Preschool Research Articles

Children's health ecology in Molotov city: 1941-1942

The article presents an analysis of the condition of children's healthcare in Molotov city during the Second World War. The authors pay attention to the significant difficulties in protecting the children's health (under one year old): a significant rise in the incidence of childhood infections, malnutrition, incomplete vaccination of children, and a weak level of preventive work. It is emphasized that among nursery and unorganized children respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases were mainly common during the war years: measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, diphtheria. It is concluded that shortage of qualified medical staff, untimely and partial vaccinations, errors in diagnosis and other reasons have led to an increase in morbidity and mortality among children. In addition, the high incidence of infections with high mortality among children was also associated with the weak and unsatisfactory work of children's consultations on the early detection of diseases which hindered timely treatment.

How do nursery teacher view children’s enjoyment and boredom in the lunchtime scene? Focusing on the eating situation in the infant and toddler classes

How do nursery teacher view children’s enjoyment and boredom in the lunchtime scene? Focusing on the eating situation in the infant and toddler classes

The author’s method of painting dialogues as an example of action research. Report of a project carried out with students at the University of Gdansk

As it is widely known, through art we can pour our emotions onto paper, we can paint our fear, our sense of loss, emptiness, suffering, lack. Viewing paintings or creating them has a self reflective and self therapeutic dimension. In a sense, because we are creative beings, our lives can become a work of art. We just must take a brush or pen in our hand and start creating. This is the essence of life the release of creation that can give us a sense of power or emotional stability. In this article I describe the author’s method of painting dialogues that I created in 2016. Initially, the project involved working with Gdansk artists, but over time, in my pedagogical practice, I have noticed that it also has a developing, therapeutic and creative impact on groups such as tutors, university teachers, early childhood education teachers, kindergarten teachers, parents, but also pre school, early childhood and children with disabilities (e.g., autism). In this article, I will present the method of painting dialogues implemented as an action research with pedagogy students of the University of Gdansk (a group of twenty five people, both women and men) in 2021–2022.

Prevalencia y perfil antimicrobiano de Shigella causante de enfermedad diarreica aguda en pediatría en Posadas, Misiones

Our objective was to evaluate the presence and microbiological characteristics of Shigella in children with acute diarrhoeal disease (ADD), attended at the Paediatric Hospital of Posadas, Misiones between 2016 and 2019. All ADEs documented in the laboratory were included. Standardised microbiological techniques were used. We considered age groups: infants (L)≤ 2 years, preschool (PE): 3-5 years, school (E): 5- 14 years. We recorded 106/2128 (5%) Shigella spp. isolates, with a higher frequency in summer (54.5%). S. flexneri (64; 60.4% serotypes 02(54), 03(3), AA479(2) and 01(1)) and S. sonnei (37; 34.9%) predominated. Mean age: 4.2 years (1.2 m-11a). Those < 5 years old were the most affected (70 %). Hospitalisation was required in 7.7%. S. flexneri/S. sonnei were: in L (42.9% vs 27.7%) and in E (27 vs 42.9%). Overall resistance to AMP was 72.7% and 58.1% to TMS. 97% were sensitive to furazolidone (FUR), cefpodoxime and fluorinated quinolones. In S. flexneri the % resistance to AMP/TMS was (78.7/44.8) and in S. sonnei (61.8/80.6) p< 0.05). We detected 6 resistance phenotypes with low multi-resistance (2.6%). FUR remains an empirical therapeutic option in outpatients.

How can policies to reduce obesity be more effective and equitable following the COVID-19 pandemic?

