Nutritive Research Articles

Past decade on hip-preserving surgery for osteonecrosis of femoral head treatment in China

As a common disease in orthopedics, osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) frequently occurs among young and middle-aged people. Hip joint preserving surgery has attracted more and more attention due to the fact that artificial joint prosthesis has a certain useful life and the rate of hip joint revision is high and the higher risk of many complications. There are a large number of operative methods for preserving hip joint in clinical practice without definitive curative effects. Core decompression and impaction bone grafting with simple operative methods can relieve internal pressure of femoral head and pain symptoms, but they cannot remove necrotic bone completely. Hence, they are only used for ONFH in the early stage. Vascularized bone transplantation can fill defects of the former, as it can not only completely remove necrotic bone, but also provide bone graft with nourishing vessels for femoral head, being beneficial to reconstruct the bone structure of femoral head. Subsequently, the application of tantalum rod can provide mechanical support for femoral head to prevent the collapse of femoral head. The emergence of stem cell transplantation has created a new approach to preserve hip joint for ONFH, which promotes the regeneration of bone cells and assists femoral head in repair, often combined with other operative methods and using characteristics of superior proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Hip joint preserving surgery, in recent years, has been performed increasingly, and has obtained improvement in clinical effects. The multiple combination of a variety of its operative methods provides more effective treatments for ONFH. It is an essential notion that hip joint preserving surgery, however with any operative method, should as far as possible select a surgical plan with little trauma, simple methods and little injury to bone structure of hip joint based on ensuring the efficacy.

Calcium and bone metabolism across women's life stages. Nutritive therapy for improvement of bone and calcium metabolism according to life stage in women.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly caused by decreased estrogen levels, and progression of disease is associated with irreversible changes. It is therefore extremely important to maintain or improve healthy bone and calcium metabolism during and before the climacteric from a preventive medicine viewpoint. The specific preventive measures are appropriate calcium intake and regular physical exercise. In recent years, women in their twenties are considerably thinner and have a lower calcium intake than women in other age groups, which may lead to a further increase in the number of women with osteoporosis in the future. From the aspect of female hormone secretion, women are at higher risk for osteoporosis than men at any given age. Aggressive intervention should therefore be undertaken to prevent osteoporosis according to life stage in women.

Baobab seeds as an alternative protein source in poultry feed

Alternative cheap sources of protein in poultry diets are desired hinged on feed safety, production cost and nutritional quality. The preceding review looks at how baobab seeds have featured as an alternative protein source in poultry diets. This is on the backdrop that the cost of compound feeds continue to be on the rise due to the high expense of conventional protein sources used in manufacturing animal feed. Soya bean has been the predominantly used and most expensive conventional protein source used in the manufacturing of compound feeds. It is suffice to suggest that there is an urgent need to accord adequate consideration to alternative cheap protein sources, and baobab seeds are one such alternatives. Previous studies have shown that baobab seeds have excellent nutritive value, despite containing inconsiderable levels of anti-nutritional factors. Baobab seeds contain some anti-nutritional factors, such as phytate (2%), oxalate (10%), tannins and saponins (3-7%) which reduces digestive efficiency and utilization of dietary nutrients in poultry. However, these anti-nutritional factor levels are generally assumed to be low enough not to cause any adverse effects in avian species. The seeds have a protein value that ranges from 20-36 % CP and an energy level of 4.19-16.75 kJ/kg, which is comparable to sunflower meal (24.4-36.7 CP and 19.1-20.2 kJ/kg) and soybean hulls (10.5-19.2 CP and 17.5-18.7 kJ/kg). It is apparent from previous studies that inclusion of baobab seeds at 5-10% level in poultry diets improves performance of broilers in terms of growth rate. Inclusion of the baobab seeds as partial replacers of soybean meal can be cost effective by inevitability reducing the escalating costs of poultry feed.

