Nutrition Solutions Research Articles

The Response of Fig to Foliar Application of GA Combination (GA4+GA7) and Nutrition Liquid PRO-SOL on Some of the Growth Parameters

For the growing season (25 February – 30 October 2021), the College of Agriculture at Tikrit University conducted an experiment to convert the wooden canopy to a lath house. Spraying fig seedlings with a Gibberellin acid mixture and Pro-sol nutritional solution allowed researchers to examine the effects on the seedlings’ vegetative development characteristics and chemical content at 0, 25, and 50 mg.L-1. Plants were exposed to three different PRO-SOL nutritional solution concentrations ( 0, 75 and 150 mg.L-1.) There were three separate dates for the addition and distribution: the first on 15 March 2021, the second 15 days later, and so on for the third. A completely randomized block design was used for this study (RCBD). S.A.S., a pre-made statistical program, was used to evaluate the components and their interactions, and the findings were examined using an analysis of variance table. At the 0.05 probability level, the L.S.D. was determined to be the minimal detectable difference. Here is a quick rundown of the study’s findings: The growth rate of the plant, the number of leaves, the diameter of the stem, the number of new branches, the Chlorophyll, Carbohydrate, Nitrogen, and the ratio of Carbohydrates to Nitrogen, Protein, Potassium, and Phosphorous content of the leaves, all reached 46.89 cm, 13.44 sheets after being sprayed with a Gibberellin mixture, especially at the level of 50 mg.L-1 (GA2). One seedling, 16.00 mm in height, with 3.89 limbs. Seedling-1 had a SPAD value of 24.38, and its corresponding percentages were 2.69, 1.26, 2.36, 0.16, and 1.38. PRO-SOL 150mg, which is the maximum recommended dosage. The rate at which the plants in the study increased in height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of new branches, chlorophyll content, carbohydrates, nitrogen, and the ratio of carbohydrates to nitrogen, protein, and potassium all increased significantly in response to L-1 (Pr2). 50.33 inches, or 14.44 sheets, of phosphorus. One seedling, 17.3mm in diameter, with 4.67 branches. Seedling-1 had the lowest average for the aforementioned characteristics in the comparative treatment (25.38 SPAD units, 3.26 percent, 1.39 percent, 2.10 percent, 0.20 percent, and 1.58 percent). The binary interaction between the Gibberellin mixture and nutrient solution Pro-sol showed significant differences, especially the GA2 Pr2 treatment, which gave the highest rates for all studied traits.

Investigating the effectiveness of LED lighting in the production of rich sprouts for food purposes

In recent times, there has been a surge in interest in the impact of diet and physical activity on human health, with the goal of expanding lifespan and enhancing the quality of life. This has Light-emitting diode (LED) to interventions centered on incorporating healthy foods, including fresh sprouts, which are rich in antioxidant compounds and beneficial phytonutrients for human consumption. Various factors, such as temperature, nutritional solution, and types of light quality and intensity, can influence the nutritional value of sprouts. This study evaluates the impact of LED light with red-blue-ultraviolet (6:3:1; R:B:UV) and three levels of intensity (control, 120, and 150 μmol/m2s−1) on five different sprout species, namely wheat, barley, mung bean, alfalfa, and soybean, after seven days of germination. The research investigates the effects on various parameters, including photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b, total), carotenoid, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and soluble proteins, soluble sugars, starch, vitamin C, and element content such as potassium, iron, and phosphorus. The results indicate that the LED treatments and increasing light intensity significantly improve the physiological and antioxidant properties of edible sprouts, with the 150 μmol/m2s−1 treatment producing the most beneficial outcomes. Additionally, increasing light intensity reduces starch content while enhancing the content of photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, vitamin C, element concentration, antioxidant enzymes, and soluble proteins. Among the five species of edible sprouts, barley had the highest content of photosynthetic pigments, while soybean and mung beans had the lowest content. Mung beans and alfalfa had the highest and lowest concentrations of potassium and iron, respectively. In terms of phosphorus concentration, soybean and barley sprouts showed the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively.

