Oakland University Research Articles

Editorial: Reflections on Forty

Editorial: Reflections on Forty

Cross talk between the inflammation and coagulation systems.

1. J Lynne Williams[⇑][1] 1. is professor and program director, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester MI 1. Address for correspondence: J Lynne Williams PhD CLS(NCA), professor and program director, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester MI 48309. (248) 370-4040, (248) 370-4227 (fax).jlwillia{at}oakland.edu. 1. Identify the major components (cellular and inflammatory mediators) of inflammation. 2. Describe the functions of the inflammatory response. 3. List the major inflammatory cytokines. 4. Identify the significant effects of the inflammatory mediators on the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. 5. Identify the significant effects of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems on inflammation. Previously, blood coagulation and inflammation were thought to be completely different physiologic processes. It is now recognized, however, that these two systems are interrelated as part of the host defense mechanism.1,2 In invertebrates, the functions of clotting and inflammation are mediated by a single cell system, the hemocyte.3 In vertebrates, clotting and inflammation have diverged into the specialized functions of the platelets, phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages), and several plasma protein systems (procoagulant proteins, complement proteins, proteins of the kinin system). Several observations suggest an ongoing interaction between these two systems. There is significant structural homology between the proteins of the complement and coagulation cascades. Both cascades utilize serine proteases and are activated through a series of proteolytic cleavage reactions. Animals subjected to experimental sepsis have multi-organ failure associated with activation of blood coagulation (mediated primarily by inflammatory mechanisms). Inhibition of coagulation factor Xa activity inhibits fibrin formation but does not reduce mortality in this model system. However, inhibition of tissue factor/factor VIIa activity or infusion of activated protein C not only reduces fibrin formation, but also significantly reduces mortality.4 Thus, there are interactions between the proteins of these two systems that go beyond simply the activation of fibrin formation. Both coagulation and inflammation are essential parts of the host defensive response. These pathways have several connecting points through which they interact. Importantly, the interaction between coagulation and inflammation is bidirectional: both inflammation-induced coagulation as well as coagulation-induced inflammation occur.5 THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE The inflammatory response refers to the biochemical… ABBREVATIONS: APC = activated protein C; AT = antithrombin; C4bBP = C4b binding protein; DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation; EC = endothelial cells; EPCR = endothelial cell protein C receptor; GAG = glycosaminoglycans; PAF = platelet activating factor; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PARs= protease activated receptor; PC = protein C; PDGF = platelet derived growth factor; TAFI = thrombin activated fibrinolysis inhibitor; TFPI = tissue factor pathway inhibitor; TM = thrombomodulin; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; ULVWF = ultra-large multimers of von Willebrand factor. 1. Identify the major components (cellular and inflammatory mediators) of inflammation. 2. Describe the functions of the inflammatory response. 3. List the major inflammatory cytokines. 4. Identify the significant effects of the inflammatory mediators on the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. 5. Identify the significant effects of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems on inflammation. [1]: #corresp-1

Properties of hyposmotically activated K channels in human lens epithelial cells (FHL124 LECs)

FHL24 LECs (a gift of Dr. John Reddan, Oakland University), when exposed to hyposmotic media (150mOsM) exhibit regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mediated primarily by a K-selective channel (Lauf et al., ARVO 2006) which was further characterized by Rb influx/K efflux measurements ± inhibitors, and by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunochemistry. In the presence of 0.1 mM ouabain and 5 μM bumetanide, the rate constant of cellular K loss, okK, from FHL124 LECs increased from 0.0015 min−1 at 300 mOsM to 0.005 min−1 at 150 mOsM, equivalent to a permeability change of >3 fold causing a 40% K and 26% water loss within 15 min. The permeability sequence of this Na-independent channel appears to be K>Rb>Cs. Of some 20 inhibitors tested, chlotrimazole (CLT) completely inhibited K loss at 50 μM, whereas TEA and apamin failed, suggesting Ca-dependent intermediate (IK) rather than big (BK) or small (SK) conductance channels mediate RVD in FHL124 LECs. RT-PCR showed the presence of mRNA for IK channels, and for all BK channel subunits (KCNβA1, βA2, βA3, βA4, SLACK), as well as for the SK channel isoforms 1, 2 and 3. Western blots using commercial antibodies revealed the presence of high and low molecular weight protein bands consistent with membrane expression of IK, SK2 and 3, and probably BK channels. Verification by immunofluorescence is in progress. Results suggest that FHL124 LEC express three classes of K channels. However, only a CLT-sensitive Ca-activated IK channel may mediate RVD response to hyposmotic challenge.

