Provision Of Nutrition Research Articles

Toward the Limits of Human Ageing Physiology: Characteristics of the 50-, 60- and 70-yr + Male Indoor Rowing World Champions.

To examine the physiological, power-duration, nutritional intake and training characteristics of the recent lightweight (- 75 kg) 50+, 60+ and 70 + yr world champion indoor rowers. Laboratory assessments, undertaken over 2 visits, examined body composition, pulmonary function, blood lactate/ventilatory landmarks, efficiency, fat/carbohydrate oxidation, primary component time-constant to steady-state [𝜏pc]) and peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak). Training, performance and nutritional intake were also reported. The athletes' world championship 2000 m times were 06:34.8, 06:44.0 and 07:15.2, respectively. Their training distribution could be considered pyramidal, with ≈65% in the moderate domain, ≈30% in heavy/severe domains and ≈5% in the extreme domain (rowing ≈67 km.week-1). The athletes demonstrated highly-developed attributes such as fat free mass (FFM; [63.4 to 68.1 kg]), forced vital capacity (4.9 to 5.5 L), 𝜏PC; [13.8 to 17.4 s]), peak power output (550 to 797 W), V̇O2peak (56.2 to 44.7 mL.kg.min-1) and critical power (217 to 288 W). Comparisons with young Olympic champion rowers suggest that age-related 2000 m performance mean power declines of -21.6 to -41.4% in world champions ≈25-, 35-, and 45-years older may be predominantly driven by 'central' factors (e.g., V̇O2peak, critical power; -18.1 to -43.8%). In contrast, 'peripheral' factors (e.g., gross efficiency, τPC; +6.1 to -25.1%) seem to display notable preservation despite ageing, aligning closely with values seen in young Olympic champions. These results challenge conventional perspectives of age-related physiological capacities and decline trajectories. They also suggest that, commensurate with adequate training and nutritional provision, various physiologic systems can exhibit remarkable adaptability and sustain exceptionally high function during ageing. Finally, large differences among the athletes' power-duration and physiological characteristics imply that achieving world-class rowing performance can be predicated by diverse cardiovascular, metabolic and neuromuscular attributes.

Efektifitas Tindakan Keperawatan Dalam Pemberian Nutrisi Enteral Antara Metode Intermittent Feeding Terhadap Pasien Di Ruangan Icu Rumah Sakit Makassar Sulawesi Selatan

Enteral nutrition is a therapy of providing nutrition through the digestive tract using a special tube (feeding tube). The method of administration can be through the nose-stomach (nasogastric tube) or nose-intestine (nasoduodenal tube or nasojejunal route). Enteral nutrition can also be done by bolus or infusion through an enteral infusion pump. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of enteral nutrition. The methods used were intermittent feeding and gravity drip on the volume of gastric residue in critical patients. The results showed that the provision of enteral nutrition using the intermittent feeding method was proven to be more effective so that the provision of enteral nutrition using the intermittent feeding method can be an option in providing enteral nutrition to critical patients. The conclusion is that the intermittent feeding method helps meet the nutritional needs of critical patients in the ICU.

Provision of proper nutrition for prisoners of war

This article focuses on analyzing the issue of ensuring adequate nutrition for prisoners of war amid the armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine. Compliance with international humanitarian standards, particularly the 1949 Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War, is a critical aspect of humane treatment for individuals held in captivity. Providing prisoners of war with sufficient, high-quality, and diverse nutrition aims to support their health and prevent diseases associated with nutrient deficiencies. The article examines the regulatory and legal aspects of organizing nutrition for prisoners of war in Ukraine according to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 413, which establishes clear rules for the detention of prisoners of war, including their diet. Special attention is given to analyzing nutrition standards for different categories of prisoners of war based on their physical condition and workload, including those engaged in heavy labor and those undergoing medical treatment. The article also addresses standards for providing prisoners with drinking water and the organization of three hot meals per day. It explores the specifics of supplying special dietary meals to prisoners with medical needs. Additionally, the article analyzes practical aspects of involving prisoners of war in meal preparation as a means of supporting social connections and adapting to detention conditions. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the existing nutrition system for prisoners of war in Ukraine and its compliance with international humanitarian law standards. The authors emphasize the need to improve the regulatory framework and infrastructural conditions to ensure humane treatment of prisoners of war in accordance with the requirements of the Geneva Convention and recommendations of international organizations.