Abstract Despite being a public health priority in the UK for decades, rates of childhood obesity are continuing to rise along a highly unequal socioeconomic gradient. COVID-19 has radically changed daily life, altering the economy, work, social lives and engagement with the food environment. This research aimed to investigate families’ lived experiences of food in the COVID-19 pandemic to understand how policies to reduce obesity can be more effective and equitable. We conducted a remote longitudinal qualitative study, engaging 62 parents of school or nursery age children in England. Participant demographics were diverse in terms of socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Participants took part in semi-structured interviews and photo-elicitation three times at six-month intervals between October 2020 and December 2021. The role of food in day-to-day life shifted in the context of changes brought about by the pandemic. Whether this led to healthy or unhealthy food practices was shaped by socioeconomic resources. Food became a key source of pleasure in daily life as social and leisure activities were restricted in lockdowns. As schools and childcare closed, when this work fell on one parent food became a source of relentless work and parents sought more convenient options. Those with financial resources were able to access healthier convenient options (e.g. meal boxes), while low incomes restricted parents to low-cost options (e.g. ready meals and fast food). For those experiencing financial insecurity, food became a financial management strategy and parents sought discounts and promotions to save money to cover other non-food essentials. These contexts have the capacity to occur again both on a large scale (e.g. disruptions to the food system) and in the context of an individual’s lifetime (e.g. ill health or job loss). Policy now has a window of opportunity to implement learnings from this period and shape obesity prevention policy to be more effective and equitable. Key messages • COVID-19 has revealed the multiple resources and systems of support that underpin families’ ability to eat well and, when disrupted, can limit capacity to procure and prepare nutritious foods. • Policies designed to improve diets must consider the multiple roles food plays in everyday life, beyond just a source of nutrition, to ensure actions are effective and equitable.

Preventing violence against children (0–3 years) in nurseries: effectiveness of participatory training

ABSTRACT This study presents data on the effectiveness of participatory training, called ‘Improvement Groups’, voluntarily adopted in four nurseries in Northern Italy to prevent episodes of violence by staff toward children. The interventions provided for the representation of problematic cases, experienced by participants, relating to factors of work stress, poor collaborative practices, lack of protection of children, and poor quality of service provided. The participants (n = 47) were then involved in interactive training that allowed them to focus on: analysis of causes; risk assessment; and improvement actions. Effectiveness outcomes for knowledge, attitudes, safety climate, and health were assessed pre- and post-training. The data collected show that the Improvement Groups always increased the level of knowledge and safety climate. The results suggest that these interventions should be extended to other similar settings, in order to promote peer-education, appreciation, and effectiveness in generating consensus through the comparison of problematic cases that actually occur.

The lagged effect and attributable risk of apparent temperature on hand, foot, and mouth disease in Changsha, China: a distributed lag non-linear model.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is the leading Category C infectious disease affecting millions of children in China every year. In the context of global climate change, the understanding and quantification of the impact of weather factors on human health are particularly critical to the development and implementation of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. The aim of this study was to quantify the attributable burden of a combined bioclimatic indicator (apparent temperature) on HFMD and to identify temperature-specific sensitive populations. A total of 123,622 HFMD cases were included in the study. The non-linear relationship between apparent temperature and the incidence of HFMD was approximately M-shaped, with hot weather being more likely to be attributable than cold conditions, of which moderately hot accounting for the majority of cases (21,441, 17.34%). Taking the median apparent temperature (19.2°C) as reference, the cold effect showed a short acute effect with the highest risk on the day of lag 0 (RR = 1.086, 95% CI: 1.024 ~ 1.152), whereas the hot effect lasted longer with the greatest risk at a lag of 7days (RR = 1.081, 95% CI: 1.059 ~ 1.104). Subgroup analysis revealed that males, children under 3years old, and scattered children tended to be more vulnerable to HFMD in hot weather, while females, those aged 3 ~ 5years, and nursery children were sensitive to cold conditions. This study suggests that high temperatures have a greater impact on HFMD than low temperatures as well as lasting longer, of particular concern being moderately high temperatures rather than extreme temperatures. Early intervention takes on greater importance during cold days, while the duration of HFMD intervention must be longer during hot days.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Reinfection in Guangzhou, Southern China from 2012 to 2017.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) reinfection is common because of the limited cross-protection from infections of different enterovirus. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and its influential factors of HFMD reinfection in Guangzhou, China. Data on HFMD patients aged ≤5 yr from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from surveillance system. Influential factors of reinfection were assessed using the logistic regression model. Of 369,054 HFMD patients, 11,321 patients (3.07%) were classified as reinfection. The reinfection rate in male was higher than in female (χ2=60.11, P<0.001). The reinfection rate in patients ≤1 yr was 3.86%, which showed a downward trend with age (Z=37.37, P trend<0.001). The highest reinfection rate was observed in the scattered children (3.38%), followed by nursery care children and others (χ2=514.75, P<0.001). Besides, higher risk of reinfection was detected among those who were male, lower age group, rural residence and other enteroviruses infection compared with their respective counterparts. Seasonality was illustrated according to the number of reinfections peaked from April to July. Time intervals curves revealed the number of reinfections gradually increased after 13 months from the initial infection. Male ≤4 yr, living rural area, especially those lived scattered and infected with other enteroviruses were more likely to be reinfection.

Efficacy of Davanegere Mix on Nutritional Status of Preschool Children with Malnutrition - A Pilot Study

Background: Nutrition is essential for human development and the focal point of health and well-being. It is accepted that the lack of proper nutrition leads to irreversible effects, endangering survival and development of the child. Aim: To assess effectiveness of Davanagere Mix on Nutritional Status of Pre School children with malnutrition. Materials and Methods: The study conducted using Randomized block design. 19 children (10 in Experimental Group and 9 in Control group) aged between 3 to 6 years attending Anganawadis of Aihole Village of Bagalkot District with mild or moderate malnutrition were selected by complete enumeration method as per the inclusion criteria. WHO Anthro software was used to screen the children for enrolment. The data regarding socio demographic factors was collected using structured interview schedule. Anthropometric measurements were done using standard techniques. Davanagere mix was administered for experimental group children for one months i.e weekly four days (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday). Whereas the parents of control group children were given with health education on nutritional supplementation to improve the children’s nutritional status Results: Findings shows that, there was a significant difference in post test scores of weight (t=2.491, P&lt; 0.05) and mid upper arm circumference (t=3.947, P&lt; 0.01) between experimental and control group subjects. Hence, Davanagere Mix was effective in improving the nutritional status of children with malnutrition in terms of gain in their weight and mid upper arm circumference. No significant difference was found between post test scores of height (t=0.540, P&gt; 0.05) between experimental and control group subjects. Conclusion: Use of foods rich in protein is highly essential strategy to bridge the gap between growth of children and their nutrition. Supplementary feeding of infants and young children with good quality protein as ground nuts and Bengal grams nut flour is a cheap food protein, hence one of the best provisions is to treat malnutrition with Davanagere mixture. Keywords: Davanegere Mix, Nutritional Status, Preschool Children, Malnutrition

HUBUNGAN JENIS APLIKASI GADGET TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA PRA SEKOLAH DI KECAMATAN WELERI

The continued use of gadgets has a negative impact on the mindset and behavior of children in their daily lives, children who tend to use gadgets continuously will be very dependent and become routine activities in daily activities, in this case children often prefer playing gadgets, causing children to be lazy to move and do activities. Knowing the relationship between types of gadget applications on the development of toddlers and school age in Weleri District. Quantitative research with survey design. This research is a post test design. The sample in this study were 31 respondents. The sampling technique was simple random sampling technique. Univariate analysis produces distributions and percentages and bivariate analysis using chi-square. Results: The results showed that most of the cellphones played on the YouTube application type. The results showed that the majority experienced the appropriate development. There is a relationship between the type of application on the development of pre school in Weleri District, Kendal Regency

Improving 3–5 Year Old Children’s Vocabulary, Listening, and Speaking Skills of English as a Second Language through Sociodramatic Play

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="1eAbstract-text"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The purposes of this study were to analyze 3–5 year old children’s vocabulary, listening and speaking skills as they engaged in sociodramatic play that was set around air transportation theme. The classroom action research design for this study was done in three cycles. It utilized an opportunity that the teacher provided for fourteen research subjects to use language for multiple functions within the context of sociodramatic play by encouraging the subjects to listen to other people, and to speak up their feelings and ideas by implementing the vocabulary they have learned. The data analysis in this research showed that the implementation of sociodramatic play improved the vocabulary, the listening and the speaking skills of 3–5 year old nursery children of ABC school.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Effective of Neem flower powder for worm infestation in pre school children (3-6 Yrs) in selected rural area at chengalpattu Dt

Objectives: 1.To assess the prevalence of worm infestation among pre school children, 2.To compare the degree of worm infestation among per school children before and after, dministration of neem flower power, 3.To associate between the demographic variables and the degree of worm infestation per school children before and after administration of neem flower power, 4.To associate between the selected standard of living and degree of worm infestation among preschool children before and after administration of neem flower power. Research Methodology: A pre experimental type one group pre test and post test for this study. Simple randam sampling technique was used to select the sample.The sample size was 30.The investigator manipulated the independent variables i.e neem flower powder on worm infestation which was administered to the same group of children. Then, the post test was conducted ten days later. Finally the effectiveness of neem flower powder on dependent variables i.e. worm infestation of pre-school children was computed by the post test.The data analysis was done by using descriptiveand inferential statistics. Major findings: The statistical analysis was showed that during the initial assessment with the mean value 53.3 and standard deviation value were 4.11.

Reading and writing, a window to the universe of children

El proyecto de lectura y escritura en el preescolar constituye un ejercicio de investigación orientado a identificar el proceso pedagógico para conducir el aprestamiento a estas operaciones en niños de cuatro a seis años, que asisten a algunas instituciones educativas públicas y privadas del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Además de precisar la ruta pedagógica que más se acerca a las necesidades de la población, este proyecto busca proponer unas orientaciones básicas dirigidas a maestros sobre el aprestamiento al proceso de lectoescritura. La propuesta surge de inquietudes sentidas por los autores, después de realizar unos estudios de investigación que les permitieron conocer y comprender prácticas pedagógicas y necesidades educativas de la población infantil, y que necesariamente deben ser atendidas, para fortalecer los procesos propios del desarrollo de los niños antes de llevarlos a la lectura y escritura formal. Con el estudio investigativo se pudo establecer diferentes acciones que promueven el aprestamiento y por tanto conforman la ruta pedagógica: acciones del campo cognitivo; acciones del campo socioafectivo; acciones del campo comunicativo y, por último, acciones del campo psicomotor. El proyecto se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cualitativo, diseño de investigaciónacción. Consideramos que esta forma de indagación ha permitido acercarnos de una manera natural a los centros educativos y aulas de clase, y construir conocimiento situado mediante la práctica pedagógica analizada y reflexionada de manera permanente. Así mismo podemos concluir insistiendo en la necesidad de fortalecer los proyectos educativos institucionales de los centros escolares en cuanto a diseños curriculares activos, creativos, innovadores y lúdicos.

Prevalence of Allergy and Risk Factors in Nursery Children

Allergy is an important health problem in preschool children and its prevalence is increasing. Allergy is especially common in nursery and preschool children. There is limited data on allergy epidemiology in children in Türkiye. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of allergy in nursery children and to determine the risk factors that lead to allergies. The descriptive cross-sectional field study was carried out between 01.11.2017 and 01.05.2018 in the nurseries in Yozgat City Center. The study was conducted with the parents of 320 children who continued nursery education between the specified dates. The data were obtained by a 35-question information form prepared by the researchers. The mean age of the children was 4.7±0.95 and 56.25% (180/320) were male. A family history of asthma or disease with appearance of allergic symptoms, history of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in the first two years of life and having pets at home were significantly more common in the group with allergic sensitivity compared to the group without allergic sensitivity (p&lt;0.05). It was determined that 14.7% of the children were diagnosed by the physician, 38.3% (18/47) of these diagnoses were urticaria, 31.9% (15/47) were allergic asthma, 19.1% (9/47) were atopic dermatitis-eczema, and 10.6% (5/47) were allergic rhinitis. According to the results of this study, it was found that children with allergic sensitivity had a history of asthma or atopic disease in their families, experienced allergic symptoms frequently, and frequently had URTI until the age of two.

The Perception of Snack Healthiness and Preferences in Children is Related to Health Parameter Measures

The relationship between snack preferences/healthiness and health parameters is still poorly defined. Most children choose snacks low in nutritional value, which may contribute to the rise in childhood obesity. This study has examined children’s snack preferences and healthiness by age and gender and correlated them with their health parameters. Scottish Nursery and Primary children aged 3–12 years (n = 472) performed snack card sorting exercises in which they were presented with 18 different colored snack images, which counted as one portion, followed by two main snack questions related to snack healthiness and preferences. Health parameters were measured. Older children were better able to determine which snacks were healthier based on their energy content. Children with a higher body mass index percentile were not found to have a specific preference for unhealthy snacks based on the four nutritional components. However, snacks high in fat and sugar (and low in energy and salt) were preferred by children with higher body fat. A positive relationship was observed between the energy content of the children’s top five snacks selected for healthiness and their weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio. There was only a negative relationship with height and body fat. The relationship between children’s perceptions of snack preferences and healthiness and their health parameters is still unclear and needs further investigation.

