Nutritional Risk Screening Score Research Articles

A retrospective cohort study on the association between nutritional status and prognosis in COVID-19 patients with severe and critical infection.

To evaluate the relationship between nutritional scoring systems, nutritional support methods, and the prognosis of severe and critically ill patients infected with the Omicron variant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with confirmed Omicron variant severe and critical COVID-19, who were admitted to Chongqing Medical University First Hospital between December 2022 and January 2023, were enrolled into this retrospective study. Clinical data of patients who survived for 28 days were compared with those who died during the same period. Nutritional status was assessed using the 2002 Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) tool and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Factors influencing patient mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regression, and the relationship between patient nutrition and mortality as the disease progressed was illustrated using Kaplan-Meier curves. The study was registered on the ChiCTR platform (No. ChiCTR2300067595). A total of 508 patients were included (349 survivors and 159 non-survivors). Significant differences were found in sex, age, NRS score, PNI score, albumin level, lymphocyte count, chronic comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, neutrophil count, procalcitonin, and platelet count between survivors and non-survivors. Multivariate analysis revealed that high NRS score (OR 3.87, 95% CI, 1.97, 7.63), fourth-level nutritional support (combined enteral and parenteral nutrition; OR 7.89, 95% CI, 1.32, 47.28), chronic comorbidities (OR 4.03, 95% CI, 1.91, 8.51), and mechanical ventilation (OR 6.03, 95% CI, 3, 12.13) were risk factors for mortality (OR > 1). The malnutrition rate among patients with NRS ≥ 3 was 41.93%. The median (interquartile range) PNI score was 38.20 (35.65, 41.25) for survivors versus 32.65 (29.65, 36.58) for non-survivors. The mortality rate was higher in patients with high nutritional risk within 28 days of hospitalization. The descending order for mortality rate in patients receiving different nutritional support was: dual parenteral and enteral nutrition, no nutritional intervention, single enteral nutrition, and single parenteral nutrition. A high proportion of severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 experience malnutrition, and various factors are associated with their prognosis. High nutritional risk is significantly related to patient mortality. Early assessment using NRS or PNI is crucial for these patients, and personalized interventions should be implemented to improve overall nutritional status, maintain organ function, and enhance the body's antiviral defence.

Poor nutrition doubles post-COVID-19 syndrome risk in cancer patients: insights from a Chinese multicentre study

BackgroundSince 2019, approximately 760 million SARS-CoV-2 cases have been reported globally, with post-COVID-19 syndrome posing significant challenges for cancer patients due to their immunosuppressed status and poor nutritional conditions. The role of nutritional status in influencing their infection risk and post-COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear, underscoring the need for targeted research and strategies.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of baseline nutritional status on SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome in cancer patients.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023 in four tertiary hospitals across China. Cancer inpatients aged 18 years and older were enrolled and classified into two groups based on their Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) scores. The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-COVID-19 syndrome and nutritional status were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong 834 eligible cancer patients, 10.8% were in the high nutritional risk group (NRS ≥ 3). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 58.8% (95% confidence interval, CI: 56.8–60.8%), and post-COVID-19 syndrome was 21.0% (95% CI: 10.4–14.4%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the high nutritional risk group had a significantly higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome compared to the low nutritional risk group (32.7% vs. 19.5%, AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.23–4.54, p = 0.010). However, no significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates was found between the two groups (61.1% vs. 58.5%, AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.70–1.80; p = 0.634).InterpretationPoor baseline nutritional status in cancer patients is associated with a higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome, providing preliminary information on post-COVID-19 syndrome in this population. These findings underscore the importance of adequate nutritional management in cancer patients, particularly during pandemic recurrences.