Reuse of substrate and nutritive solution concentration on the cultivation of salad tomato

Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP-FCAV Department of Crop Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane - s/n

Effects of Cooking Methods on Proximate and Metal Contents of Some Common Fish Species

Cooking methods influence nutritive values of food. Proximate and metal contents of roasted and deep-fried Scomber scombrus (Titus), Clarias gariepinus (Cat fish) and Sardinops pilchardus (Sardine) were determined using standard methods. Protein contents of the fried fish were lower compared to the roasted fish. Scomber scombrus had the highest fat content (22.51%) and the least level (17.75%) in Clarias gariepinus, irrespective of the type of cooking method used. The highest (740.65 mg/Kg) and the lowest (6.11 mg/Kg) levels of calcium were both recorded in roasted Clarias gariepinus. Mineral elements varied in the order of Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn for the processed fish. The impacts of the different cooking methods on proximate and mineral contents of the fish were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05), except for carbohydrate, copper and manganese. Roasting method provided the best results when both nutrients and preservation are the priorities.

Effect of Incorporating Different Amounts of Chia to Develop a Nutritious Kulfi

Effect of Incorporating Different Amounts of Chia to Develop a Nutritious Kulfi

Effects of nutritive solution electrical conductivity and plant density on growth, yield and quality of sweet basil grown in gullies by subirrigation

The increasing demand for basil in the last decade has arisen from consumer tendency towards high nourishing produce. Soilless growing of this crop is a current farm strategy and the quality targets are affected by nutritive solution as well as by plants density per pot. Research was carried out with the aim of assessing plant growth, yield and leaves quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L., cv. Gecom FT) grown in pots (peat-lapil) and fed by subirrigation inside plastic gullies, under a heated greenhouse. Comparisons were made of four electrical conductivities (EC: 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.1 mS·cm-1) in factorial combination with four plant densities (9, 12, 15, 18 plants per pot) and a split plot design was arranged with three replicates. The 2.8 mS.cm-1 EC resulted in the best yield, growth indexes and biometrical parameters values. Water absorption was highest under the 2.8 mS.cm-1 EC, whereas the highest nutrient consumptions as well as the best quality indicators and chemical composition corresponded to the 2.8 to 3.1 mS.cm-1 EC range. The 12 plants per pot density gave the best results, in terms of yield, growth indexes and biometrical parameters, also showing the highest plant water and nutrient uptakes. The leaves quality attributes and chemical composition always displayed decreasing trends as a function of the plant density increase, the highest values corresponding to 9 and 12 plants per pot; only the nitrates concentration showed an opposite trend compared to the other nutrients. In conclusion, the 2.8 mS.cm-1 nutritive solution and the 12 plants per pot density resulted in the best yield and leaves quality. Further enhancement of both experimental factors level even caused the reduction of water and nutrient efficiency use.

Orange juice nutritional profile

The article continues a series of publications on juices nutrient profiles. Based on the literature data, scientific articles on the content of nutritive and biologically active substances in orange juice and the results of studies of various samples of orange juice of domestic industrial production conducted by the Russian Union of Juice Producers (RSPS), the article presents the nutrient profile of orange juice which contains more than 30 nutritive and biologically active substances. Potassium, copper, folate, vitamin C, as well as flavonoids (mostly hesperidin) are the most significant for industrial orange juice from the point of view of providing human body with micronutrients and minor biologically active substances. A glass of orange juice (200-250 ml) contains, on average, about 14% of the daily requirement in potassium, 7% - in copper, 25% - in folates and about 100% - in vitamin C. The content of flavonoids in a glass of orange juice is about 60% of daily recommended intake of these substances. Orange juices contain dietary fibers - both soluble (pectins) and insoluble. The total content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber in a glass of orange juice with pulp on averages is 5% of the daily requirement in dietary fiber.

Evaluation of some nutritional and physicochemical properties of camel meat originating from Chad

Camel meat presents high protein content. It is rich in vitamins and low levels of fat, globally comparable and similar to bovine meat. World production of camel meat has been regularly increasing, mainly in the Central African sub-region doubling during the past two decades. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate some physicochemical and nutritional properties of camel meat by gender and age groups. Fifteen samples of meat were collected from N'Djamena and analyzed in the laboratories of the Centre for Research in Food and Nutrition of Yaounde. The mean pH values were 5.70 and 5.86 for male and female, respectively and there was no significant difference between them. The mean crude proteins and water contents were 15.14, 16.60 and 76.55, 77.53% for male and female, respectively. However, the mean intramuscular total lipids values differed significantly (5.02% and 3.13%) for males and females, respectively. Total ash and dry matter contents were 0.97, 1.03 and 23.45, 22.47% for males and females, respectively. There was no difference in crude proteins, total ash, total lipids and water contents when comparing by age groups. Camel meat from Chad is rich in crude proteins and total minerals. This meat has a high nutritive value and the community should be encouraged to consume it especially as a source of protein. Camel meat has the potential to provide animal proteins and a reliable source of meat which is healthy for human consumption. Key words: Nutritional properties, physicochemical properties, camel meat.

The progress of post-stroke depression treated by TCM treating principle of activating blood and removing stasis

To review and summazie the literatures of clinical studies using promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis for the patients with PSD in the past five years. The TCM treating principles of promoting blood and Qi circulation, promoting blood and nourishing blood flow, promoting blood and benefiting Qi, promoting blood and eliminating phlegm have showed their beneficial clinical effect and few adverse reactions. It provided good ideas for the treatment of PSD. Key words: Activating blood and removing stasis; Post stroke depression; Rerview

Enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn′s disease

Crohn′s disease(CD) is a major involvement terminal ileum and proximal colonic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), by now it still cannot be cured.The main symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever.With the progress of the disease, it can exhibit rectal bleeding, intestinal fistula intestinal obstruction, etc.Children with CD can display growth retardation and delayed puberty.The treatment of CD has been a hot spot that is being discussed by clinicians.The drug treatment has many side effects.The surgery has high recurrence rates and some complications.Enteral nutrition(EN) is a nutritional way that we can transport nutriment into stomach or small intestine through oral or tube with few side effects.It can improve the poor nutrition of the patients, induction and maintenance conditions.EN has been widely used in clinical treatment of CD, especially in paediatric CD.This paper summarizes the importance of EN in treatment of CD, the main function, mechanisms, therapy and the factors of curative effect. Key words: Crohn′s disease; Enteral Nutrition; Treatment

Grafted Papayas:A Boon for Dioecious Papaya Industry

Papaya ( Carica papaya L.), regarded as the 'Wonder fruit of tropics and sub tropics', belongs to the family Caricaceae. The importance of papaya to agriculture and the world's economy is demonstrated by its wide distribution, substantial production in the tropical countries, besides its high nutritive value.

Optimization of Gluten Free Cookies from Red and White Sorghum Flours

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of red/white sorghum flours in the development of gluten free cookies. A Box Behnken design involving guar gum (GG), baking powder (BP) and water added to a given formulation and red/white sorghum flours as categorical variable, was used to obtain the optimal gluten free cookie formulation. Resulting cookies were subjected to sensory evaluation being flavour, fragility and crispiness evaluated responses. After that, the optimal formulation was obtained being GG and BP significant variables whereas sorghum flour did not showed statistical significance. Also proximal composition, total phenols and antioxidant activity as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) sequestering activity were evaluated in optimized red (RSC) and white (WSC) sorghum cookies. In spite of being total polyphenols contents of RSC (280±1.83 mg tannic acid equivalents./100 g) higher than that from WSC (73±1.91 mg tannic acid equivalents /100 g), evaluated DPPH scavenging activity was important in both cookies. Consuming a portion (30g) of them would provide a DPPH scavenging capacity of 572 mg and 544 mg ascorbic acid equivalent from RSC and WSC, respectively, which could be compared to the one provide from a 100 g portion of strawberries. Resulting sorghum cookies would contribute to a more diverse and nutritious diet for celiac people.

