Nutritional Variables Research Articles

Quality of complete feed wafer supplemented with different plant protein sources for small ruminants

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="IN">Objective:</span></strong><span lang="IN"> This study aimed to assess the quality of complete feed wafers with different plant protein sources for a feed of small ruminants.</span></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="IN">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN">The research was conducted in May-September 2022. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. </span><span lang="IN">The method used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments, namely R0 = Wafer with an animal protein source (Fish meal) (Control), R1 = Wafers with protein source <em>Sesbania grandiflora</em>, R2 = Wafers with protein source <em>Gliricidia sepium</em>. R3=Wafer with protein source <em>Leucaena leucocephala</em>.</span><span lang="EN">The research variables consisted of physical quality (moisture content, wafer density, specific gravity, water absorption) and nutritional quality (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and nitrogen free extracts). Data analysis according to the Analysis of Variance procedure using SPSS version 21.</span></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="IN">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN">The results showed that the use of plant protein sources had no significant effect (P>0.05) on water content and wafer density but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on specific gravity and water absorption capacity. The use of plant protein sources can increase the value of water content, wafer density, and specific gravity and reduce water absorption capacity. Meanwhile, the crude protein (CP) content of the wafer had no significant effect (P>0.05) and produced the same value as using fish meal. Other nutritional variables had a significant effect (P<0.05) such as DM, OM, EE and NFE which increased and CF decreased on the use of plant protein sources in making feed wafers compared to the use of fish meal.</span></p><p><strong><span lang="IN">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="IN"> It was concluded that the use of legumes <em>Sesbania grandiflora</em>, <em>Gliricidia sepium</em></span><em><span lang="EN-US">,</span></em><span lang="IN"> and <em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> as a source of vegetable protein in wafers could replace fish meal. The three types of legumes </span><span lang="EN-US">had</span><span lang="IN"> the same effect on the physical and nutritional quality of the resulting product</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p>

Prevalence of the use of oral nutritional supplements among acute inpatients at risk of malnutrition and associated patient characteristics.

To provide a snapshot of the current use of oral nutritional supplements, its association with inpatient characteristics, and with a focus on the role of nursing monitoring of food intake and implementing nutritional interventions for patients with low intake. Retrospective cohort study. The study collected data from a hospital database regarding oral nutritional supplement initiation and variables of patients hospitalised in internal medicine departments, who did not receive enteral or parenteral nutrition. Of the 5155 admissions, 1087 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (47% female; mean age, 72.4 ± 14.6 years; mean length of stay, 14.6 ± 11.4 days). Sufficient food intake reporting was noted in 74.6% of the patients; of these 17% had decreased intake. Oral nutritional supplements and non-oral nutritional supplements groups did not differ in terms of sex, age, length of stay, Charlson Comorbidity Index, proportion of nursing reports, and absence of intake monitoring. Oral nutritional supplements were initiated in 31.9% of patients with a Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥2 and in 34.6% with decreased food intake. On multivariable analysis, hypoalbuminemia (adjusted odds ratio, 3.70), decreased food intake (adjusted odds ratio, 3.38), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥2 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.10), and age <70 years (adjusted odds ratio, 1.56) were significantly associated with oral nutritional supplements use. The prevalence of oral nutritional intervention was suboptimal in patients at risk of malnutrition during acute hospitalisation, although decreased food intake and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥2 independently increased the probability of oral nutritional supplements initiation. Understanding the clinical practice and nursing impact of care management in relation to nutritional intervention can assist in reviewing and improving patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE IMPACT (ADDRESSING): This study informs clinical management and influences nursing practice standards related to assessing, monitoring, and managing malnutrition risk. The study impacts the quality of care for patients at risk of malnutrition. We adhered to the STROBE Checklist for cohort studies. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Nutritional status and changes in muscle and adipose tissue determined by computed tomography as predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nutritional status and changes in muscle and adipose tissue determined by computed tomography are predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients. This was a prospective cohort study involving patients ≥ 20 years of age hospitalized in a public hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected from electronic medical records. Nutritional variables were determined. All patients were followed prospectively until the hospital outcome, which could be discharge or death. Body composition was defined from computed tomography images, with the identification of myopenia, myosteatosis, and myopenic obesity. The sample comprised 542 patients. The mortality rate was 10.7% (95% CI: 6.4-15.0%). The independent predictors of mortality were malnutrition, assessed with the subjective global assessment (hazard ratio: 4.18; 95% CI: 1.01-17.22; p = 0.047), and myopenic obesity (hazard ratio: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.11-7.20; p = 0.029). The findings of the present study add to the limited evidence in the literature that body composition is associated with outcomes in hospitalized patients.