Diagnostic and Other Correlates of HIV Risk Behaviors in a Probability Sample of Homeless Adults

Diagnostic and Other Correlates of HIV Risk Behaviors in a Probability Sample of Homeless Adults

Adela Breton: A Victorian Artist Amid Mexico's Ruins (review)

Reviewed by: Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750-1808 Mary Karash Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750-1808. By Kenneth Maxwell. New York and London: Routledge, 2004. Pp. 289. Illustrations. Statistical Appendix. Bibliography. Index. $95.00 cloth; $27.95 paper. This beautifully illustrated book puts yet another woman back into the early days of the history of Mesoamerican archaeology with the story of Adela Breton. Breton, a Victorian lady of intelligence, means, and grit, as well as tremendous artistic talent, was born into a British family whose paternal side combined Wanderlust with writing skills. Following her father's death, she was free to indulge her desire for travel. During her first trip to Mexico in 1892, she fell in love with its antiquity and made the faithful, artistic rendering of its Maya sites and the presentation of her findings her life's work. It is thanks to her that we know how many fragile ruins [End Page 448] looked before time, erosion, and the intrusion of outsiders conspired to destroy them. For example, a quick comparison between her color drawings at the Nunnery at Chichén Itzá and those made 25 years later by Jean Charlot testify poignantly to the value of her dedication. "Mentored" by Alfred Tozzer, and friends with Zelia Nuttall, she also made meticulous drawings of the site of Tula as well. In addition, she was a fixture in the Congresses of Americanists from 1902 on, where her work could be exhibited on the world stage until her death in 1923. Many of her works, notably her colorations of the Chichén Itzá casts for the Philadelphia Museum, are lost to us, but much remains to enthrall us. It will be great fun to see what travel and gender theorists will make of her adventurous life. Mary Karash Oakland University Rochester, Michigan Copyright © 2007 Academy of American Franciscan History

Keeping Up With the Journals: A Library Journal Club at Oakland University

Keeping Up With the Journals: A Library Journal Club at Oakland University

Reference Desk Notes

ABSTRACT Reference Desk Notes is a “home grown” knowledge management system being used at Oakland University's Kresge Library. Literature is reviewed relating to knowledge management, its application in libraries, and best practices. An analysis of the use of the system to date is included, based on information extracted from the underlying database, web logs, and two user surveys.

Editorial

Colleagues,It is a pleasure to introduce this double issue of the Journal of Mechanical Design, which contains the supplement on Robust and Reliability-Based Design edited by Profs. Shapour Azarm and Zissimos Mourelatos. This combination of invited and contributed papers provides a timely description of the state of the art in this important area of mechanical design research.I am pleased to announce that the ASME Publications Committee has recommended that in 2007 the Journal of Mechanical Design move to 12 monthly issues with a total of 1400 pages. Recall that in 2003 our journal consisted of four quarterly issues totaling 700 pages. We now receive about 450 submissions per year, and benefit from reviews provided by colleagues around the world.Managing this review process are 21 Associate Editors, each with a three-year term. It is easy to estimate that seven associate editors will retire each year, and as of this issue, Profs. Kyung K. Choi, Suresh Ananthasuresh, Q. Jeffrey Ge, Erol Sancaktar, David Kazmer, and Michael Savage have completed their excellent service to our research community.I am honored to announce that Profs. Ashitava Ghosal, Zissimos Mourelatos, and Jose Rico were nominated by the Design Division Executive Committee and approved by the ASME Publications Committee to begin their terms of service. Their photographs and biographies are below.The effort of each of our associate editors is rewarded only by our recognition of the critical role that they play in the success of our research community. Please join me in expressing deep gratitude for the service of our outgoing associate editors, and in welcoming the commitment of our new associate editors.Dr. Zissimos P. Mourelatos is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Oakland University in Rochester, MI. Before joining Oakland University, he spent 18 years at the General Motors Research and Development (GM R&D) Center and was concurrently an Adjunct Associate Professor at The University of Michigan for 17 years. He received his Ph.D. in 1985 from The University of Michigan. He conducts research in the areas of structural dynamics and reliability methods in engineering design. His research interests include internal combustion engine dynamics, NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness), design under uncertainty, structural reliability methods, reliability analysis with insufficient data, and response surface generation. He is active in the dynamics and vibrations as well as structural reliability communities, including membership in SAE, ASME, and AIAA. Dr. Mourelatos has published over 80 journal and conference publications, and is the Editor-in-Chief of the newly formed “International Journal of Reliability and Safety.”Jose Maria Rico obtained a B.Sc. degree at the Instituto Tecnologico de Celaya in 1974, a M.Sc. degree at the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey in 1977, and a Ph.D. degree at the University of Florida in 1988, under the guidance of the late Prof. Joseph Duffy, all in Mechanical Engineering. From 1975 to 2005, he was affiliated with the Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica at the Instituto Tecnologico de Celaya, Mexico. Since 2005, he has been affiliated with the Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica, Electrica y Electronica at the Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico. For several years, he was a summer visiting scholar at the Center for Intelligent Machines and Robotics at the University of Florida, and he has had sabbatical stays at Arizona State University (1992–1993) with Prof. Joseph K. Davidson, and at the University of California, Davis (1999–2000) with Prof. Bahram Ravani. He is interested in theoretical and computational kinematics.Dr. Ashitava Ghosal obtained his B.Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India in 1980, an MS degree from the University of Florida at Gainesville in 1982, and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University in 1986. He then worked at Carnegie Mellon University and at Integrated Systems, Inc., Santa Clara, before moving to the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India in August 1988. He is interested in the topics of kinematics, dynamics and control of robots, computer controlled mechanical systems, and other multibody systems. He is also interested in design of mechanical systems and product design, and has published over 65 papers in international journals, conference proceedings, and workshops. Recently his book on robotics has been published by Oxford University Press. More details on his research and other activities are available at http://www.mecheng.iisc.ernet.in/~asitava