A Novel Machine-Learning Algorithm to Predict the Early Termination of Nutrition Support Team Follow-Up in Hospitalized Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

For hospitalized adults, it is important to initiate the early reintroduction of oral food in accordance with nutrition support team guidelines. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a machine learning-based algorithm that predicts the early termination of medical nutritional therapy (the transition to oral feeding). This retrospective cohort study included consecutive adult patients admitted to the Hacettepe hospital (from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022). The outcome of the study was the prediction of an early transition to adequate oral feeding before discharge. The dataset was randomly (70/30) divided into training and test datasets. We used six ML algorithms with multiple features to construct prediction models. ML model performance was measured according to the accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and F1 score. We used the Boruta Method to determine the important features and interpret the selected features. A total of 2298 adult inpatients who were followed by a nutrition support team for medical nutritional therapy were included. Patients received parenteral nutrition (1471/2298, 64.01%), enteral nutrition (717/2298, 31.2%), or supplemental parenteral nutrition (110/2298, 4.79%). The median (interquartile range) Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) score was 5 (1). Six prediction algorithms were used, and the artificial neural network and elastic net models achieved the greatest area under the ROC in all outcomes (AUC = 0.770). Ranked by z-value, the 10 most important features in predicting an early transition to oral feeding in the artificial neural network and elastic net algorithms were parenteral nutrition, surgical wards, surgical outcomes, enteral nutrition, age, supplemental parenteral nutrition, digestive system diseases, gastrointestinal complications, NRS-2002, and impaired consciousness. We developed machine learning models for the prediction of an early transition to oral feeding before discharge. Overall, there was no discernible superiority among the models. Nevertheless, the artificial neural network and elastic net methods provided the highest AUC values. Since the machine learning model is interpretable, it can enable clinicians to better comprehend the features underlying the outcomes. Our study could support personalized treatment and nutritional follow-up strategies in clinical decision making for the prediction of an early transition to oral feeding in hospitalized adult patients.

Nutritional status affects immune function and exacerbates the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis.

To comprehensively evaluate the association and impact of nutritional status and immune function on the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 952 participants who were diagnosed with active PTB. Severe PTB involves three or more lung field infections based on chest radiography. Nutritional status was evaluated using various indicators, including body mass index (BMI), the nutritional risk screening score (NRS-2002), total protein (TP), prealbumin (PA), transferrin (TRF), and serum albumin (ALB) levels and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Immune dysfunction was defined as a CD4+ count <500 cells/µl or a CD4+/CD8+ ratio <1. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were also calculated. Multivariate logistic and generalized linear regression were used to assess the associations between nutritional status, immune function, the severity of PTB, and the number of infected lung fields, adjusting for age, sex, and diabetes. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the extent to which immune function mediated the impact of nutritional status on the severity of PTB. Sensitivity analysis was performed to enhance the robustness of the results. Compared to those in the general PTB group, patients in the severe PTB group tended to be older men with diabetes. Higher nutritional risk, higher proportion of immune dysfunction and lower lymphocyte counts were observed in the severe group. BMI and the PNI were found to be protective factors, while PLR was identified as a risk factor for disease severity. Immune dysfunction and the PLR are mediators of the relationship between nutritional status and PTB severity. When BMI, the PNI, and the PLR were combined with traditional clinical indicators, these parameters showed promising diagnostic value, and the AUC reached 0.701 (95% CI: 0.668-0.734). The findings suggest that nutritional status is significantly associated with the severity of PTB, and immune function mediates the effects of nutritional status on the severity of PTB. Maintaining adequate BMI, PNI levels, and immune function or reducing PLR levels helps reduce the risk of severe PTB.

Analysis of Grip Strength and Its Explanatory Factors in Older Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumours.

To investigate the grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours and analyse its explanatory factors. A total of 170 older patients with gastrointestinal tumours admitted to the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of a Grade-III hospital in the Zhejiang province from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the investigation participants. Among them, there were 102 cases of gastric cancer (60.0%) and 68 cases of colon cancer (40.0%). There were 110 male patients (64.7%) and 60 female patients (35.3%), with patient ages ranging between 64 and 82 years old. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general data questionnaire, grip apparatus and the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the explanatory factors on the grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours. The grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours was 25.3±5.3 kg. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, disease, body mass index (BMI), albumin concentration and the NRS-2002 score were the main explanatory factors on grip strength (P<0.05). Grip strength was lower in older patients with gastrointestinal tumours and was lower in females, those aged ≥70 years, patients with colorectal cancer, individuals with a BMI of <18.5, those with an albumin concentration of <35g/l and those with an NRS2002 score of ≥3. Clinical staff should dynamically evaluate the level of grip strength in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and develop individualized interventions based on the related explanatory factors.