Effect of different spacing of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) intercropped with or without Lablab (Lablab purpureus) on biomass yield and nutritional value of Napier grass

This study was conducted with an objective of determining effect of three spacing of Napier grass intercropped with or without Lablab (Lablab purpureus) on the biomass yield and nutritive value of Napier grass forage in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in RCBD with 4 blocks. Spacing was 1m x 0.5m, 0.75m x 0.5m, and 0.5m x 0.5m. Intercropping decreased the electro conductivity but increased the available phosphorous content of the soil and did not affect the pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen of the soil. Spacing, intercropping and their interaction had no significant effect (P>0.05) on dry matter (DM) yield (DMY) and crude protein (CP) yield (CPY) of the Napier grass. Intercropping and interaction of intercropping with spacing resulted to higher total DMY and CPY (P<0.05). The chemical composition of Napier grass was unaffected by spacing and interaction of intercropping with spacing. Intercropping of Napier grass with lablab however, increased the DM contents (P<0.05) of the Napier grass and decreased the ash contents. In conclusion, intercropping with lablab had a positive influence on the TDMY, TCPY, DM, hence increase the total forage yield and nutritive value of Napier grass. Conversely, spacing failed to have significant impact on these parameters. As such 1 m x 0.5m spacing and intercropping with lablab can be of a better choice based on the results of this study.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUIT OF THE OXYCOCCUS MACROCARPUS (AIT.) PERS. CULTIVARS INTRODUCED IN BELARUS

The article describes the findings of a comparative study of the sugar-acid index, content of free organic, ascorbic, and hydroxycinnamic acids, dry, tanning, and pectic substances, soluble sugars, and the main groups of bioflavonoids in fruit of six newly introduced Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Аit.) Рers. cultivars in Belarus — Stevens (st), Bain Favorite, Holliston, Hollister Red, Stankovich, and WSU 108. It is established that the Hollister Red cultivar has the highest integrated level of nutritive and vitamin value of fruit based upon the combination of properties analyzed, from 1.8 to 11 times the level observed in the other cultivars, whereas the WSU 108 and especially the Bain Favorite cultivars have the lowest levels.

Disinfection, germination and micropropagation in vitro of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) Macbride

The present study aimed to establish the protocols for disinfestations, germination and in vitro micropropagation of grapia ( Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) Macbride). To disinfestations and break seed dormancy, were tested three treatments, and inoculated into test tubes containing growing medium. As for variable germination were tested four medium of nutritious, MS, MS½, WPM, WPM ½. And, to introduce organogenesis, the growing medium used was WPM, supplemented with BAP, at concentrations of 0,0; 0,4; 0,8 ml/L, combined with ANA in the concentration of 0,05 ml/L. The explants used in this study were hypocotyls and cotyledons obtained from grapia seedling germinated in vitro, 30 days after inoculation in growing medium. The organogenesis induction was performed in WPM growing culture. The evaluated parameters in this study were the disinfestation and break dormancy, germination and organogenesis induction. The data were subjected to variance analysis and the by Tukey test, at 95% of probability. Treatment III showed to be more efficient for both aseptic and to break seed dormancy, providing 92% of germination and 2% of contamination. As for the in vitro germination, the WPM and WPM½ growing cultures were the most effective, favoring 100% of germination. For various formations of calluses and sprouts on hypocotyls explants, there was no significant difference between the tested BAP concentrations. However, it was observed in cotyledon explants that the best results occurred at concentrations of 0,8 ml and 0,4 ml of BAP and 0,05 ml of ANA.

Tina Modotti e Kati Horna, fotógrafas produtoras de duas imagens situadas entre a fotografia obrera e o humanismo

Este artigo coloca lado a lado a trajetoria de duas fotografas envolvidas, de modos diferentes, com o movimento da fotografia obrera entre os anos de 1920 e 1930. Tina Modotti e Kati Horna nasceram na Europa, mas viveram vidas marcadas pela imigracao, forcada ou nao. Em momentos distintos, escolheram viver e trabalhar com fotografia no Mexico. Ambas fotografaram maes amamentando seus filhos, Modotti no Mexico, em 1927, e Horna na Espanha, em 1937. Acompanha-se, entao, o caminho da representacao da mae nutriz, que sai do Mexico pos-revolucionario para a Europa, que se ve face a face com o fascismo, e que depois retorna como refugiada ao Mexico. Este e um caminho de intercâmbio de visualidades – de visualidades com caracteristicas especificas. A cultura visual das vanguardas artisticas do entreguerras as quais estas fotografas estavam ligadas foi permeada de uma acao politica, que pode ser representada, no trabalho delas, por estas maes. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e investigar de quais modos as viagens destas fotografas e de suas imagens marcaram os intercâmbios que ajudaram a formar a fotografia humanista de meados do seculo XX, por meio do cotejamento da producao fotografica delas com os movimentos da fotografia obrera e humanista. Palavras-chave: Kati Horna, Tina Modotti, fotografia obrera, fotografia humanista, cultura visual.

