Numerous Scientific Data Research Articles

Элементный статус населения как индикатор экологического загрязнения

As it is known from numerous scientific data, human health is mainly influenced by the environment and food. As is known, the concentration of chemical elements in hair reflects the ecological state of the territory, which is formed under the influence of natural and/or anthropotechnogenic factors. The formation of causal relationships between the environmental risk of the occurrence and development of the disease of androgenic alopecia served as the basis for the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the factors influencing the occurrence of the disease in question on the example of residents of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The presented analysis of correlations between the quantitative content of macro- and microelements in the environment, food and the quantitative content of elements in hair allowed us to establish many reliable links. At the same time, reliable correlations have been established to a greater extent between the content of chemical elements in hair and grain products. Whereas for trace elements contained in the soil and in the hair, a minimum value was established, which, in our opinion, is due to the fact that the gross content of the studied macro-trace elements was determined in the soil. Keywords: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA, TRACE ELEMENT STATUS, CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, ENVIRONMENT

Seasonal changes in melatonin in peptic ulcer disease

Melatonin is the main neuroendocrine hormone of the pineal gland. A distinctive feature of melatonin indole is its ability to regulate physiological processes related to the circadian rhythm. Numerous scientific data demonstrate the importance of melatonin in the development of organic and functional pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), due to the close relationship between the hormone and intestinal structures. The paper presents the results of our study and shows dynamic variations in seasonal gradations of melatonin levels in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers. The studies have shown that in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers, the level of the hormone melatonin varied depending on the season. During the period of long daylight hours (spring and summer), the content of indole in the blood was ≥1 pg/ml, while during the period of minimal daylight (autumn and winter), the content of melatonin was ≤1 pg/ml. Therefore, if the melatonin level is less than 1 pg/ ml in spring and summer, and more than 1 pg/ml in autumn and winter, it can be concluded that an individual does not have peptic ulcer disease. Thus, the melatonin shift in the blood at different time limits relative to light illumination can be used as a laboratory biomarker of desynchronosis associated with the risk of developing acid-related diseases, in particular seasonal exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Accordingly, revealing the causes and mechanism of development of seasonal exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease can help in early prediction and prevention of this nosology.

Industrial Electrocatalytic Oxidation - The Future of «Green Chemistry»

From the point of view of "green chemistry", the relevance and prospects of the electrooxidation of organic compounds is confirmed by numerous scientific data on the practical use of methods developed and introduced into production for obtaining demanded chemical and pharmaceutical preparations. The advantages of electrochemical methods for converting organic substrates into products of low-tonnage chemical industry and pharmaceutical chemistry are shown. The reactions of electrooxidation of alcohol groups of synthetic and natural compounds, mediated by catalytic systems based on inexpensive TEMPO-like nitroxyl radicals, which provide numerous key synthetic advantages over other oxidation methods, are considered. It has been shown that oxidation reactions can be carried out under mild conditions, without the use of environmentally harmful reagents and toxic solvents, without large economic investments and with the maximum yield of high-purity target products with the formation of little or no waste. Further fundamental and technological research is recommended in order to develop effective electrocatalytic systems for use in industrial electrooxidation.

Bioactive Furanocoumarin 'Alloimperatorin': Therapeutic Importance and Pharmacological Activities in Medicine

Background: Plants and their derived phytochemicals commonly called secondary metabolites have been used in medicine as a good source of medicine for the treatment of numerous kinds of human disorders and associated complications. Herbal medicines have been used in modern medicine for the treatment of some chronic disorders, including cancer. Coumarins class phytochemicals are important in medicine and mainly derived from plant sources, including Angiosperms. Coumarins have numerous biological activities including antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-HIV, antihypertension, anticoagulant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, antidiabetic, and anti-depressive. Methods: Here in the present work, numerous scientific data were collected from different scientific databases and analyzed in order to know the biological potential of alloimperatorin in medicine. Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched and analyzed to know the medicinal properties and therapeutic potential of alloimperatorin. Therapeutic potential of alloimperatorin was investigated in the present work through scientific data analysis of different scientific research work. Pharmacological activities of alloimperatorin were analyzed in the present work to know the beneficial health aspects of alloimperatorin against various forms of human disorders. Results: Scientific data analysis of different research work revealed the therapeutic potential of alloimperatorin in medicine. Alloimperatorin is a coumarin class phytochemical found in the Angelica dahurica. Alloimperatorin revealed significant therapeutic potential in medicine mainly due to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic potential, however its biological potential in breast cancer and their photosensitization effect were also discussed in the present work. Analytical data signified the presence of alloimperatorin in different medicinal plants. Conclusion: Present work signified the biological importance and therapeutic potential of alloimperatorin in medicine.

