Nusselt Number Profiles Research Articles

Catalytic effects on peristaltic flow of Jeffrey fluid through a flexible porous duct under oblique magnetic field: Application in biomimetic pumps for hazardous materials

Homogenous and heterogeneous reactions play an essential role in polymer production, combustion, ceramic production, catalysis, distillation, and biochemical procedures. As a result of this advancement, a mathematical model is developed to examine the role of catalytic chemical reaction effects on the magneto-hydrodynamic peristaltic transport in a flexible divergent duct containing a non-deformable porous medium as a model for complex hazardous waste bio-inspired pumping mechanisms. The Jeffrey model is utilized to simulate strong non-Newtonian characteristics. Additional multi-physical features included in the model are heat generation, thermal radiation, Hall current, and complaint wall properties along with an inclined (oblique) magnetic field. The long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations are deployed to transform the primitive conservation equations from a moving boundary problem to a fixed frame. Appropriate transformations are then utilized to render the model dimensionless. The exact solutions are obtained for stream function and velocity. Further, the R-K-Fehlberg integration scheme is applied to solve the energy and concentration equations. Velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and Nusselt number profiles are visualized graphically. Streamline patterns are also included to capture bolus dynamics. Validation with previous simpler studies has been included. A detailed appraisal of key control parameters on transport characteristics is conducted. It is found that velocity is suppressed with elevation in the damping force parameter while it is enhanced with an increment in regime permeability i. e. Darcy number. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions are observed to exert a significant impact on the species concentration. The volume of the trapped fluid bolus size is shown to be an increasing function of the peristaltic wave amplitude ratio. The present work generalizes existing studies to consider catalytic effects on dissipative peristaltic pumping of the Jeffrey fluid with heat generation and radiative flux, aspects which have been neglected in a single model previously. The simulations are relevant to better characterize the complex transport phenomena in nuclear reactor waste transport via biologically inspired pumping designs.

An Analytical Study of the Impact of an Inclined Magnetic Field on Couette Flow with Jeffrey Fluid under Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) and Viscous Dissipation

In this work, we examine the effects of viscous dissipation and local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) on Couette flow in a duct filled with a porous media under the influence of an angled magnetic field. The bottom plate of the duct is in motion and subjected to a constant heat flux, while the top plate remains stationary and adiabatic. The Jeffrey fluid flow model is consistent with the unidirectional flow in the porous zone. The studies provide more precise measurements of the effects of the Jeffrey parameter (λ), inclined angle (ϕ), Hartmann number (MW), thermal conductivity ratio (ν), Brinkman number (BrW), and Biot number (BiW) on improving heat transmission. The governing equations are solved analytically. The present investigation gives dimensionless temperatures for fluid-solid phases and fully developed Nusselt number (FDNN) profiles. Variation of Jeffrey parameter, inclined angle, Brinkman number, and Hartman number in the temperature field in both phases and FDNN. Furthermore, the temperature in the solid phase is higher than the temperature in the fluid phase for the Jeffrey parameter and Hartman number in the Couette flow, which supports LTNE validation.

Analytical and numerical investigation of heat transfer of porous fin in a local thermal non-equilibrium state

This research employs a local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model to analyze the heat transfer phenomenon through a porous fin, considering natural convection and radiation effects. The infiltration velocity within the porous medium is evaluated using the Darcy model, and buoyancy effects are accounted for using the Boussinesq approximation. The Akbari-Ganji method (AGM) is applied to address the governing energy equations. The accuracy of the proposed solution is verified by comparing it with numerical results obtained from the finite difference method (FDM), the finite element method (FEM), and earlier investigations. The results are presented regarding the total average Nusselt number and temperature profiles. These results shed light on the influence of several important parameters, such as the thermal conductivity ratio, dimensionless thickness, convectional heat transfer, and external and internal radiation. The analysis reveals that decreasing Rayleigh and Biot numbers reduces the temperature profiles of the solid phase. Additionally, when the Rayleigh number is low but the assigned Biot number is high, the temperature difference between the solid and fluid phases diminishes. Furthermore, increased thermal conductivity ratio and dimensionless thickness for assigned Biot and Rayleigh numbers lead to higher solid phase temperatures. The Nusselt number exhibits a decreasing trend with a decreasing thermal conductivity ratio but increases with higher Rayleigh and Biot numbers and increased external radiation.