Nutrition provision over time in longer stay critically ill patients: A post hoc analysis of The Augmented vs Routine Approach to Giving Energy Trial.

Limited literature exists on nutrition practices for long-stay patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to compare nutrition practices in the first and second weeks of an ICU admission. A post hoc exploratory analysis of The Augmented vs Routine Approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were: enrolled in TARGET on day 1 or 2 of ICU admission and ICU length of stay (LOS) >14 days. Clinical characteristics are described, and nutrition delivery and management compared between days 1-7 and 8-14. Data are n (%), mean ± SD, median (interquartile range [IQR]), or mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), with P < 0.05 considered significant. Data from 664 patients were analyzed (56.2 ± 16.3 years; 61% male; body mass index 29.2 ± 7.5 kg/m2 and APACHE II 21.9 ± 8.1). When comparing days 1-7 to 8-14: (1) energy delivery was greater (all sources: 1826 ± 603 vs 1729 ± 689 (MD: 97 [95% CI: 52-140] kcal/day, P < 0.001) and nonnutrition sources: 317 ± 230 vs 192 ± 197 (MD 125 [95% CI: 111-139] kcal/day; P < 0.001); (2) protein delivery was similar (66 ± 20 vs 68 ± 24 (MD: -1.4 [95% CI: -3.2 to 0.4] g/day; P = 0.125]); and (3) fewer patients received parenteral nutrition (PN) (5% vs 9%, P < 0.001) or small intestine feeding (3% vs 8%; P < 0.001). In this post hoc analysis, patients with an ICU LOS >14 days had greater energy delivery and fewer patients received PN or small intestine feeding during days 1-7 than days 8-14. Uncertainty remains regarding whether these data reflect usual practice and the clinical implications of this.

Management of Quadruplet Infants at the General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia: A Case Report

Multiple pregnancies with more than two fetuses significantly increase maternal and infant complications. Almost all multiple pregnancies with more than two fetuses result in preterm birth. Prematurity is the main consequence of multiple pregnancies with more than two fetuses. Early provision of optimal nutrition is crucial for the growth and immunity of premature infants. We report our first-hand experience as the primary referral hospital in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, in providing multidisciplinary care for the birth of quadruplet premature infants. A 39-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, living 2, nulliparous, was referred to the General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province from Bima District Hospital due to a quadruplet pregnancy at 28-29 weeks gestation. A multidisciplinary team consisting of obstetricians, pediatricians, and nurses was assembled. All four infants were diagnosed with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and immediately transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Premature infants received parenteral and enteral nutrition support. Family-centered care approach was implemented for the care of the premature infants and their families. All infants were discharged at 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Spontaneous quadruplet pregnancies are rare cases, and this particular case represents the first experience of our hospital in managing quadruplet infants. A well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach, coupled with good preparedness for delivery, is essential and has proven to yield favorable outcomes for both the mother and the infants.

Dissemination patterns and functional role of a symbiotic bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Phytoseiulus persimilis.

