Intern Nurses Research Articles

NURSE INTERNS SATISFACTION WITH THE CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY.

01Jun 2019 NURSE INTERNS SATISFACTION WITH THE CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY. Simon Nderitu Githui and Winfred Muringi Wambui. Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing P.O. Box Private BagKimathi, Nyeri.

Learning Motivation and Self-Rated Anxiety: Nurse Interns' perspectives

Learning Motivation and Self-Rated Anxiety: Nurse Interns' perspectives

Survey to evaluate quality of cancer patient care: A questionnaire based analysis in a tertiary hospital.

e18320 Background: As the burden of cancer is on the rise, there is a need to understand the logistics in caring for cancer patients. Internists and nurses are integral part of cancer care team, alongside oncologists. Our aim was to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice in order to identify areas of strength and limitation to help devise opportunities to enhance care. Methods: A close ended cross-sectional survey was conducted among internal medicine physicians, residents and nurses. We developed 36 questions broadly based on cancer-care and distributed them randomly. Additionally, subjects were asked to list factors limiting their ability to provide effective care. We semi quantitatively graded the depth of awareness amongst participants. A total of 95 health care providers were included in the final analysis. Results: Only 62% of participants were accurate in knowledge based questions. About 57% believed all cancer patients benefit from less aggressive treatment and considered chemotherapy side-effects to be the most common cause of hospitalization. Total of 94% reported effective care coordination by visiting nurses, primary care providers in outpatient settings decrease readmissions. Seventy percent thought a dedicated inpatient service run by Oncologists would be better for cancer patient care, with 96% preferring co-management. Around 80% felt they were better able to manage decompensated heart failure and fulminant liver disease than oncological emergencies like neutropenic fever. All the attendings (100%) were comfortable discussing new cancer diagnosis compared to 65% residents and 60% nurses. However 58% of them would like the health care proxy to be involved in all goals of care decisions, irrespective of patient’s capacity. Conclusions: Surprisingly, the baseline knowledge about cancer-care is suboptimal and there is a significant gap in expected versus real cancer-care delivery. Most commonly encountered factors hindering patient-care were lack of awareness of cancer illness trajectories and unclear goals of care with inter-provider disparities/gaps in understanding them. Initiatives such as targeted education, shared care plan and engaging patients at every step is crucial.

Effectiveness analysis of the application of the WeChat platform combined with the PBL approach in teaching in the operating room

Objective To explore the effectiveness of the WeChat platform combined with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach in teaching interns in the operating room. Methods A total of 42 intern nurses working in the operating room of Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province in 2016 were selected as the control group. The regular teaching mode was adopted. In 2017, a total of 47 intern nurses were selected as the observation group, and the WeChat platform was combined with the PBL approach. We compared the theoretical assessment scores and the basic skill operation assessment scores of the two groups at the end of their internship period. Results The basic theoretical knowledge score of the nurses in the observation group was (95.84±6.83) , the basic skills knowledge score was (93.75±5.37) , and the basic operation assessment score was (93.17±2.83) , which were all higher than the control group and the differences were statistically significant (t=5.379, 6.840, 3.319; P<0.05) . Conclusions The WeChat platform combined with the PBL approach can improve the ability of the nurses to master the basic theoretical knowledge and operational skills in the operating room teaching and contribute to the improvement of the quality of the operating room nursing work. Key words: Intern nurse; WeChat; Problem based learning; Teaching in the operating room

Enhancing Nurse Interns` Competencies at Emergency Units and Its Effect on Their Satisfaction

Successful internship program is fundamental to providing education and training to help the nurse interns make transition from novice to advanced beginner who can demonstrate satisfactory performance and deal with actual and emergency situations before they assume the professional nurses’ roles which will increase their satisfaction. Also, emergency care patients benefit from the attention of nurse interns with a high competence level. Aim of the study: Enhancing nurse interns` competencies at emergency units and its effect on their satisfaction. Design: A quasi experimental design was used in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Emergency Units at Benha University Hospital. Subjects: A convenient sample of 75 nurse interns recruited from the presented units. Tools for data collection: The study tools divided into four tools. Competencies Knowledge Questionnaire, Performance Observational Checklist, Nurse Interns` Attitude Questionnaire and Nurse Interns Satisfaction Questionnaire. The results showed that, there was very highly statistically significant improvement among nurse interns' knowledge, skills and attitude regarding competencies after implementation of the program. There was highly statistical significant improvement in nurse interns` satisfaction level after implementation of the program. As 16.00% of them were satisfied before program implementation which improved to 66.70% immediate post educational program. The study concluded that, the implementation of competencies program was significantly succeeded in enhancing total knowledge, skills and attitude of nurse interns that significantly improves their satisfaction level. The study recommended that, Conducting continuous in-service training and education programs which contribute much to the development of competencies of nurses and nurse interns at the hospital.