Dampak Status Gizi, Pola Hidup Sehat dan Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Pasar Ikan Sidoarjo

Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) includes general education which aims to improve the quality of life, both physical and spiritual, by carrying out physical activities and sports. In general, nutritional status, healthy lifestyle and physical activity have important goals for health and physical fitness. This research aims to determine the impact of nutritional status, healthy lifestyle and physical activity which have a significant influence on physical fitness in elementary school students in grades IV, V and VI. This research uses a Quantitative Approach with a Chi-Square Descriptive Research Design, Data Requirements Test, Multicollinearity Test, Heteroscedasticity Test and Multiple Linear Regression as well as Hypothesis Testing. Data collection was obtained through measuring nutritional status using BMI/U calculations, filling out questionnaires in healthy lifestyle research using PHBS (Clean and Healthy Lifestyle), filling out physical activity questionnaires, and physical tests using the Pacer test. The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant relationship between the three independent variables and the dependent variable with a simultaneous F test value of Sig. 0.002 &lt; 0.05, then there is a significant relationship with the physical fitness endurance variable. Meanwhile, the partial T test results of the three independent variables are the physical activity variable which significantly influences physical fitness with the Sig value. 0.001 &lt; 0.05, and the nutritional status variable, the healthy lifestyle variable obtained results that did not significantly influence physical fitness with a result value of Sig. 0.916 and Sig.0.188 &gt; 0.05.

Corticosterone Contributes to Diet-Induced Reprogramming of Post-Metamorphic Behavior in Spadefoot Toads.

Stressful experiences in early life can have phenotypic effects that persist into, or manifest during, adulthood. In vertebrates, such carryover effects can be driven by stress-induced secretion of glucocorticoid hormones, such as corticosterone, which can lead to developmental reprogramming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis activity and behavior. Nutritional stress in the form of early life nutrient restriction is well known to modify later life behaviors and stress activity through corticosterone-related mechanisms. However, it is not known whether corticosterone is also mechanistically involved in carryover effects induced by a different form of nutritional variation: the use of alternate or entirely novel types of dietary resources. The plains spadefoot (Spea bombifrons) presents an excellent system for testing this question, since larvae of this species have evolved to use 2 alternate diet types: an ancestral detritus-based diet and a more novel diet of live shrimp. While previous work has shown that feeding on the novel shrimp diet influences juvenile (i.e., post-metamorphic) behavior and corticosterone levels, it is unclear whether these diet-induced carryover effects are mediated by diet-induced corticosterone itself. To test for the mechanistic role of corticosterone in diet-induced carryover effects, we experimentally treated S. bombifrons larvae with exogenous corticosterone and measured subsequent effects on juvenile behavior and corticosterone levels. We found that while shrimp-fed larvae had elevated corticosterone levels, treatment of larvae with corticosterone itself had effects on juvenile behavior that partially resembled those carryover effects induced by the shrimp diet, such as altered food seeking and higher locomotor activity. However, unlike carryover effects caused by the shrimp diet, larval corticosterone exposure did not affect juvenile corticosterone levels. Overall, our study shows that corticosterone-related mechanisms are likely involved in carryover effects induced by a novel diet, yet such diet-induced carryover effects are not driven by corticosterone alone.

Pollen nutrition structures bee and plant community interactions.

As bees' main source of protein and lipids, pollen is critical for their development, reproduction, and health. Plant species vary considerably in the macronutrient content of their pollen, and research in bee model systems has established that this variation both modulates performance and guides floral choice. Yet, how variation in pollen chemistry shapes interactions between plants and bees in natural communities is an open question, essential for both understanding the nutritional dynamics of plant-pollinator mutualisms and informing their conservation. To fill this gap, we asked how pollen nutrition (relative protein and lipid content) sampled from 109 co-flowering plant species structured visitation patterns observed among 75 subgenera of pollen-collecting bees in the Great Basin/Eastern Sierra region (USA). We found that the degree of similarity in co-flowering plant species' pollen nutrition predicted similarity among their visitor communities, even after accounting for floral morphology and phylogeny. Consideration of pollen nutrition also shed light on the structure of this interaction network: Bee subgenera and plant genera were arranged into distinct, interconnected groups, delineated by differences in pollen macronutrient values, revealing potential nutritional niches. Importantly, variation in pollen nutrition alone (high in protein, high in lipid, or balanced) did not predict the diversity of bee visitors, indicating that plant species offering complementary pollen nutrition may be equally valuable in supporting bee diversity. Nutritional diversity should thus be a key consideration when selecting plants for habitat restoration, and a nutritionally explicit perspective is needed when considering reward systems involved in the community ecology of pollination.

Does Insulin Delivery Technology Change Our Relationship with Foods? A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems reduce burden and improve glycemic management for people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) by automatically adjusting insulin as a response to measured glucose levels. There is a lack of evidence on AID and nutrition variables such as dietary intake, eating behaviors, and disordered eating. Objectives: This scoping review aims to provide a summary of the literature regarding AID and nutrition variables and to identify gaps that require further investigation. Methods: Two researchers conducted a blinded search of Medline (OVID) and PubMed for studies, including AID use (compared to non-AID use) and nutrition variables. Studies from January 2000 to July 2023 were included, as were PwT1D of all ages. Results: A total of 3132 articles were screened for appropriateness. After exclusions, 7 studies were included (2017-2023): 4 qualitative, 1 crossover, 1 randomized controlled, and 1 observational. Studies included adolescents (n = 1), adults (n = 3) or both (n = 2), and all ages (n = 1). In quantitative studies, AID was associated with lower eating distress (-0.43 ± 0.12, P = 0.004) and higher quality of life (3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8-5.4, P = 0.01), but not grams of carbohydrates at meals (1.0; 95% CI: -0.7 to 3.0; P = 0.24) and snacks (0.004; 95% CI: -0.8 to 0.8; P = 0.99) compared to non-AID use. In qualitative studies, AID increased the frequency and portions of food intake and led to less dietary control from parents. AID users reported eating foods higher in energy density. PwT1D were less worried about achieving accurate carbohydrate counting (CC) when using AID. Conclusions: AID use appears to influence eating behaviors, dietary patterns, and CC, although evidence was limited. AID may reduce food management burden due to the perception that AID can correct for CC inaccuracy. Significance: Further research needs to determine if AID allows for simplification of CC and improves eating behaviors while maintaining glycemic stability.

Psychosocial Factors Associated with dizziness and chronic dizziness: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Dizziness is a common symptom in adults, and chronic dizziness, such as persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, is also frequently reported and affects the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to identify psychosocial factors related to dizziness and chronic dizziness in a large-scale nationwide cohort. This population-based cross-sectional study used the database of the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2020. Data from 4,147 adults over 40 years old were analyzed, and 1,102 adults who experienced dizziness were included in the dizziness cohort. Demographic data, medical conditions, comorbidities, functional status variables, nutritional variables and psychological variables were collected. The pattern of depressive symptoms according to the severity of dizziness was analyzed by network analysis. The prevalence rate of dizziness was 24.6% in the general population, and chronic dizziness (≥ 3 months) developed in 210 of 1,102 (17.1%) individuals who experienced dizziness. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex, stress, and depression were associated with dizziness. Chronic dizziness was related to tympanic abnormalities, diabetes, short sleep duration, and higher levels of stress and depression. Psychomotor retardation/agitation was a central symptom of depression in patients with chronic dizziness. This study found sex differences in factors associated with dizziness and identified psychosocial factors linked to chronic dizziness. Focusing on somatic factors rather than depressive symptoms may benefit patients with chronic dizziness.