Analysis of mixed convective stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid over sheet with variable thermal conductivity and slip Conditions: A Model-Based study

This research looks at the stagnation point flow of MHD Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid against a permeable, vertically extending surface that uses thermal radiation and how different models of thermal conductivity affect it. This study is unique because it looks at how changes in thermal conductivity, mixed convection, and the slip velocity of hybrid nanofluids affect the stretching surface. It also looks at how changes in temperature, skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and velocity affect convective thermal boundary conditions. With the use of boundary layer approximations, the complicated system of PDEs is simplified. The dimensionality of these PDEs and the boundary conditions they include are eliminated by applying certain modifications. Combining a local non-similarity approach up to the second truncation level with MATLAB's built-in finite difference code (bvp4c), one can obtain the results of the updated model. The research demonstrates and analyzes the impact of different factors on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the studied flow situations. This is done by comparing the computed data with available literature and presenting the findings in graphical form. Tables are generated to present the numerical fluctuations of the drag coefficient and Nusselt number. This study shows how important thermal conductivity is in the mixed convection of hybrid nanofluids and looks into what happens when the thermal conductivity parameter is changed. Significantly, an augmentation in this parameter results in an elevation in the temperature distribution of the hybrid nanofluid while simultaneously reducing the rate of heat transfer across various models. Furthermore, increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction parameter leads to higher temperature and Nusselt number profiles while reducing skin friction. The mixed convection parameter has a notable impact on increasing the friction coefficient on the stretched vertical surface. However, because these elements function as regulating variables, it decreases when the magnetic, mass suction, and velocity slip parameters are present. The results also demonstrate notable discrepancies in the mean Nusselt values generated by various thermal conductivity models. According to the analysis, the Hamilton-Crosser model has the lowest average Nusselt numbers, followed by the Yamada-Ota model and the Xue model, in that order.

Magnetic field effect on mixed convection flow inside an oval-shaped annulus enclosure filled by a non-Newtonian nanofluid

The phenomenon of flow around a static or rotating circular cylinder has significant applications in various engineering fields, such as building, bridge, and structure engineering. It can be used to control flow-induced vibration, blowing or suction, moving surfaces, acoustic thriller, and synthetic jet. Additionally, there is a need to enhance heat transfer rates in many life and industrial applications, including cavity shape enhancement, heating or cooling spread inside a cavity, heat dissipation in electronic devices, thermal mixing in storage units, solar collectors, desalination, and journal bearing lubrication. This study explores the effect of a horizontal magnetic field and a rotating inner circular cylinder on mixed convection within a two-dimensional oval-shaped enclosure filled with a non-Newtonian nanofluid. The Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) is utilized for analysis, with the enclosure undergoing differential heating and cooling on the inner cylinder wall and the enclosure wall, respectively. The nanofluid consists of water infused with copper nanoparticles. The study explores various simulation parameters, including the Richardson number (Ri), Hartmann number (Ha), the inclination angle of the enclosure (β), power-law index (n), circle center eccentricity (e), and nanoparticles volume fraction (φ). It has been observed that as the Ha and n index increase for different Ri values, a wavy trend in local Nusselt number (Nu) profiles along the heat source surface is observed. Additionally, the heat transfer rate decreases with increasing Ri for various combinations of Ha and n index. Under specific conditions, such as Ri = 0.001, Ha = 60, e = 0, φ = 0.09, and β = 90, the results show that, compared to a Newtonian fluid (n = 1), the heat transfer rate exhibits percentage gains of approximately 6.31% for a pseudo-plastic fluid (n = 0.6) and 8.47% for a Dilatant fluid (n = 1.4). The convective heat transfer was significantly enhanced when the eccentricity of the cylinder was positioned in the lower or upper regions of the oval-shaped enclosure, particularly at e = - 0.3. The highest heat transfer rates were observed at β = 60 and 240.