Incidence of Pregnancy-Associated Venous Thromboembolism

Letters21 March 2006Incidence of Pregnancy-Associated Venous ThromboembolismPaul D. Stein, MD, Fadi Kayali, MD, Allen Silbergleit, MD, Russell D. Hull, MBBS, MSc, Ronald E. Olson, PhD, and Frederick A. Meyers, MDPaul D. Stein, MDFrom St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada; Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309; and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this author, Fadi Kayali, MDFrom St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada; Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309; and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this author, Allen Silbergleit, MDFrom St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada; Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309; and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this author, Russell D. Hull, MBBS, MScFrom St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada; Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309; and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this author, Ronald E. Olson, PhDFrom St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada; Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309; and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this author, and Frederick A. Meyers, MDFrom St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada; Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309; and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Heit and colleagues (1) stated that there are few data regarding the relative risks for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. After examining 105 patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) during pregnancy or postpartum, the authors estimated that the incidence of DVT during pregnancy remained essentially unchanged over the 30-year period of study and that the incidence of postpartum DVT declined. The authors speculated that early mobilization and shorter hospitalization after delivery may have contributed to this result. This apparently advantageous observation, based on a limited database, may cause physicians to become complacent.We reported ...

What Can Standardized Reading Tests Tell Us? Question-answer Relationships and Students' Performance

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsDanhua WangDanhua Wang is an Assistant Professor of Reading at St. Louis Community College in Missouri, where she teaches different levels of a developmental reading course and a freshman English composition course. The author wants to express her appreciation to Dr. John Cosgrove for the institutional support. She received her Ph. D. in reading and language arts from Oakland University in Michigan.

Perturbation of subcellular acyl‐CoA metabolism by methoxy acetic acid

Toxicity of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is mediated by 2-methoxy acetic acid (MAA, 3-oxabutanoic acid). Impact of MAA on enzymes critical to normal lipid metabolism (acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), acyl-CoA hydrolase (ACH), carnitine acyltransferase (CAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), glycine N-acyltransferases, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases) is evaluated with subcellular rat liver fractions. For ACS, MAA was compared with physiologic butanoic acid; mitochondrial ACS activity was 60% greater (376.9 nmol/min/mg vs 234.7) with MAA. For other assays, synthetic MAA-CoA and butanoyl-CoA were used. Peroxisomal ACH hydrolyzed MAA-CoA at 22% the rate of butanoyl-CoA (0.26 vs 1.16 nmol/min/mg). Reactivity of MAA-CoA with mitochondrial and peroxisomal CAT was 20% and 28% that of control. MAA-CoA was more reactive with UDP-glucuronosyltransferases compared to butanoyl-CoA (13.5 vs 8.90 nmol/min/mg). Decreased hydrolysis and membrane transport of MAA-CoA, compared with its facile synthesis, may sequester CoA in subcellular compartments. Decreased glycine conjugation of MAA-CoA suggests that MAA is not effectively eliminated by this route; thus MAA-CoA may accumulate in detrimental amounts and possibly interfere with other mitochondrial metabolic reactions. (Supported by Oakland University REF.)

Virtual electrode effects around an artificial heterogeneity during field stimulation of cardiac tissue

rom the *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Department of Physics nd Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and ducation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt niversity, Nashville, Tennessee, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, ichigan, and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan.

