Number Of Youth Research Articles

Is Using Government Digital Media Platforms to Disseminate Regulations on Child Adoption Procedures Effective?

Digital media has been used by government of most countries in the world to deliver information, including regulations, to their people. There are some platforms of digital media used by governments, such as X, Instagram, YouTube, and website. One of regulations that is important to be understood by society is regarding child adoption since the number of youths who consider not to have biological child, with slightly number has intention to have child through adoption, has been growing. Therefore, child adoption regulations and procedures are information that should be well disseminated to society. In relation to that matter, this work depicts and discusses: 1) which digital media platforms that the youngsters use to seek information and reasons on choosing that digital media platform? 2) have they ever watched video and/or read regulations or procedures concerning child adoption? and 3) Is digital media an effective media to educate society, particularly Gen Z? The research applies two ways in collecting data, they are focus group discussion and online questionnaire. The focus group discussion joined by 65 (sixty-five) participants, while there are 60 (sixty) respondents who fill out the questionnaire. They are university students in Central Java, Indonesia. Each respondent fills out a questionnaire via google form with open ended questions. The data also gathers from government digital media platform. The results are as follows: 1) three digital media platforms that mostly used by the respondents are X, TikTok, and Instagram, 2) there are 9 (nine) of the respondents who have learnt about child adoption and there are 3 (three) respondents who read the about child adoption but not from government official digital media platforms, and 3) in term of the effectiveness on using digital media platforms to disseminate regulations and procedures concerning child adoption, the result shows that there are 15 (fifteen) respondents who admit that government digital media platforms are effective to be used as media to disseminate regulations and procedures about child education to society (especially to gen Z).

Adding some "Cs": Expanding positive youth development to include disability and identity.

Although numbers of youth with disabilities (YWD) are increasing, this population continues to be poorly represented in psychological and developmental research. There is a demonstrated need to better understand identity development in YWD. The purpose of this review was to determine the applicability of a contemporary developmental model, positive youth development (PYD), for YWD. PYD describes six "Cs" that contribute to thriving in youth: competence, confidence, connection, character, caring/compassion, and contribution. We explored which "Cs" contribute to identity development in YWD, what appears to be unique, and how PYD could be adapted to better include this population. Through a qualitative metasynthesis, we explored how PYD emerged across the qualitative literature from psychology and related fields for YWD. We coded 18 qualitative articles according to the original definitions of the "Cs" of PYD and tracked emerging constructs across included studies. Findings reveal evidence for four out of six of the original "Cs" in YWD. Two emerging "Cs," coping and constraints, may be unique to this population. PYD may be applicable for YWD, but an expanded version may be more relevant to this group. The addition of newly defined "Cs" could contribute to a better understanding of positive development in YWD and other marginalized populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

What to Do When Worries Ring True: How CBT Clinicians Can Address Realistic Worries When Treating Youth With Anxiety

ABSTRACT Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for many youth who are struggling with anxiety. Yet, the straightforward applications of CBT skills for youth anxiety that are presented in CBT manuals tend to assume that clients’ worries are very unlikely to occur and/or that clients are “catastrophizing” about potential outcomes. The examples provided in manuals often suggest that, by implementing CBT skills, clients will discover that they have been overestimating risk, which will decrease their anxiety. In practice, clinicians frequently treat youth who present with worries that are more realistic – that is, they align with youths’ prior experiences and/or reflect true possibilities of negative outcomes. Clinicians who are treating these youth may question the appropriateness of CBT and wonder how to proceed with treatment. In this practical paper, we discuss the scope and applications of CBT skills when treating youth who are experiencing realistic worries. In line with flexibility within fidelity, we provide recommendations on how to assess and conceptualize youth anxiety and how to tailor core CBT strategies for this population of anxious youth. We illustrate our recommendations with a range of case examples. We intend for this resource to help enhance the applicability and effectiveness of CBT so that the greatest possible number of youth are able to benefit from treatment.