Symbiotic bacteria play a crucial role in various facets of host biology and physiology. The development and utilization of symbiotic bacteria in insects show promising potential for enhancing their reproduction, temperature tolerance, resistances to pathogens and insecticides. However, limited research has been conducted on symbiotic bacteria in predatory mites. In Phytoseiulus persimilis, we successfully cultivated a strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which has been noted for its significant contributions to pathogen control, pesticide and toxin resistance, and nutrition provision in some insect species. To explore the effect of S. maltophilia and its potential application on predatory mites, we fed S. maltophilia to P. persimilis and evaluated the transmission dynamics within mite generations. We examined its impacts on predator fitness and resistances to pesticides, pathogens, and starvation. The results showed that the S. maltophilia content in the offspring increased by 12.91 times when gravid mites were fed with the bacterial solution. P. persimilis that consumed prey treated with S. maltophilia showed a 25.20-fold increase in microbial content. Mating with treated males did not affect microbial levels in females. Moreover, S. maltophilia did not cause any discernible effect on the fitness of P. persimilis, including survival, developmental duration, fecundity, and longevity. Notably, it was found to improve P. persimilis survival following exposure to the pathogen Acaricomes phytoseiuli, resulting in a reduction of mortality by 20% compared to the control. This study serves as a foundational step for further utilization of beneficial microbes to improve the efficacy of predatory mite biological control.

Nutrition delivery during hospitalisation after critical illness in Australia and New Zealand: a multicentre, prospective observational study.

Energy and protein provision for critically ill patients who receive oral nutrition often falls below recommended targets. We compared characteristics and nutrition processes during hospital stay (within and post-intensive care unit [ICU] stay) of those who received oral nutrition as the sole nutrition source to those who first commenced enteral (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN) within an Australian or New Zealand (ANZ) ICU. Multicentre, observational study of routine nutrition care in 44 hospitals across ANZ, including adult patients within ICU admitted for at least 48 h. Those receiving oral nutrition as the sole source of nutrition (with or without oral nutrition supplements) were included in the 'oral nutrition' group and those who first received EN and/or PN in the ICU as the 'EN/PN group'. The primary outcome was median daily energy delivery in ICU. Data are presented as number (%) or median [interquartile range]. Of the 409 patients enroled, median [IQR] age was 64 [51-74] years and 257 patients (62%) were male. APACHE II score, use of invasive ventilation and hospital length of stay (LOS) were all lower in those receiving oral nutrition (n = 200) compared to those receiving EN/PN (n = 209). In ICU, 63 (31.5%) and 169 (81%) (p < 0.001), patients who were receiving oral nutrition and in the EN/PN group received a nutrition assessment, respectively. Oral nutrition supplements were provided for 40 (20%) patients in the oral nutrition group and 31 of 94 (33%) of those receiving oral nutrition in the EN/PN group (p = 0.019). Energy and protein intake in ICU for the oral nutrition group was 716 [597-1069] kcal/day and 37 [19-46] g/day versus 1158 [664-1583] kcal/day and 57 [31-77] g/day for those receiving EN/PN (p = 0.020 energy, p = 0.016 protein). Quantification of oral nutrition was attempted in 78/294 (27%) patients in ICU and completed on 27/78 (36%) occasions. On the ward, attempts were made for 120/273 (44%) patients, with 60/120 (50%) complete. Patients who received oral nutrition as the sole nutrition source in ICU had lower illness severity, rates of nutrition assessment and provision of oral supplements compared to those who first received EN/PN. Quantification of oral nutrition was often incomplete for all patients in ICU and on the ward.

Circadian Rhythms, Feeding Patterns, and Metabolic Regulation: Implications for Critical Care.

Endogenous biological rhythms synchronise human physiology with daily cycles of light-dark, wake-sleep, feeding-fasting. Proper circadian alignment is crucial for physiological function, reflected in the rhythmic expression of molecular clock genes in various tissues, especially in skeletal muscle. Circadian disruption, such as misaligned feeding, dysregulates metabolism and increases the risk of metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes. Such disturbances are common in critically ill patients, especially those who rely on enteral nutrition. Whilst continuous provision of enteral nutrition is currently the most common practice in ciritical care, this is largely dictated by convenience rather than evidence. Conversely, some findings indicate that that intermittent provision of enteral nutrition aligned with daylight may better support physiological functions and improve clinical/metabolic outcomes. However, there is a critical need for studies of skeletal muscle responses to acutely divergent feeding patterns, in addition to complementary translational research to map tissue-level physiology to whole-body and clinical outcomes.