Effectiveness and safety of combined nimotuzumab and S-1 chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer in malnourished and elderly patients: A prospective phase II study.

Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is the standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, this treatment is associated with substantial toxicity, and most malnourished or elderly patients are unable to complete this therapy. Therefore, there is a need for a more suitable radiotherapy combination regimen for this population. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen comprising chemotherapy with nimotuzumab and S-1 and concurrent radiotherapy for patients with fragile locally advanced esophageal cancer with a high Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score. Eligible patients with unresectable esophageal carcinoma who had an NRS-2002 score of 2 or higher were enrolled. They were treated with S-1 and nimotuzumab with concurrent radiotherapy, followed by surgery or definitive radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was the locoregional control (LRC) rate. A total of 55 patients who met the study criteria were enrolled. After completion of treatment, surgery was performed in 15 patients and radiotherapy was continued in 40 patients. The median follow-up period was 33.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 31.4-35.1)] months. The LRC rate was 77.2% (95% CI, 66.6%-89.4%) at 1 year in the entire population. The overall survival (OS) rate and event-free survival (EFS) rate were 57.5% and 51.5% at 3 years, respectively. Surgery was associated with better LRC [hazard ratio (HR)=0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.70; P=0.015], OS (HR=0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.80; P=0.024), and EFS (HR=0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.75; P=0.013). Most adverse events were of grade 1 or 2, and no severe adverse events occurred. For malnourished or elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, radiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab and S-1 is effective and has a good safety profile.

Associations of Preoperative Nutritional Status and Sarcopenia With Mortality in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm After Open and Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Retrospective Study

Objective: The effect of preoperative malnutrition and sarcopenia on outcomes in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) after open (OSR) and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EAR) are undefined. We conducted the study to address this issue in this population. DesignRetrospective observational study. SettingA large tertiary hospital. ParticipantsPatients with AAA who underwent OSR and EVAR. InterventionsEvaluation of nutritional status [Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) scores], muscle size (skeletal muscle index, SMI) and postoperative parameters. Measurements and main results199 patients were reviewed from January 2020 to December 2022. Patients are categorized into group A (CONUT < 4) and group B (CONUT ≥ 4) based on whether their CONUT scores are less than 4. The mortality (P = 0.004) and the incidence of Clavien-Dindo class III complications (P = 0.007) in Group B were higher than those in group A. CONUT score was an independent risk factor for mid-term mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.329; 95% CI, 1.104-1.697; P = 0.002) and Clavien-Dindo class III complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.225; 95% CI, 1.012-1.482; P = 0.037) according to univariate and multivariate analyses, whereas NRS2002 score and sarcopenia were not. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a lower mid-term survival rate in Group B (log-rank P < 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with AAA undergoing OSR or EVAR, CONUT score ≥ 4 was associated with increased Clavien-Dindo class III complications and mortality. Preoperative nutritional status should be evaluated and optimized in this high-risk population.

Malnutrition prevalence in cancer patients in Belgium: The ONCOCARE study

RationaleUnintentional weight loss and malnutrition are common among cancer patients. Malnutrition has been associated with impaired health-related quality of life, less well-tolerated chemotherapy regimens and shorter life duration. In Belgium there is a lack of epidemiological data on malnutrition in oncology patients at advanced stages of the disease.MethodsMalnutrition assessment data was collected through a prospective, observational study in 328 patients who started a neoadjuvant anticancer therapy regimen or who started 1st, 2nd or 3rd line anticancer therapy for a metastatic cancer via 3 visits according to regular clinical practice (baseline visit (BV) maximum 4 weeks before start therapy, 1st Follow up visit (FUV1) ± 6 weeks after start therapy, FUV2 ± 4 months after start therapy). Malnutrition screening was evaluated using the Nutritional Risk Screening score 2002 (NRS-2002)and the diagnosis of malnutrition by the GLIM criteria. In addition, SARC-F questionnaire and Fearon criteria were used respectively to screen for sarcopenia and cachexia.ResultsPrevalence of malnutrition risk at BV was high: 54.5% of the patients had a NRS ≥ 3 (NRS 2002) and increased during the study period (FUV1: 73.2%, FUV2: 70.1%). Prevalence of malnutrition based on physician subjective assessment (PSA) remained stable over the study period but was much lower compared to NRS results (14.0%—16.5%). At BV, only 10% of the patients got a nutrition plan and 43.9% received ≤ 70% of nutritional needs, percentage increased during FU period (FUV1: 68.4%, FUV2: 67.6%). Prevalence of sarcopenia and cachexia were respectively 12.4% and 38.1% at BV and without significant variation during the study period, but higher than assessed by PSA (11.6% and 6.7% respectively). Figures were also higher compared to PSA. There were modifications in cancer treatment at FUV1 (25.2%) and at FUV2 (50.8%). The main reasons for these modifications at FUV1 were adverse events and tolerability. Patient reported daily questionnaires of food intake showed early nutritional deficits, preceding clinical signs of malnutrition, and therefore can be very useful in the ambulatory setting.ConclusionsPrevalence of malnutrition and cachexia was high in advanced cancer patients and underestimated by physician assessment. Earlier and rigorous detection of nutritional deficit and adjusted nutritional intake could lead to improved clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Reporting of daily caloric intake by patients was also very helpful with regards to nutritional assessment.