Assessment of water stress effects on red beet under the Mediterranean conditions

Although there are numerous scientific data on the response of various plants to water stress, there are few studies on red beet in the literature, and non-specifically under the Mediterranean conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water stress (WS) levels (control-WS0, low-WS20, medium-WS40, high-WS60, and extreme-WS80) on water use, growth, yield parameters, and yield response factor of red beet (Beta vulgaris) in Mediterranean conditions. During the growing season, the highest daily evapotranspiration values were 3.7, 2.8, 2.1, 1.4, and 0.7 mm for the control treatment, low, medium, high, and extreme water stresses, respectively. Soil salinity, plant height, fresh leaf yield, and storage-root yield values were decreased as water stress increased. However, there were no significant differences in soil pH, taproot length, and plant water use efficiency between treatments. Significantly important strong- or moderate-positive linear correlations were observed between soil salinity, evapotranspiration, plant height, fresh leaf yield, and storage-root yield values. The yield response factors for red beet storage-root and fresh leaf yields were found to be 0.88 and 0.98, respectively. The results revealed that red beet is slightly tolerant to water stress, with comparatively lower storage-root and fresh leaf yield reductions under the reduced evapotranspiration caused by water stress.

Medicinal Importance, Pharmacological Activities, and Analytical Aspects of an Isoflavone Glycoside Tectoridin

Background: Polyphenols are a group of secondary plant metabolites produced in plants as a protective system against oxidative stress, UV radiation, pathogens, and predatorial attacks. Flavonoids are a major class of plant phenolics present in fruits, vegetables, tea, and red wine. Tectoridin, also called 40,5,7-thrihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone-7-Ob-D-glucopyranoside is an isoflavone glycoside present in the flower of Porites lobata. Methods: Present work focused on the biological importance, therapeutic potential, and pharmacological activities of tectoridin in medicine. Numerous scientific data have been collected from different literature databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus to know the health beneficial potential of tectoridin. Pharmacological data have been analyzed in the present work to know the biological effectiveness of tectoridin against human disorders. Analytical data of tectoridin have been collected and analyzed in the present work to know the importance of modern analytical methods in the isolation, separation, and identification of tectoridin. Results: Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of tectoridin in medicine, signifying the therapeutic potential in healthcare systems. The biological activities of tectoridin are mainly due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-angiogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, estrogenic, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activity. However, this work has also presented the effectiveness of tectoridin against rat lens aldose reductase, nitric oxide, skeletal and cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, and enzymes. Analytical data signified the importance of modern analytical techniques for separation, identification, and isolation of tectoridin. Conclusion: The present work signified the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of tectoridin in medicine and other allied health sectors.

Coronavirus infection and psoriasis: relationship and consequences

As numerous scientific data show, despite the fact that patients with severe psoriasis have a high risk of coronavirus infection, COVID-19 in this group proceeds quite easily. However, many specialists have encountered an unusual exacerbation of the psoriatic process already after the infection, the reasons for which may be several. On the one hand, the skin is one of the target organs for SARS-CoV-2, on the other hand, exacerbations may be caused by the immune system response to the infection. The influence of specific therapy on the course of the psoriatic process is also not excluded. But interleukin status of patients with psoriasis is of the greatest interest. It is known that interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an active role in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and cytokine storm arising at infection. It is also regarded as an indicator of inflammatory activity in psoriasis. In addition, IL-6 is involved in lipid and hepatobiliary disorders in this group of patients. It is also associated with IL-17, the role of which has been well studied in psoriasis and autoimmune hepatitis. Patients with psoriasis often have changes in biochemical blood parameters, similar to those seen with COVID-19. Combinations of all these factors can lead to exacerbation of psoriasis with predominance of erythroderma and toxic component. In our opinion, in such cases it is necessary to include in the therapy a systemic hepatoprotective drug containing glycyrrhizic acid. It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, inhibits IL-6 production and allows to achieve significant improvement of psoriatic process in a short time.