Numeričko ispitivanje prenosa toplote prirodnom konvekcijom korišćenjem nanofluida TiO₂/Al₂O₃-voda

Recently, nanofluids have been used as an alternative in several industries to improve the heat transfer process. This paper focuses on the numerical modeling of the performance of the natural convection process through TiO₂/Al₂O₃-water nanofluids in a square cavity containing a heated block. The lattice Boltzmann method is used in this study to present the nanofluid heat transfer enhancement. Results are presented in terms of streamlines, isothermal contours, and Nusselt number profiles. The findings demonstrate that by raising the Rayleigh number and solid nanoparticle concentration, the average Nusselt number increases, and they reveal that the heated block enormously affects the flow structure and heat transfer. It is also demonstrated that the type of nanoparticles significantly impacts the natural convection heat transfer.

Inclined Magnetic Field on Mixed Convection Darcy–Forchheimer Maxwell Nanofluid Flow Over a Permeable Stretching Sheet With Variable Thermal Conductivity: The Numerical Approach

The behavior of a Maxwell nanofluid in mixed convection Darcy–Forchheimer inclined MHD flow across a stretched sheet is investigated in this research study. In order to analyze heat and mass transfer, the inquiry takes into account a number of variables, including the magnetic field, variable thermal conductivity, activation energy, suction/injection, and nonlinear thermal radiation. The controlling nonlinear PDEs with BCs are converted via similarity transformation into nonlinear ODEs in order to solve the ensuing nonlinear ODEs. These ODEs are then solved using the shooting method and a fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta methodology. The study explores how fluid flow velocity is affected by magnetic field inclination and suction/injection effects. This is attributed to the strengthening of the magnetic field with an increase in the inclination angle α. Additionally, the imposed magnetic field generates an opposing force, known as the Lorentz force, which contributes to a reduction in the velocity curve. Furthermore, various parameters affect the profiles of concentration, temperature, velocity, and Nusselt number. A number of parameters are looked at, such as the response rate constant, mixed convection, buoyancy ratio, suction/injection, Brownian motion, Lewis number, and thermophoresis. Interestingly, the results show that activation energy and mixed convection parameters, respectively, have an increasing effect on concentration and velocity curves.

Nanoparticle aggregation effect over MHD oblique stagnation point flow of the convective surface of nanoliquids

This research could be useful in the construction of heavy power engines and the cooling of nuclear reactors, as well as in the insulation of buildings, the management of petroleum reservoirs, and the production of solar energy collectors. In this study, a numerical model is used to look at the steady, laminar, and incompressible MHD oblique stagnation point flow of nanofluids over a stretched convective surface. It is possible to evaluate nanoparticle aggregation with modified versions of the Krieger-Dougherty and Maxwell-Bruggeman models. Transforming the governing nonlinear PDEs into connected nonlinear ODEs through similarity transformations is necessary. We use a very efficient and precise numerical method to solve these equations. Mathematical implementation of the shooting technique using the Runge-Kutta-IV algorithm. Annotations on graphs illustrate how major physical factors affect the velocity, Nusselt number, streamlines, and temperature profiles. The local skin friction coefficient is tabulated. Velocity and temperature profiles increase with increasing values of stagnation parameters. The rate of heat transfer increases noticeably after incorporating the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. When using the aggregation model, the heat transfer rate is increased by around 0.89%, compared to an increase of about 0.59% when not using the model. These enhancements manifest themselves at a 1% concentration of [Formula: see text] when the parameter [Formula: see text] is set to 0.5. With aggregation effects, ethylene glycol-based fluids performed better than without aggregation in terms of heat transfer rate. Consequently, we are confident in our numerical findings, which match earlier material for the limiting condition.