Impairment of Nutritional Status and Quality of Life Following Minimal-Invasive Esophagectomy-A Prospective Cohort Analysis.

Minimal-invasive resection of the esophagus for esophageal cancer has led to a relevant decrease in postoperative morbidity. Postoperatively, patients still suffer from surgical and adjuvant therapy-related symptoms impairing nutrition and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and associated symptoms six months after esophagectomy. Patients who attended follow-up examination six months after minimal-invasive esophagectomy were included. Blood and fecal tests, quality of life surveys (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OG25) and nutritional risk screening (NRS) were performed. Twenty-four patients participated. The mean weight loss was 11 kg. A significant decrease in vitamin B12 (737 to 467 pg/mL; p = 0.033), ferritin (302 to 126 ng/mL; p = 0.012) and haptoglobin (227 to 152 mg/dL; p = 0.025) was found. In total, 47% of the patients had an impaired pancreatic function (fecal elastase < 500 µg/g). Physical (72 to 58; p = 0.034) and social functioning (67 to 40; p = 0.022) was significantly diminished, while self-reported global health status remained stable (52 to 54). The number of patients screened and found to be in need of nutritional support according to NRS score decreased slightly (59% to 52%). After MIE, patients should be meticulously monitored for nutritional status after surgery.

Symptom clusters and nutritional status in primary liver cancer patients receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

Introduction: symptom clusters (SCs) are highly prevalent among patients diagnosed with primary liver cancer. Malnutrition poses a heightened risk for a more pronounced total symptom cluster score. Objective: this study aimed to identify SCs and assess the nutritional status of patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Furthermore, it aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status and symptom clusters. Methods: primary liver cancer patients who were scheduled to receive TACE were recruited. Symptoms data were collected using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C) and the Symptom Module specific to Primary Cancer (TSM-PLC). Nutritional assessment relied on the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) and blood biochemistry. The SCs were extracted using exploratory factor analysis, while the relationship between SCs and nutritional status was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: the study included 226 patients, four distinct symptom clusters emerged: emotional-psychological symptom cluster, upper gastrointestinal symptom cluster, post-embolization-related symptom cluster, and liver function impairment symptom cluster. 68.14 % of patients were found to be at high risk of malnutrition. Our study revealed significant differences in Scs scores between patients at risk of malnutrition and those without such risk (p < 0.050). Notably, we observed a positive correlation between NRS-2002 scores and the scores of all symptom clusters (r = 0.205 to 0.419, p < 0.001), while a negative correlation was observed between prealbumin levels and the scores of all symptom clusters (r = -0.183 to -0.454, p < 0.001). Conclusion: the study highlights the high risk of malnutrition among liver cancer patients receiving TACE and the positive correlation between high malnutrition risk and Scs scores.

Association between nutritional status assessed by a digital self-administered tool (R+ dietitian) and clinicopathologic factors in cancer patients: A comprehensive analysis.