Retrospective evaluation of enteral nutrition supplementation in 295 hospitalized dogs and cats (2014-2023).

The goal of this study was to describe clinical and hospital-related factors associated with time to feeding tube placement in hospitalized dogs and cats. This was a retrospective study from January 2014 through December 2023. Medical records at an academic veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed for small animal patients in the ICU with nasogastric or esophageal feeding tube placement for enteral nutrition due to inadequate food intake during hospitalization. Patients with feeding tubes placed prophylactically at hospital admission for surgery or physical inability to eat were excluded. Factors associated with placement including species, disease, inappetence, nutritional plans, and medical record recording of caloric intake were reviewed. 295 patients (89 cats and 206 dogs) were included. Median duration of hospitalization prior to feeding tube placement was 2 days (0 to 17 days) and was shorter in cats. Weekend admission and initial placement of an esophageal tube were associated with increased time to placement. Adequate feeding instructions were provided for only 53 of 295 patients (18%) and associated with both higher likelihood of having caloric intake recorded (OR, 10.30) and earlier feeding tube placement. Provision of enteral nutrition occurred later than recommended by nutritional guidelines in many hospitalized patients. Clinician inclusion of specific diet instructions, weekday admission, and initial nasogastric tube placement reduced this duration. Multiple factors may impact timely provision of nutrition in hospitalized dogs and cats. Close attention to energy requirements and exact food intake should be considered to optimize patient nutritional care.

Supplementation with a Whey Protein Concentrate Enriched in Bovine Milk Exosomes Improves Longitudinal Growth and Supports Bone Health During Catch-Up Growth in Rats.

Undernutrition impairs linear growth while restoration of nutritional provisions leads to accelerated growth patterns. However, the composition of the nutrition provided is key to facilitating effective catch-up growth without compromising bone quantity, quality, and long-term health. We evaluated the role of a whey protein concentrate enriched in bovine milk exosomes (BMEs) in modulating the proliferative properties of human chondrocytes in vitro and studied how these effects might impact bone quantity and quality measured as longitudinal tibia growth, bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), and trabecular micro-CT parameters in stunted rats during catch-up growth. BMEs promoted proliferation in C28/I2 human chondrocytes mediated by mTOR-Akt signaling. In a stunting rat model, two-week supplementation with BMEs during refeeding was associated with improved tibia BMD, trabecular microstructure (trabecular number (Tb. N.) and space (Tb. Sp.)), and a more active growth plate (higher volume, surface, and thickness) compared to non-supplemented stunted rats. Positive effects on physis translated to significantly longer tibias without compromising bone quality when extending the refeeding period for another two weeks. Overall, BME supplementation positively contributed to longitudinal bone growth and improved bone quantity and quality during catch-up growth. These findings might be relevant for improving diets aimed at addressing the nutritional needs of children undergoing undernutrition during early life.

Professional Male Soccer Players' Perspectives of the Nutrition Culture Within an English Premier League Football Club: A Qualitative Exploration Using Bourdieu's Concepts of Habitus, Capital and Field.