Effect of preview-theme-case teaching method on the teaching effect of intern nurses in intensive care unit

目的 预习－主题－案例教学法对重症监护室实习护士教学效果的影响。 方法 选取在永康市第一人民医院重症医学科(ICU)进行实习的护士为研究对象，其中2012－2014年学年的39名实习护士为对照组，2015－2017学年的41名实习护士为观察组。对照组采用传统教学模式，一对一带教模式，观察组以实习大纲为指导，采用预习－主题－案例教学法进行教学。评价两组实习护士期末考核成绩、两组实习护士培训前后的自我效能评分及两组实习护士对培训的满意度。 结果 观察组实习护士患者沟通、护理记录书写、知识点考核以及笔试总成绩高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(t＝6.48、2.67、6.67、9.06，均P<0.05)；观察组实习护士急救、接诊、床边实践及操作总成绩均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(t＝6.11、4.08、5.16、7.45，均P<0.05)；观察组实习护士平时作业成绩、平时总成绩均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(t＝3.60、3.55，均P<0.05)；两组实习护士培训后各项自我效能评定包括自我教育积极性、对自我工作职责的认知，独立学习机工作的能力、质疑性思考能力均有所升高(对照组t＝5.92、9.04、5.41、7.39，均P<0.05；观察组t＝11.63、13.29、4.99、11.85，均P<0.05)，而观察组实习护士各项评分改善较对照组实习护士显著(培训前t＝0.25、0.27、0.46、0.26，P＝0.40，0.39，0.32，0.39，培训后t＝6.13、4.72、5.26、3.93，均P<0.05)，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)；对照组中实习护士总满意度为69.23%；观察组总满意度为92.68%。两组实习护士满意度比较差异有统计学意义(χ2＝28.62，P＝0.00)。 结论 预习－主题－案例教学法对重症监护室实习护士教学效果显著，可提高实习护士对相关知识的掌握程度，并提高自我效能评分及对培训的满意度，因此值得临床教学使用推广。

What influences nursing safety event reporting among nursing interns?: Focus group study

BackgroundNursing safety events involving undergraduate nursing interns often occur but are under-reported. Only a few nursing schools have instituted formal reporting systems. The factors that affect reporting by undergraduate nursing interns are largely unknown. ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the barriers and incentives to nursing safety event reporting by nursing interns. DesignFocus groups were adopted to generate data for qualitative, thematic analyses. SettingsFocus groups were held in intern dormitories during evenings or weekends. ParticipantsPurposive sampling strategies were employed. The participants were undergraduate nursing interns from one medical university in Fuzhou, China. MethodsA total of six focus groups were conducted. Semi-structured questions guided the groups. ResultsThirty-eight undergraduate nursing interns attended the groups. Barriers to nursing safety event reporting had five major themes: “Lack of knowledge,” “Inconvenience of the reporting system,” “Feeling of uncertainty and dishonor,” “No benefit from reporting,” and “Social influence.” Incentives had three major themes: “Nursing safety event education,” “Optimization of the reporting system,” and “Anonymous reporting.” Specific and targeted suggestions were considered, such as education by QQ or WeChat and the use of mobile devices. ConclusionsNursing schools need to establish nursing safety event reporting systems for interns, and this needs to be accomplished in cooperation with teaching hospitals to clarify duties and management responsibilities. Practical and targeted management strategies need to be developed to foster reporting, improve nursing safety culture, and promote hospital quality.