Malnutrition is prevalent among cancer patients, smartphone-based self-administered nutritional assessment tools offer a promising solution for effective nutritional screening. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the relationships between nutritional status evaluated by the digital tool (R+ Dietitian) and clinicopathologic factors of cancer patients. Cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two subgroups based on age, Nutritional Risk Screening-2002, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form, body mass index, and hospital stays for comparison. Correlation and regression analysis were used to comprehensively assess the relationship between nutritional status and clinicopathologic factors. A total of 535 hospitalized cancer patients (58.32 ± 11.24 years old) were recruited. Patients identified with nutritional risk assessed by R+ Dietitian were significantly older, had lower body weight, lower body mass index, greater weight loss, and longer hospital stays (all of above, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that serum prealbumin concentration (odds ratio: 0.992, 95% confidence interval: 0.987-0.997, P = 0.001), weight loss (odds ratio: 7.309, 95% confidence interval: 4.026-13.270, P < 0.001), and body mass index < 18.5 (odds ratio: 5.882, 95% confidence interval: 2.695-12.821, P < 0.001) predicted nutritional risk indicated by Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 score ≥3. Hemoglobin concentration (odds ratio: 0.983, 95% confidence interval: 0.970-0.996, P = 0.011), weight (odds ratio: 1.111, 95% confidence interval: 1.056-1.169, P < 0.001), weight loss (odds ratio: 7.502, 95% confidence interval: 4.394-12.810, P < 0.001), body mass index (odds ratio: 0.661, 95% confidence interval: 0.564-0.775, P < 0.001), and energy intake (odds ratio: 0.996, 95% confidence interval: 0.995-0.997, P < 0.001) predicted nutritional risk indicated by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form score ≥4. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form scores ≥3 (b = 2.032, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with longer hospital stays. The nutritional risks assessed by R+ Dietitian accurately reflected the characteristics of malnutrition in cancer patients and predicted hospital stay and cost, indicating the applicability of R+ Dietitian to improving the efficiency of nutritional management for cancer patients.

The application of cluster nursing to prevent bacterial pneumonia in stroke patients in neurology department

The research aims to explore the intervention effect of cluster nursing methods on bacterial pneumonia in stroke patients in neurology. A retrospective analysis is conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with stroke in the hospital from 2020 to 2022, who are diagnosed as stroke patients in the neurology department by doctors. 120 patients are randomly separated into a control group (CG) and a research group (RG) for the experiment, with 60 people in each group. The CG receive normal nursing; The RG adopt cluster nursing methods. Comparison have done in the general information, nursing satisfaction, physical improvement after intervention, and oral hygiene indicators of the 2 groups of patients, and the intervention effect of the 2 nursing methods on patients suffering from bacterial pneumonia is evaluated. When the time reached the 7th day, the nutritional risk screening scores of both groups were (9.53 ± 2.29) and (8.10 ± 2.12), respectively. The serum albumin levels were (36.46 ± 4.80) g/L and (34.16 ± 3.69) g/L, respectively. After simultaneous nursing intervention, there were P &lt; .005 in respiratory rates in the 2nd and 4th months of intervention, as well as after the completion of nursing intervention. The respiratory rates of the RG patients improved toward a larger range of normal respiratory rates, with significant statistical significance (P &lt; .005). As time passed, the number of people with shortness of breath in the CG increased sharply to 46, while those in the RG was only 27, indicating P &lt; .05 between the 2 groups. At the beginning of the 3rd month, the satisfaction rates of the RG and the CG were (92.33 ± 1.17)% and (78.18 ± 1.07)%, respectively, and there was P &lt; .0.05 between the 2 groups of data. The cluster nursing strategy has a significant relieving effect on bacterial pneumonia in stroke patients in the neurology department, which can effectively reduce the probability of pneumonia, improve their physical condition, and enhance their quality of life. It has certain clinical application value.

Revisiting the nutritional risk screening (NRS) score: need for adaptation to predict treatment response. a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Revisiting the nutritional risk screening (NRS) score: need for adaptation to predict treatment response. a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Biceps brachii muscle cross-sectional area measured by ultrasonography is independently associated with one-month mortality: A prospective observational study.