Professional soccer players' self-reported dietary intakes often do not meet recommended sport nutrition guidelines. Although behaviour change models have previously explored barriers and enablers to nutritional adherence, the cultural factors influencing players' nutritional habits also warrant investigation. Accordingly, we aimed to explore players' perceptions of the nutrition culture within the professional soccer environment. An interpretivist paradigm, which emphasises that reality is subjectively and socially constructed, underpins this study. Qualitative, face-to-face semi-structured interviews (comprising open-ended questions) were conducted with purposively sampled male soccer players from the English Premier League (EPL) (five British, five migrant; mean age: 26 ± 6years; mean EPL appearances: 106 ± 129). Data were abductively analysed using thematic analysis according to Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital, field and doxa practices. This study revealed five key themes: (1) players' habitus, as shaped by familial, ethnic and religious backgrounds, influences their dietary habits; (2) social capital, via managers (head coaches), teammates and online influences, impact players' dietary practices; (3) the increase in both soccer clubs' and players' economic capitals has advanced nutrition provision; (4) an unequal distribution of economic capitals has led to hierarchical practice in the performance nutrition field with personalised nutrition being somewhat enacted at the higher levels; and (5) body composition measurement is a 'doxic' practice in professional soccer that warrants challenge. Soccer players' habitual nutritional practices are influenced by personal upbringing and the club context, including economic resources and social capital from managers. The performance nutrition field within professional soccer is also shaped by stakeholders' doxic beliefs surrounding the perceived optimal body composition of players, with managers exerting social capital.

“Mr. Smith Has No Mealtimes”: Minimal Comfort Feeding for Patients with Advanced Dementia

While Comfort Feeding Only is appropriate for patients with advanced dementia, its emphasis on assiduous hand-feeding that may prolong life for years fails to accommodate the preferences of those who do not want to continue living with this illness. Some have proposed advance directives to completely halt the provision of oral nutrition and hydration once a person has reached an advanced stage of dementia. However, these directives may fail to address patients’ discomfort, caregivers’ obligations, or current care and regulatory standards when patients reside in facilities. In response to these dilemmas, we introduce Minimal Comfort Feeding (MCF). Rather than offering food and liquids proactively as with Comfort Feeding Only, caregivers provide nutrition and hydration only in response to signs of hunger and thirst. While further study is required to define and negotiate challenges in operationalizing this approach, MCF provides a framework that resolves competing ethical and clinical considerations in caring for those with advanced dementia.

The Relationship between Formula Milk Supplementation and the Nutritional Status of Low Birth Weight Infants at the Age of 0-6 Months at the Makassar City Health Center in 2020-2022

Low birth weight (LBW) are babies born weighing less than 2,500 grams or also known as low birth weight infants (LBWI). There are several problems that can be caused to babies with low birth weight (&lt;2,500 grams), namely hypothermia, digestive disorders, lung development disorders, immunological disorders, immature liver, immature kidneys, and hypoglycemia. The maturity of the function of the digestive tract in babies born with normal weight is certainly different from babies born with low birth weight, so that the provision of nutrition to babies born with normal weight will also be different from the provision of nutrition to LBW babies. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between giving formula milk supplementation and the nutritional status of babies with a history of LBW at the age of 0-6 months at the Makassar City Health Center in 2020-2022. This type of research is quantitative analytic research with the research approach used is cross sectional. The sampling method is a purposive sampling technique of 160 samples. The research results show chi square found the p-value is 0.001 (p&lt;0.05) on BB/U and PB/U, on BB/PB, with a value chi square got 0.080. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between giving formula milk supplementation and the nutritional status of BB/U and PB/U, but there is no relationship between BB/PB of low birth weight babies at the age of 0-6 months at the Makassar City Health Center in 2020-2022.

Nutrition support in children discharged from the pediatric intensive care unit: A bi-national prospective cohort study (ePICUre).

The role of nutrition in the recovery of critically ill children has not been investigated and current nutrition provision in the post-pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) period is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to describe ward nutrition support in children following PICU discharge. Children up to 18 years admitted to one of nine PICUs over a 2-week period with a length of stay >48 h were enrolled. Data were collected on the first full ward day following PICU discharge and on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 following PICU admission. Data points included oral intake, enteral (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) support, and oral and EN energy and protein provision. Among the 108 children, on the first full ward day 75/108 (69%) children received EN, 54/108 (50%) oral intake, and 8/108 (7%) PN. Of those receiving oral nutrition only on the first full ward day (25/108; 23%), 9/25 (36%) received <50% of their estimated energy and protein requirements. Of those provided EN only, and where nutrition targets were known, on the first full ward day 8/46 (17%) and 7/46 (15%) met <75% of their estimated energy and protein requirements, respectively. On Day 28, this increased to 4/12 (33%) and 5/12 (42%). In this study of ward-based nutrition support, key findings included consistent use of EN and PN up to at least 28 days following PICU admission, and a high proportion of children receiving EN or oral intake only not meeting their estimated energy and protein requirements.