Effect of Diet on Depression: A Review of Nutritional Solutions

Depression is a mental illness with several categories that have common symptoms such as chronic sorrow, lack of interest, lack of pleasure, mood swings between guilt and poor self-esteem, sleep disturbances, and a loss of appetite. Over 300 million individuals globally suffer from depression, and the socioeconomic cost of this debilitating disorder is expected to rise dramatically in the future decades.
 Behavioral health illnesses can be prevented and treated to some extent with dietary and nutritional means. Nutritional psychiatry has produced observational and effectiveness evidence regarding the role of healthy dietary patterns in the onset and treatment of depressive symptoms. Diet is associated with depressive symptoms or depression, meaning that an increase in depressive disorders coincide with a deterioration in healthy living choices, including poor quality diets.
 Healthy eating habits and adequate intake of essential nutrients via the diet can help prevent and treat depression by reducing symptoms of mental illness. In addition, because nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for depression, it is practical for the public to consider dietary changes to reduce the prevalence of depressive disorders.
 This paper reviews the potential value of diet-based actions to manage depression, and ways in which dietary changes could be made to improve mental and cognitive health. Furthermore, some practical solutions for preventing and controlling depression are proposed based on health-related effects of improving dietary habits and life style.

The effect of parenteral nutrition products on infection parameters in patients receiving long-term mechanical ventilation support

Aim: Malnutrition can increase the frequency of infections by reducing the immune system response. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is considered an important treatment for patients who cannot receive adequate oral or enteral nutrition. The contents of nutritional products may be different. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of soy-based and olive oil-based parenteral nutrition products on infection parameters.
 Material and Method: A total of 82 patients were included in the study, 50 of which were soy (Group 2) and 32 were olive-based (Group 1) parenteral nutrition. Patient files and laboratory results were reviewed. Age, gender, 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days in intensive care, leukocyte and platelet counts, Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) values, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (Apache II) score and first blood culture results after hospitalization were recorded.
 Results: The 7th and 21st day CRP values in Group 1 were statistically significantly lower than the 7th and 21st days CRP values in Group 2. In Group 1, growth in blood culture was statistically significantly lower and in Group 2 there was a statistically significant early growth.
 Conclusion: As a result, it was found that olive oil-based lipid-containing nutritional solutions were more advantageous in terms of infection on intensıve care than soy-based nutrition products. It was concluded that patients who received postoperative mechanical ventilator support fed with olive oil-based parenteral nutrition products had less infectious growth.

Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Growth and Development of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under Standard and High EC Nutrient Solution in Aeroponic Cultivation

High electrical conductivity (EC) in cultivation systems with the recirculating nutrient solutions can affect plant growth and development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the selected physiological and biochemical parameters of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) growing aeroponically at standard and high concentrations of nutritive solutions. Four experimental variants were tested: (1) plants cultivated under low EC conditions, (2) plants cultivated under low EC conditions and treated with foliar SA, (3) plants cultivated under high EC conditions, (4) plants cultivated under high EC conditions and treated with SA on leaves and roots. The obtained results revealed that exogenous SA, regardless of EC, reduced the formation of fruits with calcium deficiency symptoms. Furthermore, SA helps plants to cope with high EC nutrient stress through an increase in leaf SPAD index, maximum light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence and PSII viability. Exogenous SA reduced the number of soluble proteins both under low and high EC; however, increased H2O2 content induced a defence mechanism reflected by the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. The results of the study provide valuable information on the role of SA in the alleviation of the harmful effect of salinity under aeroponic cultivation.

Silicon mitigates the negative impacts of salt stress in soybean plants.

Soybean is widely cultivated around the world, including regions with salinity conditions. Salt stress impairs plant physiology and growth, but recent evidence suggests that silicon (Si) is able to mitigate this stressful condition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how different strategies of Si application impact on salt stress tolerance of an intermediate Si accumulator species (soybean). Therefore, we applied four treatments: Si-untreated plants (Si 0); foliar spraying at 20 mmol L-1 (Si F); nutritive solution addition at 2.0 mol L-1 (Si R), and combined foliar spraying at 20 mmol L-1 plus nutritive solution at 2.0 mmol L-1 (Si F + R). We investigated how Si application modified growth, leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), nutrient accumulation, and ion homeostasis of soybean plants submitted to different levels of salt stress (50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCl). Salinity induced an expressive reduction in ion accumulation, plant water status, and growth of soybean, while Si application promoted contrary effects and increased potassium (K+ ) accumulation, water status, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and gas exchange attributes. Additionally, Si application enhanced Si accumulation associated with decreased Na+ uptake and improved morpho-physiological growth. The use of exogenous Si can be an efficient strategy to attenuate the harmful effects of salt stress in soybean plants. The best application strategy was observed with combined foliar spraying with Si included in the nutritive solution (Si F + R). © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Nutrientes na produção de alface em aquaponia com peixes tilápia em comparação com hidroponia