Assessment of irrigation water salinity effects on red beet under Mediterranean conditions

Plant tolerance to salinity stress is vital for irrigation scheduling, decision-making, planning and operation, and most critically, water resource management. Although there are numerous scientific data on the response of various plants to salinity stress, there are few studies on red beet in the literature, and specifically under Mediterranean conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water salinity stress on water use, growth, yield parameters, and salinity threshold and slope values of red beet in Mediterranean conditions. In addition to control (0.6 dS m-1), five irrigation water salinity levels including low (1.5 dS m-1), medium-low (3.0 dS m-1), medium (4.5 dS m-1), medium-high (6.0 dS m-1) and high salinity (8.0 dS m-1) stresses were used as treatments. Increased water salinities caused increases in electrical conductivity and pH values of saturated soil paste extracts and drainage waters, while decreases in water use affected plant height storage root yield and water use efficiency. The salinity threshold and slope values of red beet were determined as 3.10 dS m-1 and 4.42% per dS m-1.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY IN COMORBID PATIENTS

Objective: An analysis of antihypertensive drugs in patients with comorbidities, namely, arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, indicates that the complex treatment of these patients should include drugs that inhibit excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in particular, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB II). Numerous scientific data have established that angiotensin II is the main effector mediator of the RAAS, and ACE inhibitors do not fully inhibit the synthesis of angiotensin II. ARB II, their advantages over ACE inhibitors should be emphasized by their ability to reduce the effects of angiotensin II, regardless of the ways of its formation, aim of this study was to compare the results of treatment of patients with comorbidities Design and method: 56 patients of middle age (64.4 ± 1.1) years old, men/women—43%/57% were examined and treated. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed, according to the recommendations of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH), 2020. The type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity were diagnosed on the basis of clinical, instrumental, biochemical criteria, in accordance with the recommendations of WHO experts, the European Society of Endocrinologists. Results: After treatment for three months, there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (by 19.6%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (by 15%), and heart rate (HR) (by 9%). From the side of echocardiographic characteristics, the following levels have decreased: EDV—by 25.5%, ESV—by 17.3%, EDD—by 24.0%, ESD—by 12.6%, LVMM—by 8.3%; LVEF has increased by 6% compared with the indicated indicators before treatment. There were no significant differences between such indicators as fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, TChC, TG, HDL cholesterol, AI; however, a significant decrease was found after treatment in the levels of VLDL cholesterol and BMI. Conclusions: Treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity with the inclusion of ramipril or telmisartan in the standard therapy had a positive effect on the structural and functional parameters of the left ventricle and ejection fraction. At the same time, the neutral effect of these drugs on carbohydrate metabolism in the examined category of patients has been determined.

Biological potential and antioxidant activity of irisolidone in the medicine through scientific data analysis

Background: Plant derived phytochemical have been scientifically reported to have therapeutic benefit against human disorders including cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and inflammation since past few decades. Among all the available natural phytochemicals, flavonoidal class phytochemical has been showing significant importance in the medicine and available in a wide range of plants. Irisolidone is a flavonoidal class phytochemical found to be present in the rhizomes of Iris germanica. Methods: To investigate the health beneficial potential of flavonoidal class phytochemical irisolidone in the medicine, here in the present investigation numerous scientific data were collected from different literature databases and analyzed. Pharmacological aspects of irisolidone have been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works. Antioxidant potential of irisolidone in the medicine has been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works. Results: Antioxidant potential of irisolidone in the medicine has been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works and found that irisolidone scavenge DPPH radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Some other scientific studies also signified the biological importance of irisolidone in the medicine for their antioxidant potential. Conclusion: Literature data analysis revealed the biological potential and antioxidant activity of irisolidone in the medicine.