When parenteral nutrition is the answer: The case of pediatric intestinal rehabilitation.

In pediatric patients with intestinal failure, parenteral nutrition is lifesaving but also has several associated risks. The goals of intestinal rehabilitation include promoting growth, minimizing complications associated with intestinal failure, and reaching enteral autonomy, if possible. Pediatric intestinal rehabilitation programs are interdisciplinary teams that strive to provide optimal care for children dependent on parenteral nutrition. The provision of parenteral nutrition requires close monitoring of patients' growth, nutrition concerns, clinical status, and laboratory parameters. Recent advances in the field of intestinal rehabilitation include new lipid emulsions, considerations regarding enteral feeding, advances in micronutrient provision, and central venous catheter preservation techniques. Challenges in the field remain, including improving overall quality of life with home parenteral nutrition administration and preventing recently recognized complications such as chronic intestinal inflammation.

Proper Nutritional Care and Growth and development Stimulation for Premature Children

Premature children, or those born before 37 weeks of gestation, are at high risk of experiencing health problems and developmental delays. Proper nutritional care is essential to support their physical growth and cognitive development. Adequate nutrition can help overcome malnutrition that is often experienced by premature children, which can affect long-term health. In addition, growth and development stimulation through social interaction and physical activity also plays an important role in increasing the developmental potential of premature children. This study aims to explore the importance of proper nutritional care and growth and development stimulation in premature children. This study uses a qualitative research method. The data collection technique in this study was through literature studies. The data that has been collected was then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the care of premature infants should begin with the provision of appropriate nutrition. This nutrition comes from breast milk, however, to meet the nutritional needs of premature infants, especially those who are very premature and have very low birth weight, breast milk alone is insufficient, so special formulas such as FSMP premature are needed. In addition, optimal nutritional care needs to be balanced with proper growth and development stimulation. Stimulation in premature babies can be done through various methods, such as physical contact, sound, sight, and movement. The role of parents is very important in supporting children's development, so they need to get accurate information about the appropriate care and types of stimulation.

The role of early aggressive nutrition on growth of very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Background Very preterm infants (&lt;32 weeks gestational age) are at high risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Early aggressive parenteral nutrition (protein ³ 2g/kg/day) can reduce the incidence of malnutrition in very preterm infants. At present, Fatmawati General Hospital does not have a standard nutritional protocol for preterm infant. Objective To determine the difference in growth (days to regain birth weight and growth velocity) of very preterm (&lt;32 weeks gestational age) or very low birth weight (VLBW) (&lt;1500g) infants who were born and hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit of Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta, before and after applying early aggressive parenteral nutrition using a nutrition protocol from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 23 very preterm or VLBW infants in the Neonatal Unit of Fatmawati General Hospital, from July to November 2019. Control group data were taken from medical records of very preterm or VLBW babies discharged from our unit from January 2018 – to June 2019 and compared to those of the intervention group. Results The intervention group regained their birth weight significantly faster than the control group [mean 7.43 (SD 3.5) vs. 16.73 (SD 5.1) days, respectively; (P=0.00)]. Mean growth velocity was also significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group [14.6 (SD 6.0) vs. 8.9 (SD 6.9) gram/kg/day, respectively; (P=0.002)]. Conclusion Provision of early aggressive parenteral nutrition reduces the time to regain birth weight and leads to higher growth velocity in very preterm/VLBW infants.

Recommendations on the surveillance and supplementation of vitamins and minerals for upper gastrointestinal cancer survivors: a scoping review.