ABSTRACT In aquaponic systems, the residual water from the cultivation of fish is not enough to meet the nutritional demands of plants. The main objective of this study was to investigate how to adjust a nutritive solution for the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in aquaponics, based on hydroponics. The treatments included six separate crops of lettuce in an aquaponic system, while the hydroponic system served as the control. In each treatment, three blocks were used to quantify the parameters of ‘head’ diameter, number and dry weight of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, and the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in the total dry weight of the lettuce plants. The lower nutrient supply led to the occurrence of the lowest total dry weight in the C2 leaf crops when compared to that of the other crops of aquaponics, which had adequate time for system maturation. The system maturation and the use of a balanced solution in the C5 and C6 crops allowed the head diameter of the aquaponics plants to be equal to those of the hydroponics plants. In the aquaponic system, N and Fe were the most limiting macronutrient and micronutrient, respectively. To produce lettuce in an aquaponic system, it is necessary to ‘ripen’ the crop water for at least 30 days, and supplement micronutrients in the form of mineral fertiliser.

Smart Farm Hydroponics berbasis IOT dengan NodeMCU ESP8266

The development of information technology is increasing rapidly from time to time, information technology can be felt directly by humans and has experienced significant changes in several sectors of life. One form of progress in the field of information technology is the Internet of Things (IoT) platform. Agriculture is an important sector for people's lives. Hydroponics is a method in agriculture that can cultivate plants without the need for land, but uses water and nutrient solutions as a planting medium. This hydroponic cultivation has many advantages including more practical maintenance and more controlled pest disturbances, does not depend on natural conditions, and can be done on limited land. To optimize agricultural products, farmers need to get nutritional conditions, solution pH and temperature in real time to be able to make the right decisions for what crops to plant. The process of decreasing the temperature from 360 Celsius to 340 Celsius lasts ± 3 minutes. And the provision of plant nutrition is carried out by order through the Blynk application.

Development of an automatic solar powered honey bee feeding system in a movable multi shelves apiary

Keeping bee colonies is one of the most important sectors of investment in the global agricultural field. Internationally, beekeepers are interested in improving bee feeding methods to maximize the productivity and quality of their products. Whereas the current study aims to develop and evaluate an automatic feeding system that works with solar energy. This technique increases the vertical expansion of beekeeping by designing a multi-shelf mobile apiary for easy transportation as desired. The development process included the inclusion of automated feeders that operate electronically using sensors to provide a nutritional solution for bee colonies without human intervention. Also, the automatic apiary was provided with a sugar solution tank that was equipped with a continuous stirring system that works with a timer. Also, the automatic apiary contains an alarm system and remote mobile contact with the beekeeper in case of depletion of the sugar syrup. The variables under study included three levels of nutritional level volumes of 500, 750, and 1000 ml, respectively, with two stirring periods (3 and 6 times/day) at two concentrations for sugar solution of 50 and 67%. The evaluation process was done during the critical winter period of the year, from December to March. The main results showed that the colonies’ strength had an increment ratio over control hives of 30.23% when using the highest variable levels. Also, the seasonal energy consumption ranged from 1.25–2.81 kWh per season. Therefore, beekeepers can benefit from this novel feeding approach.

Effects of Nutrition and Light Quality on the Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in an Advanced Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting (PFAL)

A plant factory is a highly developed product system that can produce higher yields and better quality plants under controlled conditions. However, knowledge of blueberry cultivation in plant factories is limited. This study established an advanced plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) and investigated the effects of nutrition supply and light qualities on the growth performance of blueberries. Different nutrition treatments affected the vegetative growth of blueberries in PFAL, especially the new shoot length and number. Exogenous fertilization significantly promoted the uptake of N, P, and K elements, and a nutrition solution with N:P:K = 2:1:1 was suggested to be superior for blueberries in PFAL. Red light facilitated vegetative growth to some degree, and the blue light was conducive to increased chlorophyll and anthocyanin content. The Pn value was significantly enhanced under 60% red plus 40% blue light. Combining red and blue light is more beneficial to blueberry growth and might be a preferential strategy in PFAL. This study is the first to investigate the growth performance of blueberries cultivated in PFAL, which can provide an important theoretical database for blueberry cultivation in a plant factory with artificial lighting.