P-MN005. Pharmacological importance and biological potential of apigetrin for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: investigation through numerous scientific research data analysis in the medicine

Introduction . Medicinal plants have been used as remedies and pharmaceutical products since very ancient time and demand of herbal based drugs have been increasing in the modern age due to their beneficial pharmacological activities of plants and their derived products such as extracts, fractions and pure isolated phytocompounds. Flavonoidal compounds have been known as a better natural phytoconstituents over a century and are found to be present in the foods and plant derived natural product. Apigetrin, also called as apigenin-7-O-glucoside is a natural flavonoid glucoside found to be present in the nature for their anticancer activity. Methods . In order to know the effectiveness of the apigetrin in the medicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, here in the present investigation numerous scientific research work data have been collected and analyzed. Detailed pharmacological activities of apigetrin have been searched through numerous scientific data analysis in the present investigation. Biological importance of cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders have been also investigated through scientific data analysis of different research works. Results . From the analysis of various scientific researches work of different field of science revealed the biological potential of apigetrin in the medicine. Detailed pharmacological studied have proven the biological importance of apigetrin in the medicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of human being. In some scientific research work apigetrin was found to be effective against neurodegenerative diseases as it significantly reduced the secretion of cytokines, TNF-α and interleukin-6 in BV-2 mouse microglia. In the scientific study apigetrin significantly enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and increased radical scavenging activity. Apigetrin has been found to inhibit neuroinflammation through antioxidant and neuroprotection properties. Conclusion . and biological investigations have proven the effectiveness of apigetrin for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in the modern medicine.

Biological potential of apigetrin in the medicine for the treatment of various forms of inflammatory disorders: Phytotherapeutic approach for respiratory infections

Apigetrin is apigenin-7-O-glucoside is a natural flavonoid glucoside also called flavonoidal class plant derive phytochemical found to be present in the nature in Matricaria chamomilla, Scutellaria baicalensis, Stachys tibetica and Teucrium gnaphalodes. In order to know the medicinal potential of apigetrin in the medicine and health sectors, here numerous scientific data have been collected from various literature sources and analyzed for their health beneficial potential. Medicinal importance and pharmacological activities data of apigetrin have been collected from various literature sources and analyzed for their therapeutic potential in the medicine. Molecular mechanism of apigetrin in different disorders data have been also collected from various literature sources and analyzed for their cellular action. All the collected scientific data have been properly analyzed to get the better result in the present investigation. Scientific data of various literature sources revealed the biological potential of apigetrin in the medicine for the treatment of numerous health complications. From the data analysis of different scientific work of the literature sources it was found that apigetrin have neuroprotective potential due to their anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory potential on oxidative stresses. Further biological effect on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced otitis media showed its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential. Literature data analysis signified the biological role of TNF-α for their anti-inflammatory activity. Literature database analysis also revealed their biological importance to treat inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory infections. Scientific data analysis of various literature works revealed the biological potential of apigetrin in the medicine for the treatment of various form of inflammatory disorders.

Fluorescence polarization as an approach to study the molecular interaction between lupin seed γ-conglutin and insulin

γ-Conglutin is an unusual protein found lupin in seeds. Numerous scientific data indicate that this protein is capable of reducing glucose levels in the blood. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms underlying this unique feature remain poorly understood, mostly due to experimental obstacles. Interestingly, γ-conglutin shows also insulin-binding ability, however, there is limited data about the kinetics of this interaction. Moreover, the available information comes from studies in which γ-conglutin was immobilized or partially unfolded. Herein, the fluorescence polarization assay application allowed for a successful determination of the insulin-γ-conglutin complex's binding parameters. Saturation and competitive binding experiments were done in a solution where γ-conglutin and insulin retained their native structure. The dissociation (Kd) and inhibition (Ki) constant of the complex was 9.16 × 10−6 M and 7.34 × 10−6 M, respectively. It is expected that knowing the quantitative interaction parameters can help in explaining the γ-conglutin hypoglycemic activity.

Insights on Nutrients as Analgesics in Chronic Pain.