Relationship Pattern Of Working Parents To The Independence Of Toilet Training Pre School Children (Literature Study)

The success of toilet training occurs because there are many factors including age, sex, culture, parents' motivation, children's readiness physically, psychologically and intellectually. In addition, one of the important factors for the success of toilet training is the parenting style applied by parents in educating their children at home. This study aims to determine the relationship between working parents' parenting styles and children's independence in toilet training. In this study, a literature study was used by analyzing 5 national journals and 2 international journals. This research study is a type of literature study research by looking for theoretical references that are relevant to the cases or problems found. Based on the results of the analysis of several journals above, there are many who say that the parenting style of working parents is related to children's independence in toelite trening. The results of the research can be used as material to evaluate and prepare health promotion strategies for health workers, especially nurses, in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of parents, especially parents who work outside the home to apply parenting to pre-school children (3 - 5 years) according to the child's personality development.&#x0D; Keywords: parenting style, toilet training

Pedagogical challenges and practices in multicultural classrooms: a praxeological study

ABSTRACT This article addresses the pedagogical practices applied by teachers at pre and primary school level when working with children with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (CALD) as well as potential challenges in a research collaboration between teachers and academics. A praxeological study was conducted with two preschool teachers and two primary school teachers participating. Additional data was obtained through interviews with the principals of the two participating schools. The aim of the study was for the teachers to reflect on their own practices, and in collaboration with the researcher, create and develop new knowledge and approaches on how to better respond to and work with their CALD students. Findings suggest that observed pedagogical practices, as well as the class and school environment, exhibited few characteristics of a culturally responsive pedagogy or cultural diversity. The principal’s encouragement and support seemed to be an influential factor regarding the teachers’ overall research experience and the teachers who felt more support from their principal during the research period reported more benefits from the study. The findings also reveal some of the challenges that can arise in a research collaboration between teachers and researchers, such as identifying shared goals and mutual understanding of important concepts.

Decreased Physical Activity Among Youth Resulting From COVID-19 Pandemic–Related School Closures: Natural Experimental Study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the closure of schools and may have inadvertently resulted in decreased physical activity for youth. Emerging evidence suggests that school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic could have hastened the inactivity of youth, possibly due to a lack of structure outside of school and increased access to sedentary activities.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess changes in physical activity from pre–school closure (before the pandemic) to post–school closure (during the pandemic) among youth in spring 2020.MethodsThis study used a natural experimental design; youth were enrolled in a physical activity study prior to the lockdown, which was enforced due to the pandemic. The number of device-assessed steps per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity minutes per week were measured by using a Garmin Vivofit 4 (Garmin Ltd) accelerometer over 8 weeks. Mixed effects models were used to compare physical activity variables, which were measured before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsYouth were primarily Hispanic or Latinx (8/17, 47%) and female (10/17, 59%). The number of daily steps decreased by 45.4% during the school closure, from a pre–school closure mean of 8003 steps per day to a post–school closure mean of 4366 steps per day. Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity decreased by 42.5%, from a pre–school closure mean of 80.18 minutes per week to a post–school closure mean of 46.13 minutes per week.ConclusionsYouth are engaging in roughly half as much physical activity during the school closure as they were prior to the school closure. If additional evidence supports these claims, interventions are needed to support youths’ engagement in physical activity in the Midwest.

Pre–School Activities Conducted at ICDS

The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme, flagship programme of the Ministry of Women and Child Development launched in 1975 is one of the prime programmes for women and children in age group of 0 – 6 years. Pre–school education is an important aspect of ICDS activities as it is closely related to educational ideals on one side and to the attainment of educational objectives on the other. Assessing the readiness of entering pre – school children to succeed in school has become an increasing concern for policy makers, pre – school staff, parents, administrators and many others. Present study was undertaken to know pre – school activities conducted at Anganwadi centers and give suggestions for betterment of these pre – school activities. The results revealed that the activities such as introduction to numbers, stories and indoor games were conducted in cent percent Anganwadi centers. Whereas, post – training suggestions such as finger printing (98 %), building blocks and origami (97.33 % each) were incorporated by most of the Anganwadi Workers. There is a need for refresher training for AWWs to help them develop skills to plan and conduct non-formal preschool activities and to enhance the budget of AWCs for preparing play equipment.

Is Hen's Egg Allergy Decreasing Among Japanese Children in Nurseries?

Is Hen's Egg Allergy Decreasing Among Japanese Children in Nurseries?