on the incidence of T2D;this, combined with the large impact of diabetes on adult mortality, generates increases in mortality that translate into losses of 2 to 3 years of life expectancy at age 50. If increasing trends in obesity in Mexico continue as in the past, progress in adult survival may be slowed down considerably and the incidence of T2D will continue to increase.

Adverse Events Reactions Reported With the Use of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Nor-Pseudoephedrine, Triiodothyronine, Atropine, Aloin and Diazepam in Obese Mexican Patients

Background: Obesity is a health problem worldwide. Although the first-line intervention is implementing a comprehensive program of diet, exercise and behavior changes, some patients require additional drug treatment. Among the medications used wide and effectively for obesity in Mexico is found a combination consisting of 5 active ingredients: nor-pseudoephedrine, triiodothyronine, atropine, aloin and diazepam (Redotex®), whose rationality and safety remains controversial. Objective: To analyze the adverse event reports received in the pharmacovigilance unit of the manufacturer company, from 2009 to 2014, in order to assess the existence of related potential safety issues. Method: Adverse events were sorted by frequency and classified by intensity and causality. The groups mainly affected by adverse events by age and sex were determined and the pattern of comorbidities and use of concomitant drugs was defined. Results: The number of reports recorded was 269, which corresponded to 609 adverse events. The greater frequency of reports occurred in the group of female 18-50 years old. The main adverse events were dry mouth and polydipsia. Most adverse events were classified both as mild and probable. Among 132 patients who used concomitant medications, 64 of them corresponded to the use of additional anti-obesity products. Conclusion: Except for some cases of misuse, there were no data to suspect the existence of special safety issues related with the use of the product; thus, considering the high anti-obesity efficacy reported for the study product (Redotex®), its adverse event profile seems acceptable.

Sobrepeso e integración económica en México

The obesity in Mexico and the world has been growing systematicly, to the degree that has turned into a pandemic with strong consequences into very serious sufferings of public health as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer, everything which has strong impacts in the public finance and in the economic growth. In Mexico, from the nineties, the obesity and the overweight have grown in an exponential way, much more than in The United States. Like hypothesis, we suggest that the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994 not only modified the structure of the trade and of the capital flows. Also it prepared a substantial change in the habits of consumption of the population, particularly the infantile one, which demonstrated in a notable increase in the consumption of delicacies. These results emerge of the analysis of the National Survey I deposit Expense of the Homes (enigh) for the year 1992 and 1996.

Validating an energy expenditure prediction equation in overweight and obese Mexican patients.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexico is approximately 70%; thus, obtaining a reliable measurement of the resting energy expenditure (REE) in these patients is of extreme importance. The aim of the study was to obtain a prediction equation of REE in overweight or obese outpatients in the Mexican population. The study was conducted at The National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran (Mexico, D.F.). Consecutive outpatients (18-70 years old) at the Clinical Nutrition were evaluated between March 2010 and August 2012 after being diagnosed with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2). Patients with any disease that could affect the measurement of gas exchange were excluded. Participants were evaluated by indirect calorimetry (IC), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric measurements to design the REE prediction equation. Two groups were evaluated: one group for derivation and another group for validation. The REE was also estimated using the equations of Harris-Benedict, Mifflin St-Jeor, Ireton-Jones, Carrasco, Kleiber and Owen, assessing current weight, ideal weight and adjusted weight. A REE equation was obtained by multiple linear regression based on the evaluated variables, and those that gave the best precision to the model were selected. The real REE and the estimated REE were then compared using Student's t-test. To highlight differences, pairs of measurements were further analyzed using the Bland & Altman plot. Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination between REE values measured by IC and REE values estimated using various formulas were calculated. A total of 77 patients were included in the derivation group: 38 men (49.4%) and 39 women (50.6%). The mean age was 48.5 ± 13.9 years, and the mean BMI was 34.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2. A total of 50 participants were included in the validation group: 16 men (32%) and 34 women (68%). The mean age was 48.5 ± 15.5 years, and the mean BMI was 34.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2. The baseline characteristics of both groups were homogeneous. IC reported an average of 2001 ± 552 kcal, with a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.75 ± 0.04. The new REE equation that resulted from the statistical model had an R2 = 0.52 and a bias of ± 3.39 kcal. When the REE obtained from IC was compared with the REE estimated by the new formula, there was no significant difference between the results, and the correlation for all participants was 0.71 (p. <0.0001). When the equations were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method, the difference between the new formula and the REE measurement by IC was a bias of 3.39 ± 384 kcal.Furthermore, a correlation was obtained between the real and estimated REE values using different equations; the most accurate correlation with the new formula was Owen's formula (r=0.712). The new formula had an acceptable correlation with IC REE measurement in overweight and obese patients in the Mexican population. This equation may represent a useful tool for health care professionals who do not have access to IC equipment for the estimation of REE.

Prevalence of Central Obesity in Mexico: A National Study.

Prevalence of Central Obesity in Mexico: A National Study.

Childhood obesity in Mexico: the effect of international migration

AbstractThis article estimates the effect of international migration from Mexico to the United States on the obesity status of children who remain in Mexico. Theory suggests that increased liquidity as well as changing time allocations resulting from migration may influence obesity outcomes. Natural disasters are used as an identification strategy. Results suggest that older boys in urban areas are more likely to become obese when either a male or female migrates from the household, while girls in urban areas are less likely to become obese. Both changes in food expenditure patterns and time use changes after migration are likely pathways that affect childhood obesity. While there are some changes in food expenditures, we find more importantly that urban girls engage in more housework and screen time after migration, whereas urban teen boys do not substitute for adult work as much as girls. These changes in strenuous activities, particularly for girls, likely explain the differential effect that migration has on boys’ and girls’ obesity outcomes in Mexico.

Effect of an education nutrition program in anthropometry, eating habits and physical activity in preschool children from Querétaro, México (626.9)

Children obesity in Mexico has become a public health problem, 9.7% of preschool children are overweighed or obese. A nutrition program was developed in 7 sessions for children and 7 sessions for their parents, it included eating habits (EH) and physical activity (PA). To evaluate the impact of the education program 626 preschool children from 6 public schools in three different locations: rural, urban and semi‐urban participated in a controlled longitudinal study. The nutrition program was implemented in 3 schools, one of each location, the remaining schools were controls. Before and after 6 months of intervention, anthropometry measures (weight, height and waist) were taken and 2 validated questionnaires (EH and PA) were answered by one parent. Complete data was obtained from 491 preschoolers and 205 questionnaires were collected from parents. Anthropometry changes were similar between groups. Only children from the semi‐urban school had a smaller waist to height change [‐0.71(‐1.16,‐0.26)] than the children in control school [0.42(‐0.61,1.44)] (p&lt;0.05). The EA and PA score was improved in children from the intervention schools compared with control schools [EH:0.59(0.16,1.44),‐0.27(‐0.81,0.27), respectively; PA:0.83(.34,1.33), ‐1.14(‐1.67,‐0.60),respectively] (p&lt;0.05).Children from the urban intervention school improved PA more than the control school. Children from the rural intervention school improved their EH more than the control school. In conclusion the nutrition education program did not show clear effect in anthropometry after 6 months, however, there was an impact in EH and PA. Parents participation is required to have a better impact on such programs. . .Grant Funding Source: FOMIX‐CONACYT2012