Background: Nutrition is undoubtedly the single most important aspect of managing any sheep flock. Both performance and health are directly impacted by the nutritional status of the ewe; if nutrition is suboptimal this can lead to health being compromised and performance reduced. Many health challenges can be attributed to poor nutrition, with energy and protein deficits being the most common issues. Early recognition of suboptimal nutrition is an essential skill for maintaining the overall health and performance of the flock.Aim of the article: This article aims to upskill practitioners so that they can recognise the importance of optimal nutrition and the consequences of poor feeding, and provide them with the tools to work with their clients to improve flock performance through good management.