Many serious inflammatory disorders and nutrient deficiencies induce chronic pain, and anti-inflammatory diets have been applied successfully to modify the inflammatory symptoms causing chronic pain. Numerous scientific data and clinical investigations have demonstrated that long-term inflammation could lead to an inappropriate or exaggerated sensibility to pain. In addition, some Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), which directly act on the many enzymes involved in pain and inflammation, including cyclooxygenases, are used to dampen the algesic signal to the central nervous system, reducing the responses of soft C-fibers to pain stimuli. On the other hand, there are a few reports from both health authorities and physicians, reporting that decreased transmission of pain signals can be achieved and improved, depending on the patient's dietary habit. Many nutrients, as well as a suitable level of exercise (resistance training), are the best methods for improving the total mitochondrial capacity in muscle cells, which can lead to a reduction in sensitivity to pain, particularly by lowering the inflammatory signaling to C-fibers. According to the current literature, it could be proposed that chronic pain results from the changed ratio of neuropeptides, hormones, and poor nutritional status, often related to an underlying inflammatory disorder. The current review also evaluates the effective role of nutrition-related interventions on the severity of chronic pain. This review pointed out that nutritional interventions can have a positive effect on pain experience through the indirect inhibitory effect on prostaglandin E2 and attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by ischemia/reperfusion in skeletal muscle, improving the intracellular antioxidant defense system. These data highlight the need for more nutrition studies where chronic pain is the primary outcome, using accurate interventions. To date, no nutritional recommendation for chronic pain has been officially proposed. Therefore, the goal of this article is to explore pain management and pain modulation, searching for a mode of nutrition efficient in reducing pain.

РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ТРЕНИРОВКЕ В ПОДГОТОВИТЕЛЬНОМ ПЕРИОДЕ ГОДИЧНОГО ЦИКЛА

Based on numerous scientific data and extensive experience accumulated in sports practice it can be argued that the best way to develop endurance is to first lay a solid foundation and then on its basis to develop special endurance.

Hand grip strength variability during serial testing as an entropic biomarker of aging: a Poincar\xe9 plot analysis

BackgroundThe Poincaré plot method can be used for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of self-similarity in usually periodic functions, hence the idea of applying it to the study of homeostasis of living organisms. From the analysis of numerous scientific data, it can be concluded that hand functionality can be correlated with the state of the human body as a biological system exposed to various forms of ontogenetic stress.MethodsWe used the Poincaré plot method to analyze the variability of hand grip strength (HGS), as an entropic biomarker of aging, during 60 repetitive tests of the dominant and nondominant hand, in young and older healthy subjects. An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 80 young adults (18–22 years old, mean age 20.01 years) and 80 older people (65–69 years old, mean age 67.13 years), with a sex ratio of 1:1 for both groups. For statistical analysis, we applied univariate descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U-test for independent large samples, with the determination of the effect size coefficient r, and simple linear regression. We calculated the effect of fatigue and the Poincaré indices SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 and the area of the fitting ellipse (AFE) for the test values of each subject.ResultsThe analysis of the differences between groups revealed statistically significant results for most HGS-derived indices (p ≤ 0.05), and the magnitude of the differences indicated, in most situations, a large effect size (r > 0.5). Our results demonstrate that the proposed repetitive HGS testing indicates relevant differences between young and older healthy subjects. Through the mathematical modeling of data and the application of the concept of entropy, we provide arguments supporting this new design of HGS testing.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the variability of HGS during serial testing, which reflects complex repetitive biomechanical functions, represents an efficient indicator for differentiation between young and older hand function patterns from an entropic perspective. In practical terms, the variability of HGS, evaluated by the new serial testing design, can be considered an attractive and relatively simple biomarker to use for gerontological studies.

NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes as a new approach to skin carcinogenesis.