Studies examining mortality in palliative care units are limited. We aimed to investigate the mortality and associated factors including ultrasonographic muscle parameters in hospitalized palliative patients with a subgroup analysis of older patients. A prospective-observational study. We recorded the demographics, number of diseases, diagnoses, and the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), palliative performance scale (PPS), and nutritional risk screening-2002 (NRS-2002) scores. We noted the nutritional parameters and mortality. We measured the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), muscle thickness (MT), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the rectus femoris and biceps brachii using ultrasonography. We enrolled 100 patients (mean age: 73.2 ± 16.4 years, 53%: female). One-month mortality was 42%. The non-survivors had significantly higher malignancy, increased CCI and NRS-2002 scores, lower required energy intake, calorie sufficiency rate, and biceps brachii SFT, MT, and CSA than the survivors. The independent mortality predictors were malignancy and biceps brachii CSA while the PPS score and malignancy were significantly associated with mortality in the older subgroup. The malignancy and biceps brachii CSA might have prognostic value in predicting mortality in palliative patients. This was the first study investigating the mortality-associated factors including ultrasonographic muscle measurements of both the lower and upper limbs in a palliative care center.

Association of Malnutrition Diagnosed Using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria with Severe Postoperative Complications After Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between malnutrition assessed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and the occurrence of severe postoperative complications (SPCs) after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 220 patients with gastric cancer were included in this retrospective study. According to the GLIM criteria, the first step was to use the Nutrition Risk Screening Score 2002 to conduct nutritional risk screening for patients and the second step was to diagnose and grade the severity of malnutrition in patients at risk of malnutrition. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, SPCs were defined as C-D Grade IIIa or higher. Results: Overall, 66 (30.0%) patients were diagnosed with malnutrition, including 32 (14.5%) with moderate malnutrition and 34 (15.5%) with severe malnutrition. The incidence of SPCs was 14.5%, and the most frequent postoperative event was anastomotic leakage. In the multivariate regression analysis, malnutrition was considered an independent risk factor for SPCs (P < .001). After adjusting for various factors, the grading association remained statistically significant. Compared with patients with normal nutrition, patients with moderate and severe malnutrition have a nearly 15-fold (OR = 15.682, 95% CI: 4.481-54.877, P < .001) and 20-fold (OR = 20.554, 95% CI: 5.771-73.202, P < .001) increased risk of developing SPCs, respectively. Conclusions: Malnutrition assessed by GLIM was an independent risk factor for SPCs in gastric cancer patients. Therefore, early identification of malnourished patients is crucial for timely implementation of nutritional treatment and reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (DM-PTB): A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

A high incidence of depression has been reported in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (DM-PTB). However, the association between depression and DM-PTB is poorly understood and requires further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and the associated factors in patients with DM-PTB. A cross-sectional study was conducted among DM-PTB patients at the Tuberculosis Department of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, China, enrolled between June 2021 and October 2021. The depression status, nutritional status, and the quality of life of the patients were evaluated using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002), and Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases-Pulmonary Tuberculosis (QLICD-PT), respectively. A total number of 280 DM-PTB patients were screened, of whom 22 were excluded for missing data. Among the 258 DM-PTB patients subjected to analysis, 199 patients (77.13%) had PHQ-9 scores above 10. The patients with depression are more likely to have a lower monthly income, body mass index (BMI), and QLICD-PT than those without depression. The NRS2002 score and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) levels in the depression group were more likely to be higher than those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that physical function [OR = 0.798, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.716-0.889, P < 0.001] was a protective factor against depression, whereas NRS2002 ≥ 3 (OR = 2.299, 95% CI, 1.095-4.825, P = 0.028), GPT (OR = 1.048, 95% CI, 1.018-1.079, P = 0.002), and social function (OR = 1.103, 95% CI, 1.033-1.179, P = 0.004) were risk factors of depression. Depression in DM-PTB patients may be associated with monthly income, BMI, QLICD-PT scores, NRS2002 scores, GPT, and GOT levels.

