Nutritional Variables Research Articles

Blood Glucose Prediction from Nutrition Analytics in Type 1 Diabetes: A Review.

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects over 9 million worldwide and necessitates meticulous self-management for blood glucose (BG) control. Utilizing BG prediction technology allows for increased BG control and a reduction in the diabetes burden caused by self-management requirements. This paper reviews BG prediction models in T1D, which include nutritional components. A systematic search, utilizing the PRISMA guidelines, identified articles focusing on BG prediction algorithms for T1D that incorporate nutritional variables. Eligible studies were screened and analyzed for model type, inclusion of additional aspects in the model, prediction horizon, patient population, inputs, and accuracy. The study categorizes 138 blood glucose prediction models into data-driven (54%), physiological (14%), and hybrid (33%) types. Prediction horizons of ≤30 min are used in 36% of models, 31-60 min in 34%, 61-90 min in 11%, 91-120 min in 10%, and >120 min in 9%. Neural networks are the most used data-driven technique (47%), and simple carbohydrate intake is commonly included in models (data-driven: 72%, physiological: 52%, hybrid: 67%). Real or free-living data are predominantly used (83%). The primary goal of blood glucose prediction in T1D is to enable informed decisions and maintain safe BG levels, considering the impact of all nutrients for meal planning and clinical relevance.

Comparative analysis of nutrient composition and antioxidant activity in three dragon fruit cultivars.

Dragon fruit has significant economic value in many countries due to has excellent nutritional content, health advantages, and adaptability to different climates, making it an important crop in the global fruit industry. This study aimed to gather comprehensive nutritional data on three dragon fruit cultivars by analysing the levels of micronutrients, fibre, carbohydrates, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in their pulps. Uniform dragon fruit samples underwent thorough analysis for proximate composition, mineral content, pigments, antioxidants, and vitamin C, with statistical methods used to assess significant differences among the parameters studied. The proximate composition analysis revealed significant differences among the three dragon fruit cultivars. Among the proximate components, protein (0.40±0.02g/100 g), moisture (91.33±0.88%), crude fibre (0.32±0.07 g/100 g), and ash (1.27±0.09 g/100 g) were more abundant in Hylocereus costaricensis than in Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus megalanthus. On the other hand, Hylocereus undatus had higher carbohydrate (17.02±0.63 g/100 g) and energy (69.74±2.44 kcal/100 g) contents. K (7.23±0.35 mg/100 g), Ca (1.61±0.13 mg/100 g), Fe (1.84±0.05 mg/100 g), and Zn (0.37±0.034 mg/100 g) are highly abundant in H. costaricensis. Additionally, Hylocereus costaricensis had the highest anthocyanin content (120.15±3.29 mg/g FW) and total carotenoid content (72.51±1.62 mg/g FW), along with the highest vitamin C content (8.92±0.13 mg/g FW) and total soluble phenolic content (572.48±20.77 mg/100 g). Its remarkable antioxidant activity was further highlighted by the lowest SC50 value (13.50±0.4 mg/mL) for its DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The total soluble sugar content was highest in Hylocereus megalanthus (8.72±0.30 g/100 g FW). Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed distinct trait and genotype associations; among the studied cultivars, Hylocereus costaricensis demonstrated superior performance across multiple traits. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations among several traits, while principal component analysis highlighted the contribution of each trait to overall variance, with PC1 explaining 73.95% of the total variance. This study highlights the nutritional variations among dragon fruit cultivars, with Hylocereus costaricensis showing superior performance, guiding dietary planning and functional food development.

Age-specific composition of milk microbiota in Tibetan sheep and goats

This study investigates the dynamic changes in milk nutritional composition and microbial communities in Tibetan sheep and goats during the first 56 days of lactation. Milk samples were systematically collected at five time points (D0, D7, D14, D28, D56) post-delivery. In Tibetan sheep, milk fat, protein, and casein contents were highest on D0, gradually decreased, and stabilized after D14, while lactose and galactose levels showed the opposite trend. Goat milk exhibited similar initial peaks, with significant changes particularly between D0, D7, D14, and D56. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed increasing microbial diversity in both species over the lactation period. Principal coordinates analysis identified distinct microbial clusters corresponding to early (D0–D7), transitional (D14–D28), and mature (D56) stages. Core phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, dominated the milk microbiota, with significant temporal shifts. Core microbes like Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus were common in both species, with species-specific taxa observed (e.g., Pediococcus in sheep, Shewanella in goats). Furthermore, we observed a highly shared core microbiota in sheep and goat milk, including Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus. Spearman correlation analysis highlighted significant relationships between specific microbial genera and milk nutrients. For instance, Lactobacillus positively correlated with total solids, non-fat milk solids, protein, and casein, while Mannheimia negatively correlated with protein content. This study underscores the complex interplay between milk composition and microbial dynamics in Tibetan sheep and goats, informing strategies for livestock management and nutritional enhancement.Key points• The milk can be classified into three types based on the microbiota composition• The changes of milk microbiota are closely related to the variations in nutrition• Filter out microbiota with species specificity and age specificity in the milk

A Comparative Study of Dairy and Non-Dairy Milk Types: Development and Characterization of Customized Plant-Based Milk Options.

Plant-based milk has gained considerable attention; however, its high nutritional variation highlights the need for improved formulation designs to enhance its quality. This study aimed to nutritionally compare cow milk with plant-based milk produced from hazelnuts (H), Brazil nuts (BN), cashew nuts (CN), soybeans (S), and sunflower seeds (SS), and to perform physicochemical and technological characterization. The plant-based milk produced with isolated grains showed a nutritional composition inferior to that of cow milk in almost all evaluated parameters, protein content (up to 1.1 g 100 g-1), lipids (up to 2.7 g 100 g-1), color parameters, minerals, and especially calcium (up to 62.4 mg L-1), which were originally high in cow milk (up to 1030 mg L-1). However, the plant-based milk designed using a blend composition was able to promote nutritional enhancement in terms of minerals, especially iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg), high-quality lipids (up to 3.6 g 100 g-1), and carbohydrates (3.4 g 100 g-1 using CN, BN, and S). The protein content was 1.3% compared to 5.7 in cow milk, and the caloric value of plant-based milk remained 32.8 at 52.1 kcal, similar to cow milk. Satisfactory aspects were observed regarding the shelf life, especially related to microbiological stability during the 11 d of storage at 4 °C. For the designed plant-based milk to be equivalent to cow milk, further exploration for optimizing the blends used to achieve better combinations is required. Furthermore, analyzing possible fortification and preservation methods to increase shelf life and meet the nutritional and sensory needs of the public would be interesting.

Enteral Nutritional Therapy in Pediatric Autologous Transplantation: A Descriptive Cohort Study

Introduction: Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation requires individualized nutritional therapy, and the use of early enteral nutrition is beneficial. This study aims to analyze the use of enteral nutrition therapy in pediatric patients undergoing autologous transplantation. Methods: This is a descriptive cohort study conducted with data from electronic medical records of pediatric patients undergoing autologous transplantation from 2017 to 2022, using enteral nutrition. Nutritional and clinical variables and biochemical markers were assessed at four time points: day 0, day +5, day +10 and day +15. Results: The sample consisted of 50 patients. On average, the nasoenteral tube was inserted on D-4 and the enteral feeding started on D-3. On D0, most patients used a normocaloric polymeric enteral formula, but on D + 10, when diarrhea (p = 0.017) and mucositis (p < 0.001) worsened, the most commonly used enteral formula was a hypocaloric pediatric semi-elemental formula. On D + 15, 35% of patients were receiving parenteral nutrition. At discharge, the patient’s nutritional status had worsened compared to admission (p < 0.001). Discussion: Early use of enteral nutrition was observed, as adopted in other transplant centers and recommended in the literature. Protocols and guidelines are needed to support enteral nutritional therapy in pediatric transplantation.

Disparities in Obesogenic Environments by Income, Race/Ethnicity, and Rurality Across All US Counties.

Background: Research is needed to explore inequities in physical activity (PA) and access to healthy eating resources for children on a national scale. This study examined disparities in childhood obesogenic environments across all United States (US) counties by income and race/ethnicity and their interaction with county rurality. Methods: Data for four PA variables (exercise opportunities, school proximity, walkability, crime) and six nutrition variables (grocery stores, farmers markets, fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants, convenience stores, and births at baby-friendly hospitals) were collected for all US counties (n = 3142) to comprise the Childhood Obesogenic Environment Index (COEI). Variables were ranked and allocated a percentile for each county, and a total obesogenic environment score was created by averaging variable percentiles. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences by tertiles of county-level median household income (low/intermediate/high) and percentage of non-Hispanic (NH) White residents (low/intermediate/high). Interaction tests were used to assess effect modification by rurality, and stratified results were presented for all significant interactions. Results: There were significant differences in COEI values according to tertiles of median household income (F = 260.9, p < 0.0001). Low-income counties (M = 54.3, SD = 8.3) had worse obesogenic environments than intermediate (M = 49.9, SD = 7.9) or high (M = 45.9, SD = 8.8) income counties. There was also a significant interaction between rurality and median household income (F = 13.9, p < 0.0001). Similarly, there were significant differences in COEI values according to tertiles of race/ethnicity (F = 34.5, p < 0.0001), with low percentage NH White counties (M = 51.8, SD = 9.8) having worse obesogenic environment scores than intermediate (M = 48.7, SD = 8.4) or high (M = 49.5, SD = 8.5) NH White counties. There was also a significant interaction between rurality and race/ethnicity (F = 13.9, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Low-income counties and those with more racial/ethnic minority residents, especially in rural areas, had less supportive PA and healthy eating environments for youth. Targeted policy and environmental approaches that aimed to address concerns specific to underserved communities are needed.

Effect of Enteral Protein Supplements on Malnourished Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract Background Protein-calorie malnutrition is common in chronic hemodialysis patients and correlates with morbidity and mortality. There are limited trials evaluating the efficacy of oral nutritional supplementation in malnourished CHD patients. Aim of the Work To evaluate the effect of 6-month-long intradialytic amino acids (AA) supplementation on selected nutritional variables in malnourished hemodialysis (HD) patients. Patients and Methods This was prospective, intervention-controlled study, was conducted in haemodialysis unit Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, and other authorized hospitals nephrology clinics on 60 patients divided into 2 groups: (Group A); received oral formula, (Group B); the control group on their normal diet. Results There were high statistically difference between the studied groups on nutritional markers. Conclusion Malnutrition is common in incident and prevalent HD patients however enteral protein supplements can also help on increasing nutritional markers.

The Impact of Dietary Habits on Sleep Deprivation and Glucose Control in School-Aged Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Diet plays a crucial role in managing type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Background/Objectives:This study aimed to determine the impact of nutritional habits on sleep deprivation and glucose control in school-aged children with T1DM. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, nutritional habits and sleep deprivation were assessed in 100 school-aged children with T1DM, aged 7-13 years. The Dietary Habits Index and the Sleep Deprivation Scale for Children and Adolescents were used to evaluate nutritional habits and the level of sleep deprivation. Patients' sociodemographic and nutritional variables were collected through researcher-composed questionnaires. HbA1c levels over the past 6 months were obtained from the patient data system. Results: The study found a moderately strong positive correlation between the Dietary Habits Index score and HbA1c (p < 0.001), with 28% of the variation in HbA1c explained by changes in the Dietary Habits Index score. However, no correlation was found between the Dietary Habits Index score and the level of sleep deprivation. Conclusions: The nutritional habits of school-aged children with T1DM may affect glucose control and sleep deprivation. Therefore, it is important to educate children with T1DM on making healthy food choices to manage their condition effectively.

Comparison of nutritional compositions and heavy metals analysis between wild and farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and Asian Seabass (Lates sp.) in Sabah, Malaysia

In Sabah, Malaysia, Tilapia and Asian seabass are culturally and economically important seafood choices. Understanding their nutritional content and contaminants, both wild-caught and farmed, is crucial as demand increases. This study aimed to analyze the proximate composition and heavy metals concentrations in Tilapia and Asian Seabass fish flesh, and compare the wild-caught and farmed samples. The results revealed significant nutritional variations between the two groups. Wild-caught Tilapia exhibited higher protein content (16.90 ± 0.50 %), carbohydrate levels (0.7 ± 0.10 %), moisture (80.25 ± 0.58 %), and ash content (9.22 ± 1.27 %) while farmed Tilapia displayed elevated fat content (3.55 ± 0.05 %) and energy values (94.5 kcal per 100 g). Iron concentrations in both wild and farmed Tilapia remained within safe limits for human consumption and Zinc was detected in wild Tilapia only. Meanwhile, the farmed Asian Seabass demonstrated higher protein (18.45 ± 0.25 %), fat (0.9 ± 0.10 %), carbohydrate (0.8 ± 0.20 %), ash content (21.04 ± 2.1 %), and energy values (85.5 kcal per 100 g) compared to the wild. Further study can be conducted to study the benefits of these fish species to human health upon consumption.

Evaluation of oxidative damage and genotoxicity in populations exposed to arsenic in drinking water from Santa Fe province, Argentina

The presence of arsenic in the environment is a public health problem. Groundwater of certain regions of Argentina contains arsenic of natural origin in concentrations that exceed the guide level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 10 µg/L). Pathologies derived from chronic arsenic consumption justify the planning of human biomonitoring. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage and genotoxicity and its relationship with nutritional variables in populations exposed to arsenic through drinking water in Santa Fe province, Argentina. A total of 322 participants were analyzed for arsenic in urine together with biomarkers of genotoxicity (Comet assay in blood and frequency of Micronuclei and other Nuclear Abnormalities in exfoliated buccal cells) and oxidative stress (modified Comet assay with Endonuclease III, Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity), as well as nutritional and biochemical variables. Results showed that 45 % of participants excreted arsenic in the urine. Consumption of water with arsenic, whether currently or previously, was associated with statistically significant increase of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. MN in exfoliated buccal cells serve as an early biomarker of genotoxicity and showed significant differences in the current exposed group. Biochemical results indicate dyslipidemias potentially linked to dietary choices, and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, was also noted. This study advocates risk communication to the population, educators, and health authorities, emphasizing the need for preventive health strategies and improved food education.

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) foraging rewards in sunflowers: effect of floral traits on visitation and variation in pollen quality over two consecutive years

Sunflower production depends on pollination by honey bees, Apis mellifera L., and wild bees. For wild sunflower oligoleges, preference for various sunflower lines seems to reflect the quantity (or accessibility) of floral rewards, with floret size (≈accessibility of sunflower nectar) appearing most important. However, it is less clear how honey bees, a key generalist, are affected by sunflower floral traits. The honey bee-sunflower interaction was explored to test if accessibility of nectar (≈floret size) and related floral traits explain foraging preferences and to assess potential nutritional variation in sunflower pollen. In the first two years, honey bee foraging preference increased with decreasing floret length similar to previous observations with wild pollinators. In the second year, no similar response was seen, though nectar rewards (by volume or volume × concentration) were remarkably low compared to the previous year. Pollen collected from bagged plants in the second year showed sunflower lines differed in concentrations (µg/mg ± SE) of total fatty acids and essential fatty acids. In general, it appears that honey bee responses to floral traits are similar to those of wild bees responsible for pollinating much of the sunflower crop in the central United States and that variation in the nutritional quality of sunflower pollen is greater than previously known. Because of the broad geographic distribution of the sunflower crop, additional research on how the environment influences floral rewards and sunflower-pollinator interactions may be needed.

Techno-functional and nutritional variations of Cardaba banana flour as influenced by different modification techniques

The majority of gluten-free flours have significant techno-functional shortcomings as well as occasionally poor nutritional quality, all of which necessitate modifications. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine how different modification techniques such as fermentation, pre-gelatinization, acetylation, oxidation, and acid-thinning influence the nutritional, functional, pasting, and thermal properties of Cardaba banana flour – a gluten free flour. Oxidized flour exhibited improved setback viscosity and trough, in addition to protein and crude fibre. The technological parameters and general nutritional profiles of the flour were not considerably improved by acid-thinning and acetylation modifications. However, the most significant and crucial nutritional, functional, pasting and thermal properties of the flour experienced a substantial improvement during pre-gelatinization and fermentation treatments. Total phenol contents and antioxidants, dietary fibre, resistant, slowly digestible and rapidly digestible starches, essential mineral elements such as Na, K, P and nutritional important mineral ratios, Na/K, and Ca/P, as well as functional, pasting, and thermal stability indices, were improved during fermentation and pre-gelatinization, thus indicating the potential of these methods to minimize the inherent drawbacks of the native flour. Pre-gelatinization and fermentation technologies could considerably improve the technological, functional and nutritional characteristics of Cardaba banana and improve its food and industrial applications.

Assessing the Nutrient Content of Plant-Based Milk Alternative Products Available in the United States

BackgroundConsumption of plant-based milk alternatives is increasing. Current dietary guidance primarily relies on dairy milk as a source of key nutrients of public health concern including calcium and vitamin D. ObjectiveTo compare the nutritional content of plant-based milk alternatives between categories (eg, soy, almond, and oat) and with dairy milk. DesignThis study presents an evaluation of the nutritional content of 219 plant-based milk alternatives from 21 brands available in the US marketplace using data from the University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s database. Main outcome measuresNutrients of focus include those identified as nutrients of public health concern in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans or used by the US Department of Agriculture as criteria for determining whether a plant-based milk is a suitable substitute for dairy milk. Statistical analyses performedMost data are presented as percent Daily Values. Nutrients and food components were compared using means, medians, IQRs, and ranges. Statistical tests for significance were not used to evaluate between category differences because the plant-based milk alternatives included are a full census of the products from 21 brands available in the marketplace. Because data are a census, differences can be understood to be true differences. ResultsFortified soy-based products most closely mimic the nutrient content of dairy milk. High variability was present in all the nutrients and food components. Plant-based milk alternatives were generally lower in protein and saturated fatty acids than dairy milk, with high variability in added sugars content. Approximately 70% were fortified with both calcium and vitamin D. ConclusionsThese results indicate that most plant-based milk alternative products are not nutritionally equivalent to dairy milk, and there is high nutritional variability between and within product types. These findings highlight the importance of communicating the nutritional differences between plant-based milk alternatives and dairy milk to consumers.

Evaluation of nutritional composition, biochemical, and quality attributes of different varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Due to the wide variety and great quality differences, it is very confusing for consumers and growers to choose the best variety. For this purpose, we conducted a greenhouse test to focus on the nutrients and bioactive substances of diverse varieties of tomato. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we analyzed 28 quality traits across the nine tomato varieties. The results revealed significant variations in quality attributes of nine varieties, such as naringenin and cinnamic acid content, ranging from 0 to 2.02 and 0.97 μg/g, respectively. Similarly, sucrose, malic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, and gentisic acid exhibited high coefficients of variation of 31.60 %, 74.82 %, 30.94 %, 39.59 %, and 86.32 %, respectively. For the comprehensive evaluation of quality and difference among tomato varieties, we used Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with membership function methods. Notably, strawberry tomato (S2) and Yuanwei No.1 (S1) exhibited the highest quality, and Pink Belle No.2 (S7) showed lowest. The above metabolites show different accumulations potential among different varieties. In addition, we explored the nutritional variations in tomatoes different parts at various growth stages of two varieties. Overall, study result investigated metabolic differences of nutrients at different growth stages, especially ripening stage affecting fruit quality. Thus, these useful findings will provide useful information for consumers and researchers.

Nutritional Variation on Sequentially Harvested Shoots and Fruits of Lagenaria siceraria Landraces.

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is valued for its medicinal and nutritive properties. The nutrient status of sequentially harvested shoots and fruits at various growth stages in L. siceraria has not been documented to date. This study aimed to compare the nutritional status of L. siceraria landrace shoots and fruits harvested at different maturity stages. Micronutrients, macronutrients, and proximate composition of shoots and fruits were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The nutrient attributes differed significantly (p < 0.05) within and among landraces at different growth stages. Correlation of nutritional traits was primarily based on shared absorption sites and comparable chemical composition. The first five principal components in shoots and fruits had 90.218 and 89.918% total variability, respectively. The micronutrients Ca, Mg, K, P, and N in shoots and the macronutrients Fe, Zn, Cu, and Al in fruits were the main contributors to variability. The biplot and dendrogram clustered landraces with comparable nutrient values. Shoot traits classified landraces into three major clusters, where clusters I and II grouped landraces with superior and inferior Mg, P, K, N, Fe, K/Ca+Mg, ADL, and protein levels at 42-63 DAS. Cluster III consisted of landraces with more Ca, Na, Mn, Zn, and Cu. However, the fruit nutrient status classified landraces into two major clusters. Cluster I comprised landrace KSC (as a singlet) with the highest Ca, P, N, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents at various stages of growth (7-21 DAA). Cluster II had landraces with higher K, C/N ratio, Na, moisture content, ash, protein, and fat. The nutritional status of shoots and fruits determined at different stages of growth is essential for selecting the best harvest time and landrace(s) for required daily nutrient intake.

Dietary creatine is associated with lower serum neurofilament light chain levels.

Low creatine availability may be linked to an elevated risk of neuronal damage, yet this association remains inadequately explored at the population level. Utilizing 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, the current study found a negative correlation between dietary creatine intake and serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL; a biomarker for neuronal damage) in a cohort of 1912 individuals (52.2% females) aged 20-75 years. This inverse association persisted even after adjusting for other nutritional variables known to influence neuronal viability. The observed pattern, where increased dietary creatine intake was associated with reduced circulating NfL levels, suggests potential protective effects of creatine against neuronal injury.

#704 Albumin, inflammation and nutrition in hemodialisis patients in Colombia: a cohort study

Abstract Background and Aims Hypoalbuminemia is a well-identified risk factor for mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. As a negative acute phase reactant, albumin levels could be associated with several factors that affect the patient on hemodialysis (HD), such as alterations in the rate of hepatic synthesis, an increase in the rate of catabolism, or an increase in losses due to the dialysis process. The objective of the present study is to analyze serum albumin values in repeated measurements over time in two cohorts, one with expanded HD (HDx) enabled by the medium cut-off membrane (MCO) Theranova and the other with high flux (HF) HD and estimate the relationship with other relevant variables. Method Cohort study, one with HDx enabled by Theranova® and the other with HF HD, adult prevalent HD patients (&amp;gt; 90 days) at Baxter Renal Care Services Colombia starting between September 1, 2017, and November 30, 2017, with follow-up for up to 48 months. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were summarized descriptively, and a mixed linear model with repeated measures was performed to evaluate the association between dialysis membrane and albumin levels, controlling for confounding variables. Results We evaluated 1092 patients (62% male): 533 in HF-HD vs. 559 in HDx (Table 1); the median age was 61 years, 42% had a history of diabetes, and 19% had cardiovascular disease. We found no differences in albumin levels over time when comparing Theranova versus HF HD patients, p-value = 0.789 (see Fig. 1). No association between serum albumin levels and the Theranova dialyzer was found with the linear mixed model with repeated measures when controlling for confounding variables, p-value= 0.198. On the other hand, we found that serum albumin was associated with inflammatory and nutritional variables such as C reactive protein, Ratio platelets/lymphocytes, and Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) (Table 2). Conclusion Variables including nutritional status and inflammation, age, and hospitalization events are associated with serum albumin levels varying over time. Variation in serum albumin levels over time are not associated with type of dialyzer (Theranova® vs HF).

Impact of rearing systems in the Eastern Amazon on cholesterol, β-carotene and vitamin E homologues in steer.