The association of appendicular skeletal muscle mass with anthropometric, body composition, nutritional, inflammatory, and metabolic variables in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease men.

Muscle atrophy affects more than 50% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved in the muscle atrophy in CKD and search for specific determinants of skeletal muscle mass loss, especially those which are available in everyday medical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and anthropometric, body composition, nutritional, inflammatory, metabolic, and kidney function variables in non-dialysis-dependent CKD men. A total of 85 men with CKD and eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included in the cross-sectional study: 24 participants with eGFR 59-45 mL/min/1.73 m2, 32 individuals with eGFR 44-30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 29 men with eGFR ≤29 mL/min/1.73 m2. ASM was estimated by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) with the use of a Body Composition Monitor (BCM). To evaluate ASM from BCM, Lin's algorithm was used. Among anthropometric parameters, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Serum laboratory measurements were grouped into kidney function, nutritional, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters. ASM was significantly associated with anthropometric and body composition variables. According to the anthropometric parameters, ASM correlated positively with weight, height, and BMI (p < 0.001 and r = 0.913, p < 0.001 and r = 0.560, and p < 0.001 and r = 0.737, respectively). Among body composition variables, ASM correlated significantly and positively with lean tissue mass (LTM) (p < 0.001, r = 0.746), lean tissue index (LTI) (p < 0.001, r = 0.609), fat mass (p < 0.001, r = 0.489), and fat tissue index (FTI) (p < 0.001, r = 0.358). No other statistically significant correlation was found between ASM and kidney, nutritional, metabolic, and inflammatory variables. In male patients with CKD stages G3-G5 not treated with dialysis, ASM correlates significantly and positively with anthropometric and body composition parameters such as weight, height, BMI, LTM, LTI, fat mass, and FTI. We did not observe such relationship between ASM and kidney function, nutritional, metabolic, and inflammatory variables.

Características nutricionais de grãos secos destilados com solúveis e seus efeitos no desempenho e viabilidade econômica para suínos

Abstract The chemical and nutritional characteristics of the four distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were determined for dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and gross energy analyzed (GEa), from which the values of gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) were estimated. There were differences in the contents of EE, NDF, GEa, GE, DE, ME and NE between the lots. A total of 40 barrows with an initial weight of 72.69 ± 5.66 kg were assigned to a randomized block design, fed diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg−1 DDGS for 28 days and were subjected to performance assessment. The inclusion of DDGS in the diets did not affect daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) or feed conversion (FC) but linearly reduced the final weight. Based on the results of the performance and prices of ingredients in the local market, we calculated the costs of feed, revenue and gross operating profit (GOP). Inclusions of DDGS in pig diets reduced costs and revenues but did not affect GOP. DDGS presented chemical and nutritional variation between the lots. Levels of inclusion up to 300 g kg−1 DDGS do not affect finishing pig performance and profitability.

Parâmetros fitotécnicos e nutricionais de mudas de figueira sobre diferentes proporções de caule decomposto de buriti

Abstract: Plant and fruit quality is a reflection of several factors, one of which is the way the seedlings were produced. The aim of this study was to analyse the phytotechnical and nutritional characteristics of fig tree seedlings (Ficus carica L.) produced in a substrate comprising decomposed stems of the buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa L.). A randomised block design was used, with treatments distributed in a 5x6 factorial scheme with one additional treatment, arranged in five blocks. The substrates included the following levels of decomposed buriti stems: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, with a different decomposition time (0; 15; 30; 45; 60 and 75 days) for each treatment. There was one additional treatment comprising 100% soil. The following variables were evaluated to determine the effects of the treatments: number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB), leaf chlorophyll index, diameter of the largest shoot (DLS), length of the largest shoot (LLS), leaf area (LA), root length (RL), root volume (RV), shoot fresh matter (SFM), root fresh matter (RFM), shoot dry matter (SDM) and root dry matter (RDM), with a chemical analysis of the shoots and soil before and after setting up the experiment. The proportion of decomposed buriti palm stem in the substrate yielded significant results for the morphological variables, including the number of leaves, shoot fresh matter, root fresh matter and root volume. For the nutritional variables relating to the aerial part of the seedlings, the proportion of substrate yielded significant results for the levels of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. There were no significant results from the decomposition time; however, multivariate analysis showed that by the end of the experiment the nutrient concentration in the soil was higher than before the experiment.

A Post Bellum Paradox: Net Nutrition Variation by Socioeconomic Status, Gender and Race in the Late 19th Century

A Post Bellum Paradox: Net Nutrition Variation by Socioeconomic Status, Gender and Race in the Late 19th Century

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok untuk Produksi Bioetanol dengan Proses Hidrolisis Asam Klorida

To reduce the environmental impact of petroleum-based materials, alternative materials such as bioethanol are used, although in small quantities. The second generation bioethanol is produced from biomass originating from hemicellulose-producing bacteria and bound by lignin, namely Kepok banana peel waste. The aim of this research is to find out whether Kepok banana peel waste can be an alternative raw material for making bioethanol using the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method, which is a good method for the process of making bioethanol from banana peel waste. The process in this research uses two stages, namely the pretreatment stage and the hydrolysis process stage. Lignin is dried through a chemical delignification process, namely by soaking banana peel shells in 10% NaOH solution with a mass ratio of 1:6 (w/v) for 12 hours. After the raw materials are delignified, their contents are tested using the Chesson Datta method. The 10% NaOH delignification method was able to reduce lignin levels in Kepok bananas (36.6%), hemicellulose (11.1%), and cellulose levels (62.8%). The fermentation process uses a starter made from bread yeast with a concentration of 1.4%, urea nutrition with a concentration of 1%, and NPK nutritional variations of 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% for three days. The substrate has a volume of 150 ml and is then allowed to ferment until it is no longer thick. The best Kepok banana peel bioethanol (6.5%) in a volume of 17ml comes from NPK (0.8%), the final result is that Kepok banana peel waste can be an alternative to bioethanol.

ANTROPOMETRIC INDICATORS, NUTRITIONALSTATUS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK IN SCHOOLCHILDREN WHIT MAPUCHE AND NON. MAPUCHE ETHNIC GROUPS, CHILE

Objectives: To identify, through the association of anthropometric, status nutritional and physical variables, the cardiometabolic risk in Mapuche and non-Mapuche schoolchildren in the Araucanía Region.&#x0D; Material and methods: It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H statistical tests. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program, version 22.0 (p &lt; 0.05). The participants were 250 schoolchildren: 185 Mapuche and 65 non-Mapuche. Anthropometric tests of weight and height for age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WSR), and the Course Navette aerobic capacity test (VO2max), Ruffier index were evaluated and resting heart rate (RHR).&#x0D; Results: Mapuche and non-Mapuche schoolchildren presented similar sizes; Their weight and waist circumference differed according to their body mass index classifications, however there were no statistically significant differences between the ethnic groups.&#x0D; Conclusions: The size variable does not determine the presence or absence of cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren with Mapuche and non-Mapuche ethnic ancestry through the WSR indicator. However, the study demonstrated that the weight and WC variables directly influence the presence of cardiometabolic risk in the schoolchildren of the sample diagnosed with overweight and obesity.&#x0D; Keywords: Anthropometry, Schoolchildren, Ethnic group, Cardiometabolic risk.

Segmentation of toddler nutritional status using REBUS and FIMIX partial least square in Southeast Sulawesi

Nutrition is one of the important factors that play a major role in the growth and development of children so that they can develop optimally. Child malnutrition, such as stunting, underweight, and wasting, is a significant problem in Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) determined that the nutritional status of children under five in Indonesia is in the chronic category, one of which is in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study examines and analyzes the factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five in Southeast Sulawesi using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) method and then segments the nutritional status of children under five using Response Based Unit Segmentation Modeling in Partial Least Square (REBUS-PLS) and Finite Mixture Partial Least Square (FIMIX-PLS). The number of observations in this study was 216 sub-districts. From the results of the SEM-PLS analysis conducted, it was concluded that the 10 indicators used were valid and significant in describing the latent variables, and the practice factor variable had an effect on the food factor variable, the food factor variable had an effect on the service factor variable, and the service factor variable had an effect on the under-five nutritional status variable. The REBUS-PLS analysis results in two segments, with one segment of 75 observations and the other segment of 141 observations. The same conclusion is obtained as in the SEM-PLS analysis, but the results of the analysis with REBUS-PLS have a greater value than the results of the SEM-PLS analysis. Key points of the article:1.Comparing REBUS-PLS and FIMIX-PLS methods for overcoming the case of heterogeneity in dat.2.Combining the SEM-PLS method with the REBUS and FIMIX methods in discussing the factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five in Southeast Sulawesi.

Prediction Model with Validation for Polioseronegativity in Malnourished Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Malnutrition is identified as a risk factor for insufficient polio seroconversion in the context of a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) outbreak-prone region. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), underweight decreased from 31% (in 2001) to 26% (in 2018). Since 2004, VDPV serotype 2 outbreaks (cVDPV2) have been documented and were geographically limited around the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika Provinces. To develop and validate a predictive model for poliomyelitis vaccine response in malnourished infants, a cross-sectional household study was carried out in the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika provinces. Healthy children aged 6 to 59 months (n=968) were enrolled from eight health zones (HZ) out of 27, in March 2018. We performed a bivariate and multivariate logistics analysis. Final models were selected using a stepwise Wald method, and variables were selected based on the criterion p < 0.05. The association between nutritional variables, explaining polio seronegativity for the three serotypes, was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Factors significantly associated with seronegativity to the three polio serotypes were underweight, non-administration of vitamin A, and the age group of 12 to 59 months. The sensitivity was 10.5%, and its specificity was 96.4% while the positive predictive values (PPV) and negative (PNV) were 62.7% and 65.3%, respectively. We found a convergence of the curves of the initial sample and two split samples. Based on the comparison of the overlapping confidence intervals of the ROC curve, we concluded that our prediction model is valid. This study proposed the first tool which variables are easy to collect by any health worker in charge of vaccination or in charge of nutrition. It will bring on top, the collaboration between the Immunization and the Nutritional programs in DRC integration policy, and its replicability in other low- and middle-income countries with endemic poliovirus.

Diet during Pregnancy and Early Life and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a clinical, highly prevalent worldwide condition described in the early 2000s. Evidence about its aetiology is still missing, and preventive strategies can’t be established. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on possible correlations between maternal and infant nutrition during the first thousand days of life and the occurrence of MIH.&#x0D; Methods: Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed using MedLine (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar (from 2017 to February 1st, 2023).&#x0D; Results: The search strategy identified 1815 potential articles: 99 from PubMed, 6 from Scopus, and 1710 from Google Scholar. After removing duplicates, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria or being irrelevant, 6 papers were included. They were published between 2019-2022 and were clinical trials or longitudinal studies conducted in Egypt, New Zealand, Turkey, Denmark, Germany and Norway. The sample size was 2005 subjects (mean: 334). All reporting data on MIH was diagnosed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. The nutritional exposure variables were: i) malnutrition; ii) vitamin D serum levels in the mother and the child at different stages; iii) celiac disease; iv) the type of infant feeding, such as exclusive breastfeeding and/or type of weaning; v) supplementation with high-dose vitamin D during pregnancy.&#x0D; Conclusion: High-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may be protective against MIH in children. There is a need for structured epidemiological studies specifically designed to investigate the aetiology of MIH in mother-child cohorts.

Improved physical disability and nutritional status by bovine colostrum supplementation in adults with traumatic peri-trochanteric femoral fracture: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial

ObjectivesPatients with femur fracture after surgery are at risk of malnutrition, weight loss, disability, and mobility complications. In the present study the role of colostrum supplementation on physical disability, and some nutritional variables after surgery has been investigated. Research Methods & ProceduresPatients were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received 45 g colostrum and the control group received 15 g whey protein daily for 21 days (each containing 12 g of protein). The trend comparison during 30 days of variables including weight, appetite, serum albumin level, hemoglobin and lymphocytes between the two groups was modeled with the generalized estimation equation. Moreover, the trend comparison during 90 days of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) between the two groups was calculated. ResultsThe basic characteristics were the same between the two groups (colostrum, n = 46; control, n = 48). Protein intake was the same in both groups during the study period. There was a significant difference in weight gain (ß = 0.32, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.54; P = 0.005) within 30 days after operation between the colostrum and control groups in favor of the increase in the colostrum group. Compared to the control group, patients in the colostrum group had a 0.31 score more appetite (P < 0.001), 0.17 g/dL higher serum albumin level (P = 0.001), 0.5 mg/dL higher hemoglobin level and 440 more blood lymphocytes (P < 0.001) during the 30 days of intervention. Regarding physical function disability, patients in the colostrum group had about 4 ODI scores lower than the control group during the study period. ConclusionColostrum supplement can increase appetite, hemoglobin, serum albumin level and the number of blood lymphocytes more than the control group. It can also accelerate weight gain and physical performance after surgery.

Observation of Nutritional Status in Adolescents with HIV/AIDS

Adolescents with HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) continue to increase every year in line with the increase in sex behavior outside of marriage. One of the problems in adolescents with HIV / AIDS is malnutrition status. The purpose of the study was to observe nutritional status in adolescents with HIV / AIDS. The subjects were all adolescents with HIV/AIDS at the Kompeda Surabaya Foundation. The research design in this study is a time series, measuring nutritional status variables at some time using weight parameters according to age. Data collection was carried out on February-April 2022. The measurements were conducted using a bathroom scale. The number of subjects was 150 people with incidental sampling techniques. Inclusion criteria: adolescents diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, living in shelters, allowed by caregivers, ages 12-21, not being hospitalized during the study. Exclusion criteria: died, did not follow complete weight monitoring. During the study none of the subjects resigned nor were excluded from the study. The results of the study found that 90 had normal nutritional status and 60 were abnormal. There is a statistically significant difference in nutritional status between the first and second measurements. Foundation managers need to make efforts by paying more attention to adolescent nutritional intake so that nutritional status can improve.

Analysis of the Influence of Socio-Demographic Variables and Some Nutrition and Lifestyle Habits on Beverage Consumption in the Spanish Population.

Beverages and drinks play a significant role in maintaining the integral health of individuals. The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of beverage consumption in different groups of the Spanish population and to investigate its relationship with other nutritional variables and habits. To achieve the objectives, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed and validated that explored different beverage and food consumption variables as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The instrument was disseminated, among the Spanish young adult population, through snowball sampling using social networks, collecting a sample of 17,541 valid surveys. Bivariate comparative analyses and correlation analyses were performed, and finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used in order to study the relationships between variables related to drinking and health. The main results show significant differences in the pattern of beverage consumption between the socio-demographic variables of sex, age and educational level, as well as between different areas of Spain, while the PCA model shows the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with the Healthy Nutrition Index of the population and sport practice. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: the beverage consumption pattern of the Spanish population is affected by socio-demographic variables. Healthier drinking habits affect the nutrition and health of the population.