Antioxidant activity and polyphenols stability in ice cream enriched with cocoa bean shell during simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

Cocoa bean shells (CBS) is one of the main by-products of the cocoa roasting process, which represents 12% of total weight after the husking and grinding1. CBS is a potential source of dietary fibre and polyphenols recognized as dietary factors responsible for potential beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and the changes on the antioxidant activity of enriched ice cream during gastrointestinal digestion. CBS flour was added to ice cream at different concentration (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids, tannins and radical scavenging activity (DPPH) were evaluated during in vitro digestion at different steps of digestion (oral, gastric and duodenal). After in vitro digestion total flavonoids and tannins increase slightly and TPC increase up to 50% compared to control before digestion. The radical scavenging activity of ice cream containing cocoa bean shell increases up to 25% compared to ice cream before digestion. The results suggested that CBS may be a promising functional ingredient to producing highly nutritive value ice cream minimizing the volume of agro-industrial wastes.

Nutritive Value, Digestibility and Gas Production of Fermented Sugar Palm Peel with Pineapple Peel

An experiment was conducted to examine the nutritive value, digestibility and gas production of fermented sugar palm peel with pineapple peel. The treatment was conducted as a 3×2 factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment consisted of six treatment combinations; sugar palm peel to pineapple peel ratios (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 by weight) and fermentation times (day-14 and day-21). All treatment combinations were fermented under anaerobic condition in airtight plastic pouches. The result showed that ether extract content of fermented sugar palm peel with pineapple peel in 2:1 ratio at day-14 was significantly higher than other treatment combinations (P 0.05) thereafter (24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr). Fermented sugar palm peel with pineapple peel in 2:1 ratio at day-21 recorded the highest gas volume (45.16 ml). Results of this study suggested that the fermented sugar palm peel with pineapple peel in 1:2 ratio at day-14 produced a lower fiber content and higher digestibility silage, making it a suitable silage for ruminant animal since high fiber content had adverse effect on the nutrients digestibility.

Factors associated with anastomotic leak following anterior resection for rectal cancer

To explore the related factors of anastomotic leakfollowing anterior resection for the rectal cancer and the association of the preoperative nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS2002) score. Clinical data of 396 rectal cancer patients who underwent elective anterior resection from January 2010 to July 2015 at Affiliated Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University were collected. Patient's nutritional risk score on admission was calculated by NRS2002 scoring system according to original medical records. NRS2002 score less than 3 was defined as nutritious risk. Chi-squared test, or Fisher exact test and multivariate logistic regression wereused to analyze the association of the clinical pathological factors and NRS2002 risk factor with anastomotic leak. Of the 396 patients, NRS2002 score≥3, and anastomotic leak occurred in 157(39.6%) and 13(3.3%), respectively. In univariate analysis, different ages, NRS2002 score, preoperative intestinal obstruction, distance from anastomosis to anal vergeand tumor TNM stage were significantly associated with postoperative anastomotic leak(all P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak among patients with NRS2002 score≥3 was significantly higher than those with NRS2002 score<3[6.4%(10/157) vs. 1.3%(3/239), χ(2)=7.806, P=0.005]. Multivariate analysis showed that NRS2002 score≥3(OR=3.988, 95% CI:1.004-15.837, P=0.049), existence of preoperative intestinal obstruction(OR=5.780, 95% CI:1.320 ~ 25.311, P=0.020),distance from anastomosis to anal verge≤5 cm(OR=0.236, 95% CI: 0.071 ~ 0.785, P=0.019) were the independent risk factors of anastomotic leak following anterior resection for the rectal cancer. Rectal cancer patients undergoing anterior resection with preoperative NRS2002 score≥3 should receive reasonable perioperative nutritional support to prevent anastomotic leak.