Heat generation in dual convection Non-Newtonian MHD Darcy's flow with Soret and Dufour effects

Examining the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids in natural environments like rivers and groundwater flow is essential for evaluating their environmental impact. The Soret and Dufour impacts significantly influence the transportation of contaminants and heat within these systems. With this application in mind, this study investigates the impacts of steady-state Soret/Dufour and radiation on a porous perpendicular plate in the context of the Maxwell fluid model. Additionally, the study considers the impact of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and heat generation to provide a comprehensive modeling framework. The similarity technique is employed to transform the partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are subsequently solved numerically using the inbuilt software bvp4c in MATLAB. The study presents graphical representations of Sherwood, skin friction, Nusselt number profiles, momentum, temperature, and concentration contours. These visual representations and tables illustrate the results for various fluid flow parameters, highlighting the influence of different flow characteristics. Key findings of this research include a rise in Nusselt and Sherwood numbers and skin friction with higher radiation values. Furthermore, there is an observed increase in temperature and concentration profiles as the Soret parameter value rises, indicating the significant impact of these parameters on the studied phenomena.

Numerical Investigation of Diffusion Thermo, Hall Current, Activation Energy and Soret of MHD Darcy-Forchheimer Casson Fluid Flow with Inclined Plates

The present article is about the study of Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Casson fluid over a linear stretching surface. Effects like variable Hall current, Diffusion thermo, activation energy and Soret, is also incorporated for the analysis of heat and mass transfer. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with convective boundary conditions are first converted into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the help of similarity transformation, and then the resulting nonlinear ODEs are solved with the help of shooting method. The impact of different physical parameters like Activation energy, Diffusion thermo, Brownian motion, thermophoresis parameter, hall current, magnetic parameter, nonlinear radiative heat flux, Prandtl number, Lewis number, reaction rate constant, on Nusselt number, velocity, temperature and concentration profile has been discussed. It is viewed that the fluid velocity and concentration profile enhance with increasing hall parameter and Activation energy respectively.

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TERNARY HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW OVER A STRETCHING SURFACE SUBJECT TO THERMAL CONVECTIVE AND ZERO MASS FLUX CONDITIONS

Nanoparticles have the capability to augment the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. For the transmission of heat, the material’s low thermal conductivity is the key problem. Therefore, to increase the thermal conductivity, researchers mixed different nanoparticles in the base fluids. In this field of study, utilizing three different particles is the most recent strategy to form a ternary hybrid nanofluid that gives us better results in terms of heat transfer. The interaction of three different kinds of nanoparticles, i.e. copper, alumina and silver, is considered with water serving as the base fluid to form a ternary hybrid nanofluid. The paper explores the behavior of ternary hybrid nanofluids on heat and mass transportation phenomena of the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropolar flow across a porous extending surface with zero mass flux and convective conditions. The Brownian motion, thermal radiation, heat source and sink, and joule heating are taken into consideration in the temperature equation. The chemical reaction is incorporated into the concentration equation. Appropriate similarity transformations are used to transform the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) to a coupled system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to solve the system of the flow equations. The effects of the nanoparticle’s volume fractions and other different physical parameters on the surface drag force, Nusselt number, velocities, microrotation, temperature and concentration profiles are scrutinized through figures and tables. The outcomes of the present investigation show that the heat transfer rate is augmented with the increasing value of thermophoresis parameter. The magnetic field has augmented temperature while the opposite result is seen in velocity and microrotation profiles. With the escalating values of thermophoresis parameter, the concentration and temperature of ternary hybrid nanofluids are boosted while the increasing Brownian and chemical reaction parameters have decreased the concentration profile. The surface friction coefficient exhibited by the ternary hybrid nanofluid is higher than hybrid and conventional nanofluids.