Inflammasomes are key innate immune system receptors that detect pathogenic endo- and exogenous stressors like microorganisms or ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which activate the highly proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. Inflammasomes are not only involved in inflammation, but also in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Due to the dynamic increase in non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), it has become necessary to determine how UVR, which plays a key role in NMSC development, can regulate the structure and function of inflammasomes. In the present study, the regulatory mechanisms of NOD-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 1 and 3 inflammasome activation as well as an effective inflammasome-mediated immune response after UVR exposition are discussed. The differences and similarities between these molecular complexes that monitor cellular health, inflammation, and skin carcinogenesis are also highlighted. Despite numerous scientific data, more studies are still required to better understand the biology of inflammasomes in skin cancer development and to explore their therapeutic potential.

The Role of the Endocannabinoid Signaling System in the Pathophysiology of Asthma and Obesity

Bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity are one of the major modern problem, requiring the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The frequent combination of these diseases in one patient indicates the general pathophysiological mechanisms and future study for targeted drug exposure are needed. The endocannabinoid system is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and can be considered as a general mechanism and a potential therapeutic target in asthma and obesity, the receptors of the system are expressed in many central and peripheral tissues. This signal system modulates the functions of the autonomic nervous system, immune system and microcirculation, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance, metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The main research aimed at studying the functioning of this system was focused on neurology and psychiatry, while numerous scientific data demonstrate the importance of the participation of this system in the pathogenesis of other diseases. In particular, this system is involved in the mechanisms of obesity. The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of asthma is actively studied. The wide prevalence of the endocannabinoid signaling system and its regulatory role in the body opens up prospects for therapeutic effects in the treatment of asthma and obesity, as well as the possible phenotype of asthma, combined with obesity. The review is devoted to modern ideas about endocannabinoids, their receptors, mechanisms of action and their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and obesity. The therapeutic prospects and difficulties associated with the use of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids in medicine are discussed.

Visual Acuity Charts: Analytical Review, Basic Terms

Bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity are one of the major modern problem, requiring the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The frequent combination of these diseases in one patient indicates the general pathophysiological mechanisms and future study for targeted drug exposure are needed. The endocannabinoid system is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and can be considered as a general mechanism and a potential therapeutic target in asthma and obesity, the receptors of the system are expressed in many central and peripheral tissues. This signal system modulates the functions of the autonomic nervous system, immune system and microcirculation, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance, metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The main research aimed at studying the functioning of this system was focused on neurology and psychiatry, while numerous scientific data demonstrate the importance of the participation of this system in the pathogenesis of other diseases. In particular, this system is involved in the mechanisms of obesity. The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of asthma is actively studied. The wide prevalence of the endocannabinoid signaling system and its regulatory role in the body opens up prospects for therapeutic effects in the treatment of asthma and obesity, as well as the possible phenotype of asthma, combined with obesity. The review is devoted to modern ideas about endocannabinoids, their receptors, mechanisms of action and their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and obesity. The therapeutic prospects and difficulties associated with the use of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids in medicine are discussed.

FROM HOMO SAPIENS TO HOMO PLACIDUS - MORPHOLOGICAL AFTERMATHS OF WARS

The article is a little modified and edited version of an article by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Boris Nikityuk (1933-1998), an famous Soviet and Russian anatomist and anthropologist, initiator of publications and founder of the scientific journal «Russian Morphological Newsletter», which was the opening first article in the first issue of this journal. The Editorial Board of the journal publishes this article in memory of the 85th anniversary date of birth (1933) of the founder of the journal, Professor Boris Nikityuk and on occasion of the 25th anniversary, which was in 2018 since the date of the founding of the journal «Morfologicheskie Vedomosti - Morphological Newsletter» (1993). It is devoted to the most pressing problem in the modern world from a scientific anatomical and anthropological point of view - the morphological, more precisely biological, consequences of one of the most difficult and catastrophic social phenomena - wars. Numerous scientific data, including the author’s own data, are argue the point of view, expressed a century ago by renowned anthropologist Valerian Bunak’s, that wars have as their main consequence not a direct reduction in the number of people who have the best physical qualities, but more pronounced and adverse effects on populations of subsequent generations. The author uses the term original scientific term «biological well-being» of a species «homo sapiens» as one of the criteria characterizing its evolution in the absence of wars and the peaceful coexistence of peoples. The title of the article has been changed, as a main conclusion of the article has been added the phrase «from homo sapiens to homo placidus» and also has been added the references, which are absent in original text.