Nutritional Status Of School Children Research Articles

The Effects of Coconut Skim Milk and Coco-Dairy Milk Blend on the Nutritional Status of Schoolchildren.

Milk feeding can be an effective response to the high prevalence of child undernutrition as it provides significant amounts of nutrients. This study investigated and compared the effects of coconut skim milk (CocoM) and coco-dairy milk blend (CDMB) to cow's milk (CM) on improving the nutritional status of Filipino schoolchildren. The study followed a randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group design. A total of 444 underweight/stunted schoolchildren aged 6.0–8.4 years old enrolled in Guadalupe Elementary School in Cebu City, Philippines, have participated. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups, that is, CocoM, CDMB, and CM, in which the milk products were packed in 200 ml color and number-coded bottles given for 95 days. The bottles were similar in form and shape, and the only differentiating factors were the code and color. Weight and height were measured using standard techniques. Nutritional indices such as weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), height-for-age z-score (HAZ), and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) were measured using the WHO Child Growth Standards (CGS), and the acceptability test was measured using the 5-point facial hedonic scale. The study found that the mean WAZ and BAZ had significantly increased from baseline to endpoint across all groups. Moreover, the prevalence of underweight has also significantly declined from baseline to endpoint in all groups, and the prevalence of stunting significantly declined from baseline to endpoint in the CocoM group only. Lastly, the three milk products were rated as generally acceptable. Overall, the findings indicate that coconut milk consumption could be beneficial for improving a child's WAZ and BAZ, as well as improving the nutritional status of underweight and stunted schoolchildren. CocoM and CDMB were found to be equally beneficial to child nutrition as cow's milk. Hence, the present study suggests that CocoM and CDMB could be also provided in school-based feeding programs with the aim of targeting child undernutrition.

Konsumsi Junk Food dan Perilaku Picky Eating dengan Status Gizi Anak Sekolah

Excessive nutritional status of school children is associated with high consumption of junk food and high Picky eating behavior, which has an unfavorable impact on health. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between junk food consumption, Picky eating behavior and the nutritional status of school children. Correlational descriptive research design. The population is 41 children in grade 4 at SDN 1 Landungsari Malang, with a total population technique. The instrument uses a questionnaire of self-identity, Picky eating behavior and consumption of junk food. Data analysis using fisher exact. The results showed that most of the respondents had normal nutritional status, namely 53.6%; most of the respondents have quite Picky eating behavior, namely 73.2%; Most of the respondents have a low consumption of junk food, namely 73.2%. The statistical test revealed that there was no relationship between junk food consumption and nutritional status (p-value 0.753); and there is no relationship between Picky eating and the nutritional status of school children at SDN 1 Landungsari Malang. It is recommended to examine the determinants of junk food consumption and Picky eating behavior in school children

Nutritional status of school children in the South Tongu District, Ghana.

BackgroundMalnutrition is a major public health problem because of the devastating consequences it has on children, their families, and society at large. Our study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity and its associated factors among children aged 6–12 in the South Tongu District, Ghana.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 school children aged 6–12 years in the South Tongu District of Ghana. A multistage sampling method was employed to recruit the school children for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. We used a dual-purpose (height and weight) measuring scale to obtain the anthropometric data. The World Health Organization’s AnthroPlus software was used to generate the z-scores for determining the nutritional status. Percentages were used to present the results of the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs), with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Stata 16.0 was used to perform the analyses.ResultsThe overall prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity were 21.5% (CI = 17.7, 25.7) and 24.8% (CI = 20.8, 29.2), respectively. Specifically, the prevalence of stunting, thinness, underweight, overweight, and obesity were 10.4%, 12.1%, 3.8%, 11.1%, and 13.7%, respectively. School children whose household used water from non-portable sources were more likely to be undernourished [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.63]. The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among school children whose mothers had attained formal education [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.09, 4.06], those who consumed beverages between meals per day [AOR = 1.87, CI = 1.08, 3.24], and those who had adequate dietary diversity score [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.67]. School children aged 10–12 were less likely to be overweight/obese [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.94] compared to those aged 6–9.ConclusionThe study showed a relatively high prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children in the South Tongu District. The identified risk factor(s) for undernutrition was the usage of water from non-potable sources whilst those of overweight/obesity were age (10–12 years), maternal formal education, beverage consumption between meals per day, and adequate dietary diversity. The findings reaffirm that malnutrition is still prevalent among school children. Hence, there is a need for the Ministry of Health, Ghana Education Service, and other Non-Governmental Organizations to pay critical attention to these factors to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2, target 2.2. Nutritional behavioural change education should be carried out among parents and school children. School health service activities should be intensified with a special focus on nutritional screening.