On the entropy analysis and hydrothermal behavior of buoyancy-driven magnetized hybrid nanofluid flow within a semi-circular chamber fitted with a triangular heater: Application to thermal energy storage for energy management

Entropy generation is treated as a noteworthy criterion for effective operation in thermal storage systems. Buoyancy-driven laminar flows within the semi-circular chamber have wide-ranging applications within the aviation industry, solar thermal receivers, heat exchangers, chemical mixing chambers, electronic components, etc. Nanofluids do explore significant heat transport capabilities in industrial, technical, and commercial sectors. The stable dispersion of metallic or oxide tiny nano-level particles and water, named hybrid nanofluids signifies the extended version of classical nanofluids. Hybrid nanofluids reveal superior thermal conductivity and are significantly used as an advanced heat transport medium in thermal storage, solar receiver, electronic cooling, heat pipes, space, biomedical, etc. With such an objective, the performed analysis unfolds the hydrothermal and entropy investigation of magnetically driven buoyancy-induced Al2O3–TiO2–water hybrid nanofluids through a semi-circular chamber having a triangular heater fitted from the bottom wall. The curved periphery is made cold, while the remaining triangular parts and bottom walls are made heated and insulated, respectively. Several triangular-size heaters are set to the lower wall and variations in entropy plus hydrothermal scenario are noted. Leading equations are transferred to dimensionless form using apposite similarity transformation. The Galerkin finite element discretization procedure is merged to execute the numeric simulation. Both numeric and experimental studies are clutched to compare the present result’s accuracy. Various velocities, streamlines, isotherms, Bejan numbers, entropy profiles, and Nusselt number profiles are presented to address the parametric influence of Hartmann numbers, solid particle concentrations, and Rayleigh numbers.

Analytical investigation of MgO–CuO∖H2O, hybrid nanofluid MHD stagnation point flow with the influence of viscous dissipation for enhancement of heat transfer ratio

In this research work, we will carry out analytical investigation of MgO–CuO∖H2O, hybrid nanofluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation point flow with the influence of viscous dissipation for enhancement of heat transfer ratio. The flow system takes into account the impact viscous dissipation and transport dependence on the shape factor. Furthermore, velocity and temperature at the stretching surface are also considered in this study. To convert a collection of PDEs to nonlinear ODEs, we applied appropriate transformations. We utilize the Homotopy analysis method (HAM) to solve this set of equations. A physical description is used to simulate and evaluate the structures of flow features such as velocity, skin friction, Nusselt number and temperature profiles in response to changes in developing factors, the effects of different factors on temperature and velocities are shown in the form of graphs. It is hoped that this theoretical approach would contribute positively to improve the heat transformation ratio to satisfy the demands of the manufacturing and engineering sectors.

Experimental investigation of dual jet flow past a heated surface: Effect of Reynolds number

A dual jet flow comprises a wall jet, discharged immediately parallel to a solid boundary, flowing alongside a parallel jet whose exit is offset from the solid boundary by some distance. Despite the widespread industrial application of dual jet flows, experimental analysis of their flow and heat transfer characteristics is severely underrepresented in the published literature. As a result, the heat transfer capabilities and driving flow mechanisms associated with dual jet flows are not yet fully understood, meaning they cannot be optimised towards specific applications. The present study is thus concerned with characterising the transfer of heat to a dual jet flow for varying Reynolds number through experimental means. Using air as the working fluid, each jet Reynolds number is varied in the range 5500≤Re≤12,000 and the offset ratio and velocity ratio are each maintained at a constant value of 1. A constant heat flux generation of 1670W/m2 is maintained in the bounding wall and the surface Nusselt number distribution is measured using infrared thermography techniques. A distinct Nusselt number profile is observed with respect to downstream distance, which remains consistent regardless of the Reynolds number. The results indicate that increasing Re elevates the Nusselt number proportionally at all downstream locations, where the surface-averaged Nusselt number rises linearly with increasing jet Reynolds number.