Prediction of In-Hospital Falls Using NRS, PACD Score and FallRS: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Harmful in-hospital falls with subsequent injuries often cause longer stays and subsequently higher costs. Early identification of fall risk may help in establishing preventive strategies. To assess the predictive ability of different clinical scores including the Post-acute care discharge (PACD) score and nutritional risk screening score (NRS), and to develop a new fall risk score (FallRS). A retrospective cohort study of medical in-patients of a Swiss tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to March 2022. We tested the ability of the PACD score, NRS and FallRS to predict a fall by using the area under curve (AUC). Adult patients with a length of stay of ≥ 2 days were eligible. We included 19,270 admissions (43% females; median age, 71) of which 528 admissions (2.74%) had at least one fall during the hospital stay. The AUC varied between 0.61 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55-0.66) for the NRS and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.64-0.75) for the PACD score. The combined FallRS score had a slightly better AUC of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.65-0.75) but was more laborious to compute than the two other scores. At a cutoff of 13 points, the FallRS had a specificity of 77% and a sensitivity of 49% in predicting falls. We found that the scores focusing on different aspects of clinical care predicted the risk of falls with fair accuracy. A reliable score with which to predict falls could help in establishing preventive strategies for reducing in-hospital falls. Whether or not the scores presented have better predictive ability than more specific fall scores do will need to be validated in a prospective study.

Elevation of preoperative serum hs-CRP is an independent risk factor for malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer.

Recent studies have reported hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) linked to clinicopathological characteristics and nutritional status of the tumor, but its clinical significance in GC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative serum hs-CRP level and clinicopathological features and nutritional status in gastric cancer (GC) patients. The clinical data of 628 GC patients who met the study criteria were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative serum hs-CRP level was divided into two groups (<1 mg/L and ≥1 mg/L) to evaluate clinical indicators. Nutritional Risk Screening and nutritional assessment of GC patients were performed by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), respectively. The data were subjected to chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. The analysis of 628 GC cases revealed that 338 patients (53.8%) were on malnutrition risk(NRS2002≥3 points), and 526(83.8%) had suspected/moderate to severe malnutrition(PG-SGA≥ 2 points). Preoperative serum hs-CRP level was significantly correlated with age, tumor maximum diameter (TMD), peripheral nerve invasion (PNI), lymph-vascular invasion (LVI), depth of tumor invasion (DTI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), pTNM stage, body weight loss (BWL), body mass index (BMI), NRS2002 score, PG-SGA grade, hemoglobin (HB), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB) and total lymphocyte count (TLC). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hs-CRP (OR=1.814, 95%CI=1.174-2.803; P=0.007), age, ALB, BMI, BWL and TMD were independent risk factors for existing malnutritional risk in GC. Similarly, non-malnutrition and suspected/moderate to severe malnutrition groups presented that hs-CRP (OR=3.346, 95%CI=1.833-6.122; P< 0.001), age, HB, ALB, BMI and BWL were independent risk factors for malnutrition in GC. In addition to the generally used nutritional evaluation indicators such as age, ALB, BMI, and BWL, the hs-CRP level may be used as a nutritional screening and evaluation indicator for GC patients.

A Prospective Study of Nurse-Led Oral Mucositis Management: Impact on Health Outcomes of Patients Receiving Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer and Lung Cancer

ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the impact of nurse-led mucositis management on the health outcomes of patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer and lung cancer. The study adopted a holistic approach that involved the patient in the care process by screening, providing education and counseling about mucositis management and integrating it into daily life by the radiotherapy nurse. Data SourcesIn this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, 27 patients were assessed and monitored through use of the WHO Oral Toxicity Scale and Oral Mucositis Follow-up Form and educated on mucositis during their radiotherapy through use of the Mucositis Prevention and Care Guide. At the end of radiotherapy, an evaluation of the radiotherapy process was performed. In this study, each patient was followed for 6 weeks from the start of radiotherapy. ConclusionThe worst clinical data for oral mucositis and its variables emerged at week 6 of treatment. While the Nutrition Risk Screening score increased over time, weight decreased was observed to decrease. The mean stress level was 4.74 ± 0.33 in the first week and 5.77 ± 0.35 in the last week. It was observed that 88.9% of the patients showed good compliance with the treatment. Implications for Nursing PracticeNurse-led mucositis management contributes to better patient outcomes during the radiotherapy process. Such an approach improves oral care management in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck and lung cancer, demonstrating its positive impact on additional patient-focused outcomes.

Rectus abdominis and rectus femoris muscle thickness in determining nutritional risk in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study in Turkey

ObjectivesMalnutrition is a clinical condition that is frequently seen in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although there are many scoring systems and tools used to determine...