The quality of meat, with a focus on compounds important for human health, is directly related to the rearing systems in which the animals are produced. The search for a balanced diet, with an emphasis on low cholesterol and adequate levels of vitamins, aligns with society's emphasis on healthy eating, directly correlated with the importance of the offer made by producers for the cattle's diet. The objective was to verify the impact of different rearing systems, in the Eastern Amazon, during the rainy season, on the concentrations of vitamins (A, E) and cholesterol in the muscle (Longissimus lumborum) of crossbred Nelore cattle, castrated, aged between 24 and 36 months, and weighing between 410 and 628 kg. Twelve animals, from each of the three pasture rearing systems: native pasture in flooded areas of Monte Alegre; native pasture in a flooded area of Santa Cruz do Arari; and pasture cultivated on dry land in São Miguel do Guamá, all located in Pará, Brazil-were sampled in commercial slaughterhouses. A notable influence was observed in the concentrations of β-carotene (p < 0.01), α-Tocopherol (p = 0.02), β-Tocopherol (p < 0.01) and the combined sum of β-Tocotrienol and γ-Tocopherol (p < 0.01), as well as δ-Tocopherol (p < 0.01) when contrasting extensive with intensive systems (confinement). However, there was a difference in the content of vitamins and cholesterol between the isolated extensive systems, or between the four rearing systems (p > 0.05). Extensive systems, mainly in Monte Alegre, demonstrated greater amounts of α-Tocopherol and δ-Tocopherol. On the other hand, the intensive system exhibited higher levels of other investigated compounds, clarifying the nutritional variations generated by different livestock rearing practices in the region. Therefore, the results obtained are innovative in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil, in addition to inspiring the development of new research to meet other demands in this field, and achieve additional results, such as determining which meat, coming from cattle in production systems in the country, presents the better compositional quality of vitamins and lipids.

Morphological, biochemical and nutritional variations in a Mexican purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) variety exposed to salt stress during the vegetative stage

Salt stress limits productivity of crop plants, and differential responses may be observed among genotypes. Herein we analyzed the effects of saline stress induced by the application of different concentrations of sodium chloride (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 M NaCl) in a local Mexican variety of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) named ‘Atlapulco’ in vegetative stage. The NaCl concentrations were applied in the Hoagland nutrient solution used in irrigation for 14 days under greenhouse conditions, using perlite as a substrate. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were carried out with the data obtained. NaCl concentrations from 0.50 M reduced canopy coverage 36.8% and stem diameter by almost 21%, while all NaCl doses reduced the leaf area by 28.2%, on average, as compared to the control. Dry stem biomass and chlorophyll b were reduced by the saline gradient. Secondary stems and root length increased with 1.00 M by 23 and 29%, respectively. Proline concentration both in leaves and stems increased by 223.9 and 138%, respectively, when applying 1.00 M NaCl, compared to the control. Applying 0.75 and 1.00 M NaCl reduced N concentrations by 47 and 28.8% in leaf tissues, respectively, compared to the control. The concentrations of P and K in leaves, and K in roots also decreased with the saline treatments, while those of Ca and Mg were not affected in any of the analyzed tissues. The highest concentrations of Na in leaves were observed in doses 0.50 and 0.75 M NaCl, surpassing the control by 67.5 and 73.1%, respectively. The findings reported herein are very useful to propose programs for the recovery of saline soils in the region and design environmental policies aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change on food production.

A Novel Approaches to Crop Variety Development for Sustainable Agriculture using Hybrid Machine Learning Model

The growing global population and changing climate need sustainable agriculture practices and new crop varieties. This study proposes a hybrid machine learning technique that combines linear regression and logistic regression to identify and extract unique traits from a broad range of crop species. The system integrates these qualities to create new crop types with a variety of benefits. The system begins by collecting detailed data on multiple crop species, including production potential, drought resilience, disease tolerance, nutritional content, and adaptation to different climates. Preprocessing ensures data quality. The hybrid machine learning algorithm uses the revised dataset. Linear regression identifies variables with strong connections with the required attributes, making it easier to find good candidates for the new crop variety. Logistic regression analyzes categorical data, including disease resistance genes and nutritional variables that affect crop quality. The method efficiently identifies and ranks the best characteristics across varied crop species by combining regression model findings. The traits have been strategically combined to create a pioneering cultivar that optimizes crop productivity, robustness, nutritional composition, and versatility while reducing vulnerability to pathogenic diseases and ecological challenges. The innovative crop variety is tested in various agricultural situations to determine the system's effectiveness. The topic under inquiry is compared to current kinds in terms of yield, quality, and sustainability. This unique hybrid machine learning technology may combine the best qualities from multiple sources to develop cutting-edge agricultural cultivars. The system's speed and accuracy in identifying beneficial traits promotes sustainable agriculture by reducing monospecific breeding and increasing crop resilience to environmental challenges. This work advances global food security and resource-efficient crop varieties.