Weakly nonlinear instability analysis of triple diffusive convection under internal heat generator and modulated boundaries

A nonlinear instability analysis of triple diffusive convection under the time-dependent heat and mass transfer boundary conditions in the presence of internal heat source is evaluated in this study. On various physical parameters, the momentary behavior of both Sherwood and Nusselt number profiles is examined. In the geometry, we have considered two parallel infinite horizontal plates acting gravity vertically downward z-direction. By using the weakly nonlinear analysis, the Ginzburg–Landau equation is generated for the rate of heat and mass transport. Here, we have considered the temperature and concentration of two solutes. The temperature and first concentration of the solute at the lower plate are higher than the upper plate, while the second concentration of the solute at the upper plate is higher compared to that of the lower plate. According to the different modulation, we have considered four cases based on the phase angle of the modulations. The convective heat and mass transports are measured as a function of the Nusselt number (Nu) and Sherwood number (Sh1 and Sh2) for both the concentration. From the results, it is found that the first Lewis number increases all the considered profiles, while Ri increases the Nusselt number profile only. The principal discovery elucidated by this article resides in the observation that the internal heat source, subject to modulated boundaries, maintains the convective instability if different solutes are used from both ends.

Computation of inclined magnetic field, thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on mixed convective electroconductive nanofluid flow in a rectangular porous enclosure with adiabatic walls and hot slits

This analysis theoretically investigates the transport phenomena of mixed convection flows in an enclosure of rectangular geometry saturated with a permeable medium filled with an electrically conducting nanofluid. An inclined magnetic field is taken into consideration. Buongiorno’s model is utilized to characterize the nanoliquid. The enclosure has adiabatic walls and hot slits. A uniform cold temperature is maintained at the enclosure’s lower and upper walls. The enclosure’s vertical walls are thermally insulated with hot slits at the center of the walls. This kind of analysis on mixed convective, electrically conducting nanofluid flows in enclosures finds applications in smart nanomaterial processing systems and hybrid electromagnetic nanoliquid fuel cells. The Marker-And-Cell (MAC) method is utilized to solve the transformed nondimension system of governing equations subject to the fitted boundary conditions. The effects of key physical parameters on streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentration contour plots and the heat transmission rate are examined. The simulations demonstrate that the Richardson number has a predominant impact on the thermo-solutal features of nanofluid flow in the rectangular enclosure. Variations in magnetic field and buoyancy ratio parameters exert a notable influence on the iso-concentrations and isotherms. An increase in the Darcy number values exhibits a tendency to magnify the local heat transfer rate. Higher Grashof number values reduce the local Nusselt number profiles. The effect of porous parameter is significant in the streamlines, isotherms and iso-concentrations. Thus, the porous medium can significantly control the transport phenomena in the enclosure. The concentration, temperature and velocity contours are strongly modified by the variations in the Grashof number.

A passive control of magnetohydrodynamic flow of a blood‐based Casson hybrid nanofluid over a convectively heated bi‐directional stretching surface

AbstractHybrid nanofluids, which are used in nanotechnology, are advanced fluid classes with enriched thermal properties that produce superior outcomes than nanofluids. There are too many applications of hybrid nanofluids in engineering cosmetics, the automotive industry, the home industry, cancer treatment, textiles, paper plastics, paints, and soaps. The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat transfer rate of magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson hybrid non‐Newtonian nanofluid across an enlarging surface. The current work focuses on magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanoliquid flow across an extending 3‐D sheet. Additionally, zero mass flux and an adequate convective heating procedure are used as boundary conditions in this investigation. Blood serves as the base fluid, into which copper and alumina nanoparticles are dissolved to form a hybrid nanofluid. Adjusting the applicable similarity transformation, the present modeled equations are converted into dimensionless form. The Homotopy analysis approach (HAM) computes the resulting systems and illustrates them graphically to explain the flow behavior at the extending electrically conducting surface. Additionally, for changes in the non‐dimensional physical constraint values, the variations in physical quantities such as the skin friction, temperature, Nusselt number and velocity profiles are explained. The results of the current investigation demonstrated that a magnetic field and a non‐Newtonian parameter reduce the hybrid nanoliquid's velocity. The temperature profile goes up with thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The component of velocity is found to fall as the stretching ratio parameter rises, while the component of velocity in the direction experiences the opposite impact. When the parameters of a chemical reaction are adjusted upwards, the concentration profile deteriorates. It is originated that the rate at which heat is transferred by hybrid nanofluids is significantly more progressive than that of nanofluids.