Sodium glycerophosphate use in parenteral nutrition improves mineral metabolism in extremely low birth weight infants.

To evaluate the clinical effect of sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP) in parenteral nutrition solutions on mineral metabolism in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. NaGP was introduced for use in place of potassium phosphate (K3PO4) in January 2018; this retrospective cohort study included 95 ELBW infants treated with K3PO4 between January 2015 and December 2017 and 77 infants treated with NaGP between August 2018 and January 2021. Mineral intake over the first 14days; changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels over the first 1-3months; and the rates of electrolyte imbalance and clinical morbidity were compared. High-risk infants who had nil per os (NPO) status for >14days and prolonged parenteral nutrition exposure were further analyzed as a subgroup. The use of NaGP instead of K3PO4 significantly increased Ca and P intake, but intakes remained below the recommended range (Ca, 64-140mg/kg/day; P, 50-108mg/kg/day). Compared with levels in the K3PO4 group, the NaGP group had significantly higher serum Ca and P levels after day 14 and lower ALP levels after day 56. In the subgroup analysis, the NaGP group had significantly lower incidences of hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and ALP >500 IU/L. Although the administration of NaGP instead of K3PO4 in parenteral nutrition regimens still did not provide adequate Ca and P intake for ELBW infants, higher intake significantly improved serum Ca and P levels, especially in ELBW infants with prolonged parenteral nutrition exposure.

Protein-energy metabolism and nutritional support in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are among the most severe in the intensive care unit (ICU), they require complex treatment, accompanied by a long stay in the hospital and rehabilitation. Nutritional support (NS) plays an important role in the intensive care program. Despite an increase in the use of ECMO in the ICU over the past decade, informative clinical data regarding the optimal methods of maintaining nutritional status and controlling metabolism are rare. The lack of evidence base and guidelines for NS for adult patients on ECMO results in heterogeneity in clinical practice regarding optimal macro and micronutrient requirements, time of NS initiation, type and amount of nutritional support solutions. OBJECTIVE: Provide a review and critical assessment of the latest data regarding NS in critically ill adult patients on ECMO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search and selection of publications was performed using the PubMed database. Studies published from 2012 to 2021 were analyzed to explore the approaches to NS in ECMO patients. Relevant studies were limited to randomized controlled trials, observational studies and clinical trials. RESULTS: A total of 14 observational studies were selected. Early enteral nutrition has been considered safe and feasible for ECMO patients, but achieving energy and protein targets is challenging. Data on the impact of NS on clinical outcomes and complications have been conflicting. Efforts should be made to achieve an adequate patient supply on ECMO of more than 80 % of the calculated energy and protein targets. NS in ECMO patients should be carried out in accordance with current guidelines for NS in critically ill patients until further data become available. CONCLUSIONS: A personalized approach is important principle of nutritional and metabolic therapy. Further studies are needed to investigate the association of various NS methods on clinical outcome endpoints in ICU ECMO patients.

Prospects of microgreens as budding living functional food: Breeding and biofortification through OMICS and other approaches for nutritional security.

Nutrient deficiency has resulted in impaired growth and development of the population globally. Microgreens are considered immature greens (required light for photosynthesis and growing medium) and developed from the seeds of vegetables, legumes, herbs, and cereals. These are considered "living superfood/functional food" due to the presence of chlorophyll, beta carotene, lutein, and minerals like magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), and Calcium (Ca). Microgreens are rich at the nutritional level and contain several phytoactive compounds (carotenoids, phenols, glucosinolates, polysterols) that are helpful for human health on Earth and in space due to their anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Microgreens can be used as plant-based nutritive vegetarian foods that will be fruitful as a nourishing constituent in the food industryfor garnish purposes, complement flavor, texture, and color to salads, soups, flat-breads, pizzas, and sandwiches (substitute to lettuce in tacos, sandwich, burger). Good handling practices may enhance microgreens'stability, storage, and shelf-life under appropriate conditions, including light, temperature, nutrients, humidity, and substrate. Moreover, the substrate may be a nutritive liquid solution (hydroponic system) or solid medium (coco peat, coconut fiber, coir dust and husks, sand, vermicompost, sugarcane filter cake, etc.) based on a variety of microgreens. However integrated multiomics approaches alongwith nutriomics and foodomics may be explored and utilized to identify and breed most potential microgreen genotypes, biofortify including increasing the nutritional content (macro-elements:K, Ca and Mg; oligo-elements: Fe and Zn and antioxidant activity) and microgreens related other traits viz., fast growth, good nutritional values, high germination percentage, and appropriate shelf-life through the implementation of integrated approaches includes genomics, transcriptomics, sequencing-based approaches, molecular breeding, machine learning, nanoparticles, and seed priming strategiesetc.