Optimizing Team Building Through Training for Karang Taruna Youth in Pasir Tanjung Village, Bogor

Pasirtanjung village has many young people who have an essential role in the village. However, although the number of youths is quite large, the Karang Taruna in Pasirtanjung Village is still unable to function optimally because members are not active enough to contribute. Therefore, Karang Taruna does not function like a youth organization. Meanwhile, to make the organization function optimally (achieve its goals), it is necessary to have contributions from each member. Community service activities are designed to build a better village community, in this case, Karang Taruna. This activity resulted in a program to improve team building for youth organizations. This is done to strengthen teamwork, improve group performance, and increase emotional attachment between group members and trust between members. Moreover, it optimizes the role of Karang Taruna in achieving its goal as one of the community institutions that helps build the village. The first step in building team building is strengthening group cohesiveness within the youth organization.A series of programs were designed to improve team building: 1) providing materials, 2) training, and 3) Focus group discussions. These team-building activities have been proven to help improve group performance. Systematic team-building activities can increase emotional attachment between group members and trust between members. This series of activities can ultimately be measured through pretest-posttest measurements related to group cohesion. The results show that the understanding of youth regarding group cohesion in youth organizations has increased after being given training. This training can provide new insights to the trainees that developing an organization requires an active and mutually supportive team.

A retrospective cohort study of prescription drug use among youth with intellectual/developmental disabilities in British Columbia.

People with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) are known to have high rates of prescription drug use, particularly for psychotropic medications. This is of concern due to the many side effects associated with these medications and because of the risks of polypharmacy. In this paper we compare the most commonly dispensed drugs and all psychotropic medications for youth with IDD compared with youth without IDD. Using population-level administrative health data over a 10-year period, this study examined medications dispensed to youth with an IDD aged 15-24years compared with youth without an IDD. The most common medications dispensed and the number of youth they were dispensed to were determined. As well a wide variety of psychotropic medications were examined. There were a total of 20591 youth with IDD and 1293791 youth without IDD identified. Youth with IDD had higher odds of being dispensed pain medications, amoxicillin, salbutamol, levothyroxine and all the psychotropic medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, anti-adrenergic agents, mood stabilisers and stimulants). For youth with IDD, 6558 (31.85%) were dispensed two or more different psychotropic medications within a year, compared with 75963 (5.87%) of youth without IDD. Compared to youth without IDD, youth with IDD had significantly higher odds of being dispensed most of the prescription medications studied, including all of the psychotropic medications. They were also twice as likely to be dispensed two or more medications from different classes of psychotropic drugs within the same year. These findings have important implications for the health of people with IDD and for their health care providers.

Implementasi Program Pertukaran Pemuda Antar Negara Pada Dispora Sumsel dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Tahun 2020-2021

Based on Law Number 40 of 2009 concerning Youth, the youth category is 16 to 30 years old. In the 2021 BPS, the number of youths in South Sumatra reached 359,151. Youth development is carried out in order to improve the spirit of leadership, entrepreneurship, and youth pioneering so that, in the end, it can produce advanced youth, namely youth with character, capacity, and competitiveness (Heri, 2015). The purpose of this research is to explain the Implementation of the Inter-Country Youth Exchange Program at the South Sumatra Dispora related to HR Development as an effort to Build Youth Character in South Sumatra. The results showed that participants who received program benefits admitted that they did not receive optimal benefits. In addition, some parts of the activity did not run optimally because they were only virtual. The beneficiaries also stated that they could not accept the opportunity for internships. This is different from the beneficiaries of the program in the normal era. Another finding is that the PPAN program has not been optimally socialized in all districts and cities. A letter of notification regarding the PPAN program from the Ministry of Youth and Sports addressed to the Provincial Dispora, which was then forwarded to the district or city Dispora regarding the selection of the PPAN program, did not reach the sub district, village, or kelurahan. Because the district or city Dispora has not optimally escorted it to the sub-districts because there is no socialization budget yet.

Incorporating clinician insight and care plans into an audit and feedback initiative for antipsychotic prescribing to Medicaid-enrolled youth in Philadelphia