Entropy generation analysis of CNT‐based nanofluid flows induced by a moving plate

AbstractCarbon nanotubes have garnered considerable interest from academia and industry due to their unique properties and potential applications. This study examines fluid flow induced by a plate moving at a constant velocity towards/receding from normal stagnation point flow. The plate's surface is immersed with ethylene glycol and two types of carbon nanotubes: single‐walled and multi‐walled. The Reynolds number, proportional to the plate's velocity, governs the flow. Thermal transport analysis includes Ohmic heating, heat source/sink effects for constant wall temperature and prescribed surface temperature, and entropy generation analysis. Similarity ansatz is used to obtain non‐dimensional ordinary differential equations, and numerical and asymptotic solutions are computed using MATLAB's bvp4c routine (finite difference‐based approach). By varying the relevant parameters, the study interprets the behavior of entropy generation, Bejan number, skin frictions, Nusselt number, flow, and energy profiles. The numerical solutions are observed to match their asymptotic behaviors within an intermediate range of small and large Reynolds numbers for the wall stress parameter. The magnetic parameter produces a resistive force that reduces fluid flow but enhances the system's energy. Moreover, understanding the flow and heat transfer characteristics of CNT‐based nanofluids induced by a moving plate can provide insights into the design and optimization of thermal systems, including efficient heat exchangers used in power generation, chemical, and petrochemical industries.

Finite elements simulation MHD free convection in a rectangular embedded corrugated rods cavity filled with CuO/water nanofluid

The convective heat transfer and fluid is investigated in a rectangle chamber along with corrugated heated rods. For preferable novelties, this study considered porous media, micropolar fluid and an inclined magnetic field effect. The physical illustrations of nanofluid flow is assimilated in terms of differential equations. We use the finite element approach to tackle the fluid flow and heat transfer in rectangular chamber. Flow regulating parameters are Rayleigh number, Darcy number and Hartman number. The horizontal and vertical velocities and temperature distribution are provided through the use of contour plots and line graphs. The results show that heat transmission rates increase due to the increasing values of Hartmann number. Because Lorentz forces are resistive, the velocity profile tends to flatten down as long as Hartman number increases. The Nusselt number and velocity profile have greater values around the heat boundaries.

Hydrothermal study on nano-bioconvective fluid flow over a vertical plate under the effect of magnetic field

The surprising importance of nanoparticles and microorganisms in energy production, pharmaceuticals, and cooling applications has made us investigate them further. This study has produced encouraging results that could potentially be applied to enhance heat dissipation in large-scale technological processes. In this study, the vertical bioconvective flow of nanofluid-containing microorganisms was analyzed. Parameters Incorporated within the equations are magnetic field, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. Using similarity parameters, ODE (Ordinary Differential Equation) equations derived from partial derivative equations for continuity, momentum, energy, nanofluid concentration, and microorganisms’ concentration. Implementing similarity measures allows for transforming a set of partial differential equations into a regular differential pattern. Fifth-order Runge-Kutta was then utilized to solve the equations. The influence of the magnetic field on various profiles of velocity, temperature, nanofluid concentration, microorganism concentration, Nusselt number, and skin friction was studied for various values. The results show that when α rises, and Ha remains the same, F ′ ( ξ ) and θ ( ξ ) fall, during x ( ξ ) and ϕ ( ξ ) grow. Furthermore, a significant result is that a thermophoresis parameter exerts a force on neighboring particles, which causes them to shift from a hot zone to a cool region, and the density of microorganisms inside a region rises as the thermophoresis parameter grows.