Designing of Ready to Eat Convenient Mid - Day Meal for Children (5-10 yrs) and Adolescents (11-19 yrs) of Sri Lanka Based on Nutritional Perspective

The most prevalent malnutrition issues in Sri Lanka are the protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency. Childhood and adolescence are the crucial stages of life which mostly susceptible to malnutrition since their major physiological and psychological changes take place. Although a balanced, nutritious diet is essential to them, present socio-economical and higher academic expectations have created a complex environment that often pushes them towards junk foods and unhealthy snacks. The objective of the present study was to develop ready-to-reconstitute convenient mid-day meals in three categories of chicken, fish, and soya, which match to the Sri Lankan local culinary style, with acceptable sensory properties to upgrade the nutritional status of school children (5-10 yrs) and adolescents (11-19 yrs). Those mid-day meals were designed according to the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) of Sri Lanka. The selected ingredients were processed; rice to instant rice, vegetables to dehydrated vegetables, and protein source of chicken, fish, and soya to pre-cooked sterilized curry pouches. The convenient mid-day meal packages were prepared using three portions of instant rice containing 10% of green gram flakes, dehydrated vegetables, and retorted curry mix respectively. Labeling was performed according to the type of curry mix inserted into the package as Chicken, Fish, or Soy mid-day meals. Physicochemical and sensorial properties of meals were evaluated. The caloric value of mid-day meals ranged 575 - 640.82 kcal. The protein content of meals ranged from 25.88 g to 32.68g and there was no significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between protein contents in chicken and fish meals. The fat contents and dietary fiber contents significantly (p&lt;0.05) differed and the highest contents of fat (3.15 g) and dietary fiber (4.40 g) were observed in chicken meal and soy meal respectively. The mineral contents of tested meals significantly differed (p&lt;0.05) and the significant highest Ca, Fe, K, Fe, and P were observed in soya mid–day meals. The highest mean rank scores for all sensory attributes in terms of odor, appearance, texture, taste, and overall acceptability were observed in the chicken mid-day meal. Ready-to-reconstitute mid-day meals in three categories of chicken, fish, and soya, which could match to the Sri Lankan local culinary style, were developed with acceptable sensory properties.

Edukasi Guru PAUD tentang Status Gizi Anak di TKIT An-Nahl Kota Jambi

Human development as a whole starts from the fetus in the mother's womb and enters the golden age, namely intelligence has a very significant increase. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the growth, development, and nutritional intake consumed by children. The factors that cause school children to be malnourished are the consumption and knowledge of children's nutrition. In addition, the low nutritional status of school children must be corrected immediately because it has an impact on their learning abilities. Based on the results of the service team's interview to the Principal of TKIT An-Nahl Jambi City, currently TKIT An-Nahl already has a posyandu within the school environment to monitor the nutritional status of children early. However, the human resources at the TKIT do not yet have a good understanding of the nutritional status of children. The targets for this activity are providing material on children's nutritional status, training in calculating the nutritional status of PAUD children based on anthropometric measurements (BB and TB) and preparing menus and forming a driving group for improving children's nutritional status. Implementation methods include planning, implementing activities as well as monitoring and evaluation. The results of this activity were 8 people (80%), before conducting PAUD Teacher Education on Children's Nutritional Status to teachers, many did not know about children's nutritional status. after being given education about the nutritional status of children and given post-test to the audience, there was an increase from 50% to 80%. In conclusion, there was a change in good knowledge on the target and the formation of 2 teams to drive children's nutritional status

The Food Intake Pattern in Relation to the Nutritional Status of School Age 6-12-Year-Old in Muhammadiyah Orphanage

School-age children have a very high risk of experiencing a nutritional problem during their development, consisting of an imbalance between their body mass index and the state of malnutrition due to their nutritional intake. The parenting at Muhammadiyah Orphanage is related to the nutritional status of the children managed in the group. This parenting status causes less attention to be paid to the children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify the food intake pattern in relation to the food delivery and nutritional status of school-aged children (6-12 years) in the Muhammadiyah Orphanage house setting.

Factors Affecting the Nutritional Status of School Age Children 6-12 Years Old in Raja Maligas Village, Hutabayu Raja District, Simalungun Regency 2022

This type of research uses quantitative research, with a cross-sectional study approach, namely studying the dynamics of the relationship or correlation between risk factors and impacts, the approach used is observation at a certain time.The population of this study is mothers who have school children 6-12 years old in the village ofKing Maligas Iwith a population of about 80 people. Nutrition is one of the determinants of the quality of human resources. Malnutrition will cause failure of physical growth and intelligence development, reduce work productivity and reduce body resistance which results in increased morbidity and mortality (Directorate of Nutrition RI, 2004).There is a relationship between feeding patterns and the nutritional status of school-aged children 6-12 years in Raja Maligas I Village, Hutabayu Raja District, Simalungun Regency, which is 0.015. There is a relationship between the family environment and the nutritional status of school-aged children 6-12 years in Raja Maligas I Village, Hutabayu Raja District, Simalungun Regency, which is 0.001. There is a relationship between family education (mother) and the nutritional status of school-aged children 6-12 years in Raja Maligas I Village, Hutabayu Raja District, Simalungun Regency.that is 0.006.

EDUKASI DAN PENDAMPINGAN GIZI PADA IBU ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI DESA INDRODELIK KECAMATAN BUNGAH

Nutritional problems in Indonesia are still often encountered, such as malnutrition and poor breakfast habits. This activity aims to improve and increase the knowledge of schoolchildren's mothers and maintain normal nutritional status in schoolchildren in Indrodelik Village, Bungah District, Gresik Regency. This activity uses a combination research method (mixed method research) with primary data obtained directly from respondents through the implementation of baselines (interviews and filling out questionnaires) in Indro Hamlet, Indrodelik Village. Sampling of activities using purposive sampling method which is carried out when taking baseline data and samples taken are included in the inclusion criteria, namely aged 6 to 12 years. The results of this activity are that there is an increase in the level of knowledge before and after counseling and an increase in respondents' understanding regarding the intake consumed must be nutritionally balanced, although the results of the recall analysis are still not stable from day to day. But it has shown an increase and change in the intake of respondents from before counseling to after counseling.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan Media Game Busar terhadap Pengetahuan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur pada Murid Kelas 4 dan 5 di SDN 07 Pagi Kebayoran Lama Utara

Background: School-age children consume less fruit and vegetables than the recommended daily requirement. The low consumption of fruits and vegetables is due to the low level of nutritional knowledge. Lack of knowledge will reduce the ability to apply nutritional information, so that the consumption of healthy food will decrease and become a negative impact on the nutritional status of school-age children. Objective To determine the effect of health education with the Busar game media on knowledge of fruit and vegetable consumption in 4th and 5th grades students at Elementary Public School (SDN) 07 Pagi Kebayoran Lama Utara. Methods: Quantitative study using pre-experimental design with the type of one group pretest-posttest. The total population of this study was 128 students with a sample size of 56 students who were determined using the Slovin formula and selected by stratified random sampling. Bivariate data analysis was performed using the paired sample t-test. Results: A p value of 0.001 (≤0.05) was obtained which indicates that there is an impact of health education using the Busar game media on the level of knowledge of fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusion: The busar game-based learning method is proven to be effective in increasing students' knowledge in understanding the importance of consuming vegetables and fruits.

Nutritional status of school-age children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries across seven global regions: a synthesis of scoping reviews.