Fluorous Compounds and Their Role in Separation Chemistry

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorous Compounds and Their Role in Separation ChemistryMaria Angeles Ubeda and Roman Dembinski View Author Information Departament de Quimica Inorganica, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4477Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1, 84Publication Date (Web):January 1, 2006Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 2006Published inissue 1 January 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ed083p84RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (202 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Organic synthesis,Phase separation Get e-Alerts

Face Up to Rosacea

Heather L. Roebuck is a Nurse Practitioner in Dermatology at M. Siegel MD, P.C. Diseases-Surgery of The Skin in Waterford, Mich. In addition, she is a Nurse Practitioner Mentor and Lecturer in Nursing at Oakland University in Rochester, Mich. The author has disclosed that she has no significant relationship or financial interest in any commercial companies that pertain to this education activity.

Student preferences for purchase given limited library budgets

Many librarians are struggling to maintain high‐quality collections given limited funding and budget constraints. It has become necessary for librarians to set priorities on the development of book, journal, and electronic journal collections since libraries cannot afford to “have it all”. What would students decide under similar conditions? During March 2002, a survey was distributed to a number of education students at Oakland University to determine the types of materials they would purchase given limited funding. In addition, they were asked about their satisfaction level regarding the present book, journal, and electronic journal collections within the library. Information on class standing and previous library instruction was also obtained. Results from 243 participants indicated that students are fairly satisfied with the collections. Overall, they were more likely to prefer purchase of electronic formats. In addition, students who had previous library instruction are more likely to use electronic journals than those without library instruction.

Beyond These Walls

To enhance the learning experiences of all students, today's academic librarians must engage in outreach efforts that move beyond the walls of the library. In the past year, Oakland University's Kresge Library has made significant inroads in developing outreach initiatives that provide needed services to previously underserved student populations, such as transfer students, multicultural groups, and on-cam-pus residents. These programs have increased the library's visibility, enhanced its image among the university's students, faculty, and staff alike, and positioned it at the heart of teaching and learning on campus. This article describes some of these outreach efforts.

The myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative disorders.

Our understanding of the exact molecular and genetic alterations responsible for the evolution of the diverse diseases included under the myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders lags behind that of the acute leukemias and CML. However, progress is being made, and new tests for molecular markers (increased PRV-1/CD177, decreased Mpl expression) are being developed. While in the past, treatment for both groups of diseases was primarily supportive, an improved understanding of the underlying pathobiology has led to new treatments with promising preliminary results. The laboratory's role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of efficacy of treatment will continue to expand as new tests become available.

Advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of neoplastic hematologic disorders.

The 45th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology was held December 6-9, 2003, at the San Diego Convention Center in California. As with past meetings, there were exciting new developments, comprehensive educational programs, and phenomenal exhibits. There was also an ever increasing ASCLS presence at the meeting, as more hematology/hemostasis educators and researchers are finding their way to this very excellent scientific meeting. A group of us who attended the meeting would like to share with our colleagues who were unable to attend some of the new information in select areas, covered in the following two articles with a third to follow in the next issue of CLS. While a comprehensive summary of the entire meeting would be desirable, the scope of the meeting makes such an endeavor unfeasible. Consequently, we have chosen the areas of myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes, acute lymphocytic leukemias, and acute myelocytic leukemias.

Do Our Students Want Values Programs?

Values programs are easier to justify if students actually want to participate in them. We analyzed data from the 2001 Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) survey administered at Oakland University. About a third of the students thought that developing a meaningful philosophy of life was important. These students were somewhat more socially active, focused on individual intellectual pursuits, politically liberal, and spiritual than other students. They thought that individuals can change society. Students interested in philosophy of life don’t appear to be more religious than other students. On average, black students were more interested in developing a meaningful philosophy of life than white students.

Rekindling Meaning in Undergraduate Education: Institutional Culture and Character Development

It is often difficult to engage mainstream faculty members in serious discussion about the importance of providing students with an education that not only develops a strong knowledge base but also develops the skills needed to make moral and ethical decisions and to undertake an active civic life. This paper examines three roots of faculty resistance to character education that spring from the Enlightenment thought that permeates academic culture. The purposes of the Enlightenment have become entangled in the minds of many faculty with the strategies and pathways later taken to achieve them. The paper suggests that faculty can mistakenly believe that they are defending cherished Enlightenment purposes by opposing character education when they are instead defending the paths that have been taken to achieve these goals. Separating Enlightenment purposes from the paths taken to achieve them can open a space for dialogue about purposes of education that the university community holds in common, whether new paths might be more effective in achieving these goals, and about the importance of educating whole persons to become effective citizens. The discussion is based on structured interviews with faculty groups at Oakland University.