Perceived service quality evaluation of clinical practice teaching based on undergraduate nursing program interns perspective

Objective To understand the status quo of clinical practice teaching quality based on undergraduate nursing program interns perspective, analysis the problems existing in the clinical practice teaching process, provide the basis for next making improvement scheme and measures. Methods Adopt the clinical practice teaching quality gap scale to survey the 82 undergraduate nursing program interns in the tumor affiliated hospital of Harbin medical university, to observe the clinical practice teaching quality score, and adopted the quadrant analysis method to do in-depth analysis of clinical practice teaching quality evaluation factors. Results the overall score of clinical practice teaching quality in a certain Class-three hospital was 74.65 points, responsive dimension was the highest score 81.00 points, assurance dimension was the lowest score 72.30 points. the indexes need to improve were to provide the corresponding channels of consulting for students, training hospital could listen to the opinions of the protection of life and the suggestion; the indexes need to reshape were easy to get teachers′ guidance and help in the internship time, special attention will be given special case for individual nursing students, training hospital introduces many policies as the starting point of the nursing students′ interests. Conclusion The hospital has larger improvement and promotion space on clinical practice teaching quality. Clinical practice teaching quality evaluation based on service quality gap model is helpful that practice hospital targeted to carry out the continuous improvement, enhance the level of practice teaching hospital. Key words: Undergraduate nursing program; Interns; Clinical practice; Perceived service quality evaluation

Problems and Obstacles Facing Nursing Interns and Its Relation to Their Performance at Clinical Setting: A Comparative Study

Nursing interns face multifaceted issues, obstacles, and problems that oblige them to use clinical skills that affect their performance; Some of the intern-nurses expressed anxiety that they had not assumed the opportunity to improve all of the psychomotor skills required to practice efficiently in the clinical setting. Aim: Assess problems and obstacles faced nursing interns and its relation to their performance at the clinical setting. Design: Descriptive, comparative design was used.Setting: Conducted at medical and surgical departments at Benha University Hospital and private Hospitals. Subjects: Convenience sample of nursing interns [150 from Benha University Hospital and 101 nursing interns from private Hospitals.Tools: a) Internship year problems questionnaires b) Nursing interns Obstacles Questionnaire. c) Observation checklist of nursing intern's performance. Results: level of problems occurrence that faced nursing interns during internship year was the average level (65.3%) at Benha University Hospital and Private Hospitals had low level (85.1%) of problems occurrence. Especially the highest mean score of problems dimension were clinical setting; supervision and communication at both hospitals.Additionally there was the highest level of total obstacles present at Benha University were (65.3.%) than private Hospitals that faced nursing interns during internship year. The most common obstacles faced nursing interns were social and cultural obstacles, while economic constraints were the lowest obstacles at the study setting.Finally level of nursing interns performance was satisfactory (84.0%) at private Hospitals and unsatisfactory (36.6%) at Benha University Hospital.More ever performance was higher in private Hospitals than Benha University Hospital. Conclusions: There were positive correlation between problems and obstacles facing nursing interns and there were negative correlation between Problems, obstacles, and nursing intern's performance. Recommendations: Nursing colleges should provide good relationship between faculty and training hospital staff and Preparation of nursing interns through well-organized program, especially the clinical experiences part.

Nursing Students’ Clinical Practice Experience During the Internship Year at Different Hospitals: A Qualitative Study

Background: An internship programme is an important period that enables nursing students to work and function as primary nurses, with three to eight patients per shift, in order to develop their clinical skills by integrating theory with practice and improving their assessment, problem solving, and interpersonal skills. Having undergraduate nursing interns from different colleges in one clinical placement may explain the variation regarding the factors, challenges, and barriers that affect students’ clinical practice during the internship period. Study aim: This study aimed to explore the clinical practice experiences of nursing students doing internship years at different hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Method: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with nursing interns from the Faculty of Nursing at a university in Saudi Arabia, who were doing internship years at different hospitals. The study participants were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected via three semi-structured focus group interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Educational programmes, hospital orientation programmes, and mentorship programmes were all highlighted as the most important influencing factors in the interns’ clinical practice. In addition, unfair treatment, the ignorance of healthcare professionals, and being involved in non-nursing work were highlighted as challenging factors that negatively affected the interns’ clinical practice. Conclusion: There is a need for continuous educational programmes and mentorship programmes to be provided for all nursing interns, in particular by hospital education departments. In addition, a clear job description and list of responsibilities for all nursing interns should be provided at the start of the internship programme in order to prevent interns from being involved in non-nursing work.