To summarise available evidence on the nutritional status of school-age children and adolescents (5-19 years) from seven global regions and on interventions implemented to improve malnutrition in this population. Global. Findings were compiled from seven scoping literature reviews, including data from low- and middle-income countries within the following UNICEF-defined global regions: East Asia and Pacific; Europe and Central Asia; South Asia; West and Central Africa; Eastern and Southern Africa; Middle East and North Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. A double burden of malnutrition was evident across the world regions reviewed: stunting, thinness, anaemia and other micronutrient deficiencies persisted, alongside rising overweight and obesity prevalence. Transitions towards diets increasingly high in energy-dense, processed and micronutrient-poor foods were observed. Evidence from intervention studies was limited, but suggested that providing multiple micronutrient-fortified foods or beverages at school may effectively target micronutrient deficiencies and facilitate weight gain in undernourished populations. Interventions to prevent or manage overweight and obesity were even more limited. There was minimal evidence of using novel technological approaches to engage school-age children and adolescents, or of involving them in designing interventions. The limited data available on nutrition of school-age children and adolescents are neither standardised nor comparable. Consensus on methods for assessing nutritional status and its determinants for this age group is urgently needed to set targets and monitor progress. Additionally, strategies are required to ensure that nutritious, safe and sustainable diets are available, affordable and appealing.

Impacts of School Nutrition Interventions on the Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This review aims to describe school nutrition interventions implemented in Asia and quantify their effects on school-aged children’s nutritional status. We searched Web of Science, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, Econlit, APA PsycInfo, and Social Policy and Practice for English articles published from January 2000 to January 2021. We quantified the pooled effects of the interventions on the changes in body mass index (BMI) and body mass index z score (BAZ), overall and by type of intervention. In total, 28 articles were included for this review, of which 20 articles were multi-component interventions. Twenty-seven articles were childhood obesity studies and were included for meta-analysis. Overall, school nutrition interventions reduced school-aged children’s BMI and BAZ. Multi-component interventions reduced the children’s BMI and BAZ, whereas physical activity interventions reduced only BMI and nutrition education did not change BMI or BAZ. Overweight/obesity reduction interventions provided a larger effect than prevention interventions. Parental involvement and a healthy food provision did not strengthen school nutrition interventions, which may be due to an inadequate degree of implementation. These results suggested that school nutrition interventions should employ a holistic multi-component approach and ensure adequate stakeholder engagement as well as implementation to maximise the effects.

GIARDIA DUODENALIS GENOTYPING NOT LINKED TO CLINICAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN OF SOLEDAD AND GALAPA MUNICIPALITY SCHOOLS, ATLÁNTICO, COLOMBIA.

Giardia duodenalis genotypes A and B have been reported in Colombia. The population consisted of 235 schoolchildren whose ages ranged from 2 to 10 yr of age from the municipalities of Soledad and Galapa in the department of Atlántico, Colombia. Fecal samples were obtained and then analyzed in triplicate using the sedimentation in formalin-ether (Ritchie's method) and direct examination techniques. Of the 235 fecal samples, 35 samples were positive for G. duodenalis; positive samples were concentrated in a sucrose gradient and sonicated for 3 cycles of 20 sec. DNA extraction was performed, and the parasites were genotyped by conventional PCR amplifying a region of the β-giardin gene. A general prevalence of G. duodenalis of 13.2% was found, and of these genotyped samples, 13 (56.7%) and 7 (20%) corresponded to genotype A, 1 (4.3%), and 3 (25%) corresponded to genotype B, and 9 (39.1%) and 2 (16.7%) were not defined, in the municipalities Soledad and Galapa, respectively. Additionally, 23 children were diagnosed with symptomatologic giardiasis, and 12 were asymptomatic; the most relevant symptoms were abdominal pain (7, 20%) and diarrhea (13, 56.7%). The nutritional status of children with Giardia genotypes A and B were as follows: 3 in a state of malnutrition (10%), 10 normal (33.3%), and 6 overweight and obese (20%) with genotype A, and 1 in a state of malnutrition (3.3%) and 3 normal (10%) with genotype B. The genotypes found in G. duodenalis did not show an association with nutritional status or with the clinical manifestations evaluated in schoolchildren.

Stunting and associated factors among primary school children in Ethiopia: School-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundStunting is a common type of undernutrition in schoolchildren, and it has a significant negative impact on academic performance. Stunting refers to a child who is too short for their age. It is the result of chronic or recurring malnutrition. Stunting can have far-reaching consequences that last a lifetime. Malnutrition is still a major public health concern in developing countries, including Ethiopia, with an estimated 118 million people going hungry by 2020. Therefore, this study was intended to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among primary school children. MethodsA cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to get a total of 500 study participants from May 1 to June 30, 2021. Data was collected by using face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires. It was entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Variables with a p value of 0.25 in bivariate analysis were fitted to multivariable analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model with a 95% confidence interval and a P-Value of 0.05 was used. ResultsThe study found that 203 (40.6%) of the 500 primary students enrolled were stunted (95% CI: 17–47). Stunting was significantly associated with educational status [AOR 2.49 (95%CI (1.23, 4.06)], dietary diversity [AOR 2.0, (95%CI (1.64, 3.54)], child age [AOR 3.48, (95%CI (2.04, 6.16)], family size [AOR 2.18, (95%CI (2.06, 4.49)], and family type [AOR 2.94, (95%CI (1.84, 4.72)]. ConclusionMore than one-third of elementary school children were stunted. Implementing school health and nutrition initiatives to improve the nutritional status of school-age children in the study area is critical, as is considering a strategy to improve children's wellbeing through cross-cutting child wellbeing strategies, with a special focus on vulnerable children. It should be considered to empower vulnerable families who are at risk of having a child with stunting to improve children's home environments.

Association between flat foot prevalence and nutritional status in schoolchildren

Introduction/Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between flat feet and socio-demographic factors and nutritional status in children aged 7?14 years of the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Methods. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study. The survey instrument was a questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were done using standardized procedures. To determine the impact of socio-demographic factors and nutritional status as independent variables on the flat feet in schoolchildren as a dependent variable, a multivariate logistic regression model was implemented. A multivariate model was adjusted for age, sex, type of settlement, and material status. Results. This study included 1376 children (685 boys and 691 girls). Significant differences were observed in the frequency of flat feet between normal weight, overweight, and obesity (p = 0.006), where obese children were rated highest in the flat foot category. Overweight children had a 1.76 times higher chance to have flat feet than those with normal weight (OR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.08?2.88), while obese children were 1.88 times more likely to have flat feet than those with normal weight (OR = 1.88; 95% CI 1.14?3.11). Conclusion. The research showed that nutritional status was significantly associated with the presence of flat feet in schoolchildren. The high prevalence of flat feet and obesity in schoolchildren should be accepted as a warning sign, and many public health policies should be undertaken to solve these issues.

Influence of home-grown school feeding on nutritional status of schoolchildren: Findings from South-West Nigeria

Influence of home-grown school feeding on nutritional status of schoolchildren: Findings from South-West Nigeria

Kebiasaan Konsumsi Makanan Siap Saji dan Status Obesitas Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

Obesity that occurs in school children is caused by wrong eating patterns, namely children like snacks that are high in fat and high in sugar. In addition, excess intake of energy and fat accompanied by a lack of activity also affects the incidence of obesity. This study aims to determine the description of fast food consumption habits and obesity status in elementary school children in Tanggilingo Village, Kabila District, Bone Bolango Regency. This research method uses a descriptive survey. The population is all students in Tanggilingo Village, Kabila District, Bone Bolango Regency. Independent research variables, namely the habit of consuming fast food and obesity status in elementary school children. The results of the study: showed the habit of consuming fast food for school children in the frequent category of 25 people (83.3%) and the less category as many as 5 people (16.7%). Obese nutritional status of school children who are obese (3.3%) and non-obese (96.7%). The conclusion of the study that most school children have a habit of frequently consuming fast food and obesity status is 1 person (3.3%).

Nutritional status of mid-day meal program on government and private school students: a comparative study

Background: Mid-day meal scheme is a school meal programme of the Government of India, designed to improve the nutritional status of school-age children. Malnourished children will not attain optimum potential for growth and development and this affects their physical capacity to work and physiological changes in the later phase of life. The food that we eat affects the nutritional status; hence the study was evaluated to find the nutritional status of the mid-day meal program in school going children.Methods: Total of 100 subjects were selected into 2 groups, 50 students from government schools and another 50 from private schools. Government school groups received mid-day meal scheme and private school students brought their personal lunch. Anthropometric and haemoglobin evaluation was done.Results: The study showed that mid-day meal effects on nutritional status and one meal gives a calorific value of 357.6 and there was a significant difference between the distribution of MUAC (CM) during pre and post nutritious period in government school students. There was no significant difference between the other anthropometric measurements like height, weight and TSFT and hemoglobin values.Conclusions: Study showed that mid-day meal affects nutritional status. A balanced freshly cooked meal in the noon is healthier and nutritious impacting the school children’s academic performance.

Factors Affecting the Nutritional Status of School-aged Children Belonging to Farming Households in the Philippines

Undernutrition among school-aged children continues to be a public health concern in the Philippines, where agriculture is the primary source of income. School-age is a crucial phase of development and growth among children since it can establish nutritional knowledge and healthy eating habits across the next life stages. Evidence suggested that undernutrition exists among school-aged children belonging to households relying on agriculture. This study aims to identify factors affecting the nutritional status of school children belonging to farming households. The data set from the 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups of the Department of Science and Technology–Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI) consisting of 1,689 school children belonging to farming households was used in this study. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant factors affecting the nutritional status of school-aged children while holding other variables constant. Household wealth index and age were significantly associated with underweight and wasting. Meanwhile, poor dietary diversity score was also an essential confounding factor between socioeconomic status with underweight and stunting but not wasting. The study’s findings can provide empirical evidence that the most important underlying causes of undernutrition among school-aged children belonging to farming households were wealth index and food availability. It is recommended that their investments be made in addition to livelihood for families relying on agriculture and provide them better access to government services to diminish the existing issues of scarcity.

The Undernutrition Situation of School-age Children in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Under-nutrition in school-age children has proven to be responsible for poor academic performance as well as declined work capacity and poor health/reproductive function later in life. Nutritional assessment is key to monitoring the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at reducing under-nutrition. Yet, there is a gross absence of national data on the nutritional status of school-age children. Objective: This study was designed to pool existing recent data on anthropometrically determined under-nutrition prevalence of school-age children and provide a clear picture of the regional and national malnutrition situation of school-age children in Nigeria. Methods: Published studies on the anthropometric status of school-age children in Nigeria from 2005 to 2019 were reviewed. Eligible studies were those that used the acceptable international growth standards. A total of 27 articles that assessed 17,820 school-age children met the inclusion criteria. Results: Results showed that 37.9% of studies had adopted the WHO 2007 growth reference. The overall pooled stunting, underweight, and wasting/thinness prevalence of school-age children in Nigeria are 25.5+20.4%, 24.4+18.8%, 20.6+17.4%, respectively. More than half of the studies had their under-nutrition prevalence above the public health significance thresholds. Stunting (53.2%) and underweight (36.9%) were most prominent in the North West region, while the South Southern part of Nigeria had the highest prevalence of acute malnutrition (39.5%). Conclusion: The study suggests that the inclusion of school-age children in national nutrition surveys and scale-up of intervention programs will reduce this high under-nutrition prevalence.

Household food insecurity and nutritional status of schoolchildren in rural regions of Bajo Lampa, El Salvador (2018–2019)

ABSTRACT In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted in six communities of Tecoluca, Bajo Lempa (El Salvador). Weight, height, sitting-height, skinfolds thickness and head, arm, and waist circumferences were measured in a sample of 334 schoolchildren. Nutritional status, body composition, and Extended Composite Index for Anthropometric Failure (ECIAF) were estimated. The Food Security Perception Survey (Spanish acronym: EPSA) was applied to 143 households. Anthropometric failure was observed in 37.5% of the schoolchildren. Association between stunting and underweight in boys and stunting and weight excess in girls was observed. About 58.7% of the households suffered from food insecurity.