Oral Somatosensory Alterations in Head and Neck Cancer Patients-An Overview of the Evidence and Causes.

Food-related sensory alterations are prevalent among cancer patients and negatively impact their relationship with food, quality of life, and overall health outcome. In addition to taste and smell, food perception is also influenced by somatosensation comprising tactile, thermal, and chemesthetic sensations; yet studies on oral somatosensory perception of cancer patients are lacking to provide patients with tailored nutritional solutions. The present review aimed to summarise findings on the oral somatosensory perception of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and the potential aetiologies of somatosensory alterations among this population. Subjective assessments demonstrated alterations in oral somatosensory perception such as sensitivity to certain textures, spices, and temperatures. Physiological changes in oral somatosensation have been observed through objective assessments of sensory function, showing reduced localised tactile function and thermal sensitivity. Changes in whole-mouth tactile sensation assessed using texture discrimination and stereognosis ability seem to be less evident. Available evidence indicated oral somatosensory alterations among HNC patients, which may affect their eating behaviour, but more studies with larger sample sizes and standardised assessment methods are needed. Unlike other types of cancers, sensory alterations in HNC patients are not only caused by the treatments, but also by the cancer itself, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Prevalent oral complications, such as xerostomia, dysphagia, mucositis, and chemosensory alterations, further modify their oral condition and food perception. Oral somatosensory perception of cancer patients is an under-investigated topic, which constitutes an important avenue for future research due to its potential significance on eating behaviour and quality of life.

Climate-friendly, health-promoting, and culturally acceptable diets for German adult omnivores, pescatarians, vegetarians, and vegans – a linear programming approach

ObjectivesA frequently suggested approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) caused by food production is to reduce the intake of animal products, which can create nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to identify culturally acceptable nutritional solutions for German adults that are both climate friendly and health promoting. MethodsLinear programming was applied to optimize the food supply for omnivores, pescatarians, vegetarians, and vegans considering nutritional adequacy, health promotion, GHGEs, affordability, and cultural acceptability by approaching German national food consumption. ResultsImplementing dietary reference values and omitting meat (products) reduced the GHGEs by ≤52%. The vegan diet was alone in staying below the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) threshold of 1.6 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per person per day. The optimized omnivorous diet constrained to meet this goal maintained ≥50% of each baseline food and, on average, deviated from baseline by 36% for women and 64% for men. Butter, milk, meat products, and cheese were reduced by half for both sexes, whereas bread, bakery goods, milk, and meat were reduced mainly for men. The intake of vegetables, cereals, pulses, mushrooms, and fish increased by between 63% and 260% for the omnivores, compared with baseline. Besides the vegan dietary pattern, all optimized diets cost less than the baseline diet. ConclusionsA linear programming approach for optimizing the German habitual diet to be healthy, affordable, and meet the IPCC GHGE threshold was possible for several dietary patterns and appears to be a feasible way forward toward including climate goals into food-based dietary guidelines.

Using nutrigenomics to guide personalized nutrition supplementation for bolstering immune system.

Immunity refers to the ability of the human immune system to resist pathogen infection. Immune system has the basic functions of immune defense, immune self stabilization and immune surveillance. Balanced nutrition is the cornerstone of the immune system to play its immune function, and nutritional intervention is also an important means to maintain and improve immunity. Previous studies have confirmed that T cells have individual differences in recognizing viral antigens of virus infected cells, and the body's response to antigens is controlled by a variety of genetic genes, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, immune response (Ir) genes, etc. In this paper, through immunity genetic testing, we screen out genetically susceptible people with low immunity and people with the risk of nutrient metabolism disorders; through using lifestyle questionnaire and physical examination results, we analyze people's physical condition, dietary habits, and exercise habits to evaluate people's nutrient deficiency degree. Then, combining multi-dimensional health data, we evaluate users' immune status and nutritional deficiency risk comprehensively, further, we implemented personalized nutrition intervention on the types and doses of nutritional supplements to improve immunity. We also validated the effectiveness of our personalized nutrition solution through a population-based cohort study.