The Effects of Self-Compassion Education on the Self-Efficacy of the Clinical Performance of Nursing Students.

Background:The objective of the present research was to assess the influence of self-compassion training on the self-efficacy of clinical performance in nursing students, owing to the significance of proposing novel approaches to ameliorating efficiency in nursing students, underscoring the growth of positive psychologic aspects, such as self-compassion.Materials and Methods:The present study is a field research conducted in 2016 where 52 internship nurses were chosen via simple random sampling and were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control); these two groups were compared in two phases: Prior to and following the intervention. Self-efficacy of clinical performance, as a standard questionnaire, was collected from the samples. Data were analyzed through the use of paired t-test, independent t-test, Chi-square, Mann--Whitney tests.Results:Independent t-test indicated that, compared with the control group, the efficaciousness of students' self-efficacy of clinical performance in the intervention group noticeably increased (t54= 6, p < 0.001).Conclusions:In nursing students, self-compassion training enhances their effective clinical performance.

Investigation and Analysis on the Physical and Mental Health Status of Intern Nurses in a Hospital, Gansu Province

Investigation and Analysis on the Physical and Mental Health Status of Intern Nurses in a Hospital, Gansu Province

İntörn Hemşirelerin Tıbbi Hata Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu araştırma intörn hemşirelik öğrencilerinin tıbbi hata eğilimlerini belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın örneklemini Nisan-Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 164 intörn hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında Özata ve Altunkan (2010) tarafından geliştirilen, 'Hemşirelikte Tıbbi Hataya Eğilim Ölçeği (HTHEÖ)' ve intörn tanıtım formu kullanıldı. Verilerin analizi ortalama ve yüzdelik hesaplamalar ile Kruskal Wallis Testi ve Mann-Whitney U Testi kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan intörn hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 22,40±1,37 olup %71,3'ü kadındır. Öğrencilerin %73,2'si klinik uygulamada ortalama 5-10 arasında hastaya bakım verdiğini, %77,4'ü hasta bakımını hemşire ile birlikte yaptığını, %48,2 si de tıbbi hata ile karşılaştığını ifade etmiştir. HTHEÖ toplam puan ortalaması 212,15±23,92 (min: 126, max: 245) dir. Ölçeğin alt boyut puan ortalamalarının 'İlaç ve Transfüzyon Uygulamaları' alt boyutunda 78,15±9,82, 'Enfeksiyonların Önlenmesi' alt boyutunda 54,44±5,98, 'Düşmelerin Önlenmesi' alt boyutunda 22,06±2,86, 'Hasta İzlemi ve Malzeme- Cihaz Güvenliği' alt boyutunda 36,20±6,37, 'İletişim' alt boyutunda 21,28±3,75 olduğu belirlendi. İntörnlerin cinsiyeti ile HTHEÖ 'iletişim' alt boyutu puan ortalamaları arasında (p: 0,050) ve hasta bakımını hemşireden bağımsız yapma durumları ile 'İlaç ve Transfüzyon Uygulamaları' alt boyutu puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark (p=0,015) saptandı. Sonuç: Araştırma bulgularına göre; intörn hemşirelik öğrencilerinin tıbbi hata yapma eğiliminin düşük olduğu, hasta bakımında ilaç ve transfüzyon uygulamalarını hemşireden bağımsız yapan intörnlerin tıbbi hata eğiliminin hemşire ile birlikte yapan intörnlere göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Hemşirelik eğitiminin intörnlük döneminde öğrencilerin tıbbi hataların önlenmesine yönelik bilgi ve becerilerinin güncellenmesi önerilebilir.

Residência no processo de construção do conhecimento do enfermeiro: motivações e percepções dos residentes

O programa de residência consiste em uma modalidade de ensino de Pós-Graduação Lato sensu, voltada para ás áreas de saúde, sendo uma especialização caracterizada pelo ensino em serviço, oferecendo instruções práticas específicas e direcionadas. A proposta do estudo visa mostrar os sentimentos e vivências de Enfermeiros Residentes e como eles influenciam no processo de formação. Objetivo: Identificar as expectativas, motivações e percepções vivenciadas pelo enfermeiro residente da residência hospitalar com foco em geriatria de um hospital particular do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturadas, com 18 enfermeiros residentes. Resultados: Na análise dos dados emergiram três categorias temáticas: Motivação ao escolher o programa de residência; expectativas ao ingressar no curso e, percepções após o ingresso na residência. Conclusão: Observou-se que muitos são os benefícios ao optar por uma especialização com Modalidade de treinamento em serviço. O estudo mostra que a especialização em forma de residência proporciona ao enfermeiro vivências da realidade, que os capacita e os torna melhor preparados para o mercado de trabalho.

Stressors among Nurse Interns' and Their Perception Regarding Coping Strategies

Background: Stress is seen as a modern society’s illness experienced by professionals from different sectors. It has effects on people’s behaviors, communications and efficiency. Healthcare systems usually provide many stimulus that produce stress especially at the beginning of the nursing career due to the differences between the real world and the ideal world of nursing reality shock (Redhwan,.et al 2009). Aim of this study was to assess the stress levels among nurse interns, determining stressors facing nurse interns from their points of view and investigate nurse interns' perception regarding stress coping strategies. Design: A descriptive design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Ain- Ain-Shams University, El-Demerdash, Pediatrics, and cardiovascular hospitals. Sample: included all the available nurse interns having their training in the aforementioned settings they were 110 nurse interns. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection in this study namely, perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) to assess the stress levels, stressors scale to determine stressors among nurse interns, and Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI) to investigate nurse interns' perception regarding stress coping strategies. Result: the results of this study revealed that the nurse interns had moderate level of stress, and the most stressor experienced by them was stressor from hospital staff and the least one was stressors from taking care of patient, regarding the coping strategies preferred by them avoidance was the most preferred and transference was the least preferred. Conclusion: The results provided valuable information for clinical educators and clinical staff in identifying students’ needs, facilitating their learning in the clinical setting and developing effective interventions to reduce the stress they encounter. Recommendations: it's recommended to provide nurse interns with adequate orientation program in the beginning of their training period to provide guidance and help, supporting them with periodical workshops to improve their skills, and assisting them to overcome any stressors facing them during the internship year.

Occupational stress and stressors experienced by the newly practicing nurses in intensive care units

Background and objective: Nurses working in critical care units face occupational stress particularly in the first six months of their practice; however, research on nurses’ perceived stress during this period is extremely limited. The aim of the study was to assess occupational stress and stressors experienced by the newly practicing nurses in intensive care units (ICUs).Methods: Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative research design. Settings: Four ICUs in a university hospital in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. Participants: A convenient sample of 100 intern nurses who had their first clinical work experience in ICU during the internship. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative survey study conducted in four ICUs in Alexandria university hospital, Egypt. A questionnaire sheet consisting of two parts was used to collect data. Part one is the nursing stress scale and part two is the respondents’ socio-demographic and work-related data. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were used to describe study variables and their associations.Results: All of the studied newly practicing nurses in ICUs experienced either moderate (43%) or high (57%) stress level. There are differences between the perceived stress reported by the studied nurses according to their characteristics (e.g., sex, marital status, having private work). These differences were not statistically significant. Death and dying, workload, and inadequate preparation are the top ranked stressors; average scores are 2.22, 2.20, and 2.13 respectively. In their first two months of experiences, nurses perceived inadequate preparation and death and dying as the highest stressors. This ranking differs among nurses with 3-4 months of experience and nurses with 5-6 months of experience.Conclusions and recommendations: Newly practicing nurses in ICUs face a significant level of stress. Death and dying, workload, and inadequate preparation are the top ranked stressors. Recommendations: Stress-management program must be initiated for new practicing nurses in ICU. Death and dying in ICU are highly needed topics to be embedded into nursing curriculum. Strategies to help graduate nurses cope must be implemented.

Effect of flipped class model based on SPOC in the course ofMedical Nursingteaching

Objective To explore the application of flipped class model based on SPOC in the course of internal medical nursing. Methods Randomly selected from Shanxi University of Medical grade 2014, 206 undergraduate students as the research object. The control group (104) and experimental group (102).The experimental group used flipped class model based on Small Private Online Course (SPOC) teaching method; the control group used the traditional teaching mode. After the end of the course, compared two groups nursing students′ self-regulated learning ability and critical thinking ability whether there are differences by autonomous learning ability scale and Chinese version of critical thinking disposition inventory (CTDI-CV). Results The experimental group students′ theory assessment results, critical thinking ability and self-regulated learning ability were (75.68±9.32), (303.04±16.54), (112.39±11.10) higher than the control group (69.43±11.41), (288.23±15.84), (102.58±9.31), the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.837,3.451,3.512, P<0.05). Conclusions The flipped class model based on SPOC teaching method was better than traditional teaching mode, it improved the students' theory assessment results and self-regulated learning ability and critical thinking ability. Key words: Education, Nursing; small private online course; Flipped Classroom