Early-stage upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer patients, after surgery, have altered gastrointestinal functions, compromising their nutritional status and health outcomes. Nutritional care provision to UGI survivors rarely focuses on long-term survivorship. Here, we explore recommendations for surveillance of micronutrient deficiency and supplementation for UGI cancer survivors after surgery. A scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Six databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and PsycINFO) and 21 cancer-related organisation websites were searched. Publications between 2010 and March 2024 with recommendations aimed at adult UGI cancer (oesophageal, gastric, pancreatic, small bowel, and biliary tract) survivors were included. Twenty-six publications met the selection criteria: 11 reviews (8 narrative reviews, 2 systematic, 1 meta-analysis), 7 expert opinions, 6 guidelines, and 2 consensus papers. Twenty-two publications recommended monitoring of micronutrient deficiencies, and 23 suggested supplementation, with 8 lacking details. Most were targeted at patients with gastric cancer (n = 19), followed by pancreatic cancer (n = 7) and oesophageal cancer (n = 3) with none for biliary tract and small bowel cancers. Vitamin B12 and iron were the most consistently recommended micronutrients across the three tumour groups. Limited publications recommend surveillance of micronutrient status in UGI cancer survivors during the survivorship phase, especially for oesophageal and pancreatic cancer survivors; most were narrative reviews. These recommendations lacked details, and information was inconsistent. Long-term UGI cancer survivors are at risk of micronutrient deficiency after surgery. A standardised approach to prevent, monitor, and treat micronutrient deficiencies is needed.

Edukasi Pedoman Makan “Isi Piringku” untuk Gizi Seimbang pada Balita

Toddlers are very vulnerable to nutritional problems. Malnutrition or stunting in Banten in 2022 is 20%, not yet reaching the 2024 RPJMN target of 14%. One way to prevent malnutrition for toddlers is by increasing the knowledge of mothers or caregivers regarding balanced nutrition and eating guidelines. The aim of this community service is expected to provide education to mothers in providing food to toddlers with balanced nutrition in each portion of their meal. This community service method is through outreach by delivering material and direct interaction, using leaflets, posters and flip sheets. The activity was carried out at Posyandu Anggrek 2 in the Cipondoh Tangerang Community Health Center Working Area for 21 mothers who had toddlers. The results show that the majority of mothers of toddlers have attended nutritional guideline education but still need ongoing information to optimize the provision of balanced nutrition to their toddlers. Education is emphasized on the menu for each item on my plate according to the child's age. After the education was carried out, the knowledge of mothers of toddlers increased, marked by the ability to answer post-counseling evaluation questions

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Advice and a Combined Approach for Addressing Impending Stunting in Infants: A Clinical Trial.

Weight faltering (WF) has been associated with stunting and with long-term adverse consequences for health and development. Nutritional care for managing WF may consist of giving nutritional advice (NA) and/or provision of oral nutrition supplements (ONSs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate practical management options in the community for infants with WF aged 6-12 months. This nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted in the community of Makassar, South Sulawesi, from March 2022 to March 2023. A total of 1013 infants were enrolled for screening. Anthropometric measures were performed in 913 infants, of which 170 showed WF below the 15th percentile of the WHO weight increment table without stunting. Infants with a weight increment below P5th were assigned to receive NA plus ONS, while infants between P5th and below P15th were assigned to receive only NA. At the second and third months, ONSs were administered to WF infants who were below P15th. One month after the intervention, 87/105 infants in the NA-plus-ONS group (82.8%) and 52/65 infants in the NA-only group (80%) were no longer WF. After 3 months, infants in the NA-plus-ONS group achieved greater weight gain than infants in the NA group (264.1 g vs. 137.4 g, p < 0.001) as well as greater length gain (2.35 cm vs. 2.14 cm, p < 0.001). WF management should be started at below P15th to achieve a better result. Infants with greater nutritional deficits should be assigned to receive the combination of NA plus ONSs to achieve a higher rate of resolution of growth.