Bacillus subtilis Promotes Cucumber Growth and Quality under Higher Nutrient Solution by Altering the Rhizospheric Microbial Community

Bacillus subtilis was applied in peat-based soilless cultivation systems containing a mixed substrate (peat:vermiculite:perlite = 2:1:1, v/v/v) and irrigated by one-strength or four-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution to explore whether it can alleviate inhibition by higher-nutrient solutions (four-strength) and bring benefits to improvements of quality. The results showed that higher-nutrient solutions improved the flavor quality of cucumber fruit; especially, the contents of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-Nonenal were effectively increased, which are the special flavor substances of cucumber. B. subtilis K424 effectively improved growth performance, photosynthetic capacity, vitamin C content, soluble sugars, soluble protein, and total pectin in cucumber under higher nutrition solution conditions. Compared with the higher solution treatment, the bacterial diversity significantly increased, whereas the presence of fungi had no significant difference following the B. subtilis K424 application. Moreover, B. subtilis K424 reduced the relative abundance of Actinomadura and promoted that of the Rhodanobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Devosiaceae, and Blastobotrys genera. Redundancy analysis showed that Bacillus, Rhodanobacter, and Blastobotrys were positively correlated with the substrate enzyme of sucrase, catalase, and urease. This study provides insight that B. subtilis K424 mitigated the deleterious effects of high levels of nutrition solution on cucumber growth and quality by improving the substrate enzyme, regulating the microbial community structure, and enhancing the photosynthetic capacity.

Early-Life Gut Health Indicators and Reported Prevalence of Infant Functional Constipation by Healthcare Professionals

A healthy gut during early childhood is important. However, it seems that there are no standard indicators used to assess it. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) were asked via an electronic survey question about gut health indicators (GHIs) for infants and toddlers, in addition to an estimated prevalence of infant's functional constipation (FC) and its management. HCPs from eight countries participated in the survey (Russia (66.0%, 1449), Indonesia (11.0%, 242), Malaysia (6.0%, 132), Mexico (5.7%, 125), KSA (5.1%, 113), Turkey (3.0%, 66), Hong Kong (2.2%, 49), and Singapore (1.0%, 23)). The 2199 participating respondents were further classified into three continents (Asia (20.2%), Europe (68.8%), and others (11.0%)). Most of them were pediatricians (80.3%), followed by pediatric gastroenterologists (7.0%), general practitioners (6.4%), and others (6.3%). The top three preferred GHIs were similar for infants and toddlers: an absence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, effective digestion/absorption as assessed by normal growth, and a general feeling of well-being. The absence of GI-related infection was the least preferred indicator. Most of the respondents reported the prevalence of FC among infants was less than 5%, with the peak incidence between the ages of 3 and 6 months. The reported choices of intervention to manage FC in infants were a change to a specific nutritional solution from a standard formula (40.2%), parental reassurance (31.7%), and lactulose (17.0%). Conclusion: The HCPs in the eight countries preferred the absence of GI symptoms, normal growth for effective digestion and absorption, and general well-being as the gut health indicators in infants and toddlers. The reported prevalence of FC in infants was less than 5%.

Production algorithm of modified nutrition for paulownia with an increased sequestration of carbon in a carbon poligon environment using a multistage plug flow reactor

The aim of the paper was to introduce an algorithm by which a production method of any complex liquid solution can be done using a multistage plug flow reactor from “Innovative Engineering”. The example given in the paper is a modified nutrition for Paulownia with an increased sequestration potential of carbon in carbon polygon environment. The multistage plug flow reactor is designed to continuously mix liquids in order to create a complex solution consistent of up to 7 components if only one reactor is used. If multiple reactors are used in connection, then it is possible to create a solution that is even more complex. The modified nutrition solution for paulownia that increases sequestration of carbon is then created using the reactor. In this work the step-by-step algorithm is given to create the nutrition solution and the efficiency comparison of the methods of using multistage plug flow reactor and traditional methods is given based upon the optimal criteria.

Growth Rate of Young African Mahogany Plants under Saline Stress Conducted with Nutritive Solution

Growth Rate of Young African Mahogany Plants under Saline Stress Conducted with Nutritive Solution