The effect of web‐based education on the self‐confidence and anxiety levels of paediatric nursing interns in the clinical decision‐making process

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of web‐based teaching on paediatric nursing internship students' self‐confidence and anxiety levels in the clinical decision‐making process. The study sample consisted of 61 students who received internship training in the Pediatric Nursing department. There were 30 students in the control group and 31 students in the experimental group. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form, and nursing anxiety and self‐confidence levels were measured using a clinical decision‐making scale. The data were analysed using a t test, a Mann‐Whitney U test, a correlation analysis, and a regression analysis, along with power and effect size. The self‐confidence scores of the experimental group were higher than the scores of the control group (p &lt; 0.05), and the anxiety scores of the experimental group were lower than the scores of the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The web‐based training program accounted for 17.8% of the change in self‐confidence and 12.8% of the change in anxiety level. Therefore, the web‐based training program was effective in increasing nursing students' self‐confidence levels and decreasing their anxiety levels in the clinical decision‐making process.

Perceptions of confidence among Saudi nursing interns during internship program: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUNDSaudi nursing students are trained in theoretical and clinical nursing competencies for four years before transition to newly graduated nurses through a one-year internship program. The transition period is crucial as nursing students have low confidence without adequate clinical experience.OBJECTIVESValidate and culturally adapt the Arabic version of the Self-Efficacy for Clinical Evaluation Scale (SECS) and explore nursing interns perceived confidence (self-efficacy).DESIGNCross-sectional.SETTINGFour public tertiary training hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.METHODSA survey was conducted among nursing interns. Validity, reliability, and the cultural relevance of the Arabic-translated instrument was determined. Tests for differences and correlations were undertaken.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESPerceived self-efficacy and importance of learning objectives.SAMPLE SIZE300 Saudi nursing interns.RESULTSThe Arabic version of SECS was successfully adapted cross-culturally and was valid. Reliability tests showed Cronbach’s α=.95 for confidence and Cronbach’s α=0.96 for the importance subscales. The overall mean (SD) for perceived confidence and importance of clinical evaluation were 3.7 (0.9) and 4.1 (0.8), respectively. Gender (P<.001), length of internship (P=.009), and training hospital (P<.001) were significantly correlated and had a medium effect size with perceived self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONGaining knowledge that the gender, length of internship and area of training affect the perceptions of the Saudi nursing interns towards self-efficacy can help preceptors formulate better strategies in developing nursing intern competence and gaining self-efficacy as they move from the academic to clinical nursing practice. The knowledge gathered in this study should be beneficial to nursing administrators, faculty, and mentors/preceptors.LIMITATIONSResults may not be generalizable due to the limitations in the setting and there are other factors not included in the study that may have explained variances in perceived self-efficacy.

The study of SALT classification method for health service support in disaster assistance

Objective To study the value of SALT method in disaster assistance. Methods A total of 84 internship nurses from 2015 to 2017 were randomly divided into group SLAT and group START and accepted different classification methods training, then checked under the scene of simulated mass casualty events (car accident and earthquake) and the results of the examination were compared. Results The triage time of the SALT group was (8.00±1.36) min, (23.14±1.95) min, less than (10.05±1.34) min, (25.07±2.22) min in the START group in the car accident scene and the earthquake scene and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6.94, -4.23, P 0.05). The accuracy of the triage in the car accident scene were better than earthquake scenes of the both SALT and START classifications and differences were statistically significant (χ2=10.49, 10.54, P<0.05). The consistency of the SALT classification and the START classification was better (Kappa=0.526, P<0.01). Conclusions The SALT method has the advantages of simple, easy to master, accurate and reliable. It is consistent with the traditional START method, but the time of classification is shorter and recommended to be used in the teaching of disaster medicine and the rescue of real disasters. Key words: Classification; SALT; Disaster assistance; Triage