Associations of Preoperative Nutritional Status and Sarcopenia With Mortality in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm After Open and Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objective: The effect of preoperative malnutrition and sarcopenia on outcomes in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) after open (OSR) and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EAR) are undefined. We conducted the study to address this issue in this population. DesignRetrospective observational study. SettingA large tertiary hospital. ParticipantsPatients with AAA who underwent OSR and EVAR. InterventionsEvaluation of nutritional status [Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) scores], muscle size (skeletal muscle index, SMI) and postoperative parameters. Measurements and main results199 patients were reviewed from January 2020 to December 2022. Patients are categorized into group A (CONUT < 4) and group B (CONUT ≥ 4) based on whether their CONUT scores are less than 4. The mortality (P = 0.004) and the incidence of Clavien-Dindo class III complications (P = 0.007) in Group B were higher than those in group A. CONUT score was an independent risk factor for mid-term mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.329; 95% CI, 1.104-1.697; P = 0.002) and Clavien-Dindo class III complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.225; 95% CI, 1.012-1.482; P = 0.037) according to univariate and multivariate analyses, whereas NRS2002 score and sarcopenia were not. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a lower mid-term survival rate in Group B (log-rank P < 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with AAA undergoing OSR or EVAR, CONUT score ≥ 4 was associated with increased Clavien-Dindo class III complications and mortality. Preoperative nutritional status should be evaluated and optimized in this high-risk population.