BackgroundAudit and feedback (A/F), which include initiatives like report cards, have an inconsistent impact on clinicians’ prescribing behavior. This may be attributable to their focus on aggregate prescribing measures, a one-size-fits-all approach, and the fact that A/F initiatives rarely engage with the clinicians they target.MethodsIn this study, we describe the development and delivery of a report card that summarized antipsychotic prescribing to publicly-insured youth in Philadelphia, which was introduced by a Medicaid managed care organization in 2020. In addition to measuring aggregate prescribing behavior, the report card included different elements of care plans, including whether youth were receiving polypharmacy, proper medication management, and the concurrent use of behavioral health outpatient services. The A/F initiative elicited feedback from clinicians, which we refer to as an "audit and feedback loop." We also evaluate the impact of the report card by comparing pre-post differences in prescribing measures for clinicians who received the report card with a group of clinicians who did not receive the report card.ResultsReport cards indicated that many youth who were prescribed antipsychotics were not receiving proper medication management or using behavioral health outpatient services alongside the antipsychotic prescription, but that polypharmacy was rare. In their feedback, clinicians who received report cards cited several challenges related to antipsychotic prescribing, such as the logistical difficulties of entering lab orders and family members’ hesitancy to change care plans. The impact of the report card was mixed: there was a modest reduction in the share of youth receiving polypharmacy following the receipt of the report card, while other measures did not change. However, we documented a large reduction in the number of youth with one or more antipsychotic prescription fill among clinicians who received a report card.ConclusionsA/F initiatives are a common approach to improving the quality of care, and often target specific practices such as antipsychotic prescribing. Report cards are a low-cost and feasible intervention but there is room for quality improvement, such as adding measures that track medication management or eliciting feedback from clinicians who receive report cards. To ensure that the benefits of antipsychotic prescribing outweigh its risks, it is important to promote quality and safety of antipsychotic prescribing within a broader care plan.

Factors Affecting the Participation of Tanzanian College Youths in Purchasing Online Products

Recently, Tanzania has experienced an exponential growth of internet users, with youths forming the largest number of users who access internet service. Despite statistics showing that youths form the largest number of internet users in the country, the number of youths who purchase online products is still limited. This study aimed to analyse factors affecting youth online purchasing in Tanzania and suggest strategies to improve its adoption. The subjects of the study were 43 students from the Arusha Technical College in Tanzania who were studying an E-commerce and Internet Technology course. The data were collected using questionnaires and participatory workshop. The collected data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings reveal ten factors that influence youth engagement in online purchases: quality risks, delayed deliveries, e-commerce skill gaps, fraud fears, extra charges, internet costs, payment issues, network reliability, local availability, and absence of bargaining habits. To enhance the participation of youths in online shopping, the study recommends several strategies which, if implemented, will help improve e-commerce adoption in Tanzania. The major contribution of this study is to reveal the status of online purchase adoption among Tanzanian youths and document strategies for accelerating its adoption in the country.

Gender-Affirming Care in a Transgender Young Woman With Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: A Case Report

The number of youths who identify with a gender different from their sex designated at birth is increasing. Youth account for about 4% of all cancer diagnoses in the United States. Some youths may want gender-affirming medical treatment, such as puberty blockers and/or hormone therapy, which may exacerbate cancer and/or increase cancer development risk. No studies assess the impact of estrogen-based treatment in gender-diverse youth with a history of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. This case report will discuss gender-affirming care and shared decision-making in a youth with a history of Li-Fraumeni syndrome and increased risk for breast cancer.

Mathematical Analysis of Drugs and Substance Abuse in Kenya among the Adolescents

It is incontestable that the mortality rate among drugs and substance abusers is higher than that in thegeneral population. The National Authority for the campaign against alcohol and substance abuse (NACADA)has painted a grim picture of the incessant rise in the number of youth becoming addicted. In this research, adeterministic model for drugs and substance abuse (DSA) driven by light drug abusers (LDA) and heavy drugabusers (HDA) was proposed. The basic reproduction number R0; , the foundation upon which the model’sstability analysis is established, was determined by utilizing the next-generation matrix (NGM) approach.The analysis showed that drug-free equilibrium (DFE) is locally asymptotically stable for R0 < 1 and unstableif R0 > 1. The global stability of both DFE and drugs endemic equilibrium (DEE) are explored by utilizingLyapunov functions. The bifurcation analysis was carried out using the center manifold theorem, where themethod utilized by Castilo-Chavez and Song was implemented and revealed that the rate of drug reinitiationdrove backward bifurcation. The contribution of the important parameters to DSA are investigated, andresults are presented graphically. Results from the simulation revealed that delayed exposure of the youth todrugs increased identification and treatment of the LDA and HDA, which would curtail DSA menace in Kenya.

Adolescent Domestic Violence Referrals and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Race and Sex Differences

Following the implementation of mandatory arrest policies for domestic violence in the 1990s, the number of youth – particularly girls – referred to juvenile justice systems for domestic violence (DV) increased. Though adolescent DV perpetration and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) share many of the same outcomes, and youth DV perpetration is thought to occur more frequently in abusive home environments, the link between ACEs and DV referral for juveniles is under-examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and DV referral using data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, as well as identify gender and race/ethnicity differences in referral risk by ACEs. According to results, ACEs were associated with DV referral and this relationship was stronger for girls. Latino/a youth also experienced the greatest risk of referral relative to ACEs exposure. Implications for policy makers and practitioners are discussed.

НЕЙМИНГ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КРЕАТИВНОЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ЦЕННОСТНОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ РАБОТОДАТЕЛЯ (EVP)

Geopolitical and economic challenges, the development of technology have significantly changed the external and internal labor market. The demographic situation is complex: there is a trend towards a decrease in the population of the Russian Federation; the number of youth and technical specialists is not growing at the pace necessary to meet the needs of employers; unemployment is kept at a “calm” level with an increase in the number of self-employed (people do not want to be hired because of a change in life values). In the context of the development of production, the struggle for graduates, specialists and talents is intensifying. Employer brand management is moving to a new level of quality: from entertainment events to deep development of the employer brand concept. The identifier of the company’s image is positioning — conveying the employer’s value proposition (EVP) to target audiences. The highlight of the study is a new look at the application of naming from product marketing to employer branding. Naming helps to succinctly, concisely and emotionally attractively formulate the key benefits of working in a company. By creating slogans that convey EVP, HR managers convey the identity, essence of the activity, products and benefits of working in the company. A creative concept in the form of visualization in corporate colors makes the employer recognizable, candidates want to work, employees want to stay. An overview of examples of naming in the formation of the creative concept of the employer’s value proposition is given.

SAT419 Characteristics Of Trans Male Children And Adolescents Care Followed Up In A Children Hospital

Abstract Disclosure: M. Esposito: None. V.G. Gonzalez: None. J. Pasqualotto: None. A. Morin: None. Introduction Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are those whose gender identity do not correspond with their sex assigned at birth. Gender identity law was approved in 2012, guarantees access to health care including hormones and surgical procedures reassignment without any requirement except "informed consent by the individual concerned". Last years the number of youth with TGD seeking gender affirming care has increased, resulting in the formation of multidisciplinary care teams to respond to the growing demand. Objective To characterize the population of transgender male(TM) attended in a Pediatric Endocrinology Service. Method Medical records of the Pediatric Endocrine Service were reviewed for youth with TGD seen from December 2017 to November 2022. Results We received 92 TGD individuals in our care team, of which 64 (69.6%) consulted in Endocrinology Service, 52 trans-male (TM) (81.3%) and 12 trans-female (TF) (18.7%). We describe TM group. Median age was calculated for first medical advice: 14 (9-16) years; self-perception TGD: 9 (3-14) years; and gender affirmation: 13 (6-16) years. Obesity and overweight was present in 22 (42.3%), normoweight in 25 (48%) and underweight in 5 (9.7%). Vitamin D levels (N: 35) were insufficient in 30 children (85.7%). At first visit 45 (86%) were in Tanner stage 5. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (Gnrh) were used in 27 TM (51.9 %) to prevent the progression of biological puberty, median age at start of treatment was 14 (11-15) years. Testosterone (T) was used in 18 (34.6%) to develop sex characteristics of the self-identified gender, median age of beginning was 16 (14-17) years of which 12 have previously used GnRH. In 4 adolescents (7.7%) thoracic masculinization surgery was performed at a median age of 16 years. Conclusion Most of the TGD children and adolescents were TM with a median age at first visit of 14 years and tanner stage 5. Overweight and obesity rates were higher than international norms and are a common problem among TGD youth. They should be considered a high-risk group and targeted in obesity prevention and treatment efforts. The majority of transgender youth had vitamin D insufficiency, so we recommend sun exposure and physical activity. Although they consulted in the Pediatric Endocrinology Service, only 63.5% started some hormonal therapy. Gender affirmation require multidisciplinary approach in which endocrinologists play an important role. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Paediatric diabetes-related presentations to emergency departments in Victoria, Australia from 2008 to 2018.

Despite significant treatment advances in paediatric diabetes management, ED presentations for potentially preventable (PP) complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains a major issue. We aimed to examine the characteristics, rates and trends of diabetes-related ED presentations and subsequent admissions in youth aged 0-19 years from 2008 to 2018. Data were obtained from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset and the National Diabetes Register. A diabetes-related ED presentation is defined using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification diagnosis codes. 'Non-preventable' presentations were the number of youths with newly diagnosed diabetes, and the remaining are classified as PP diabetes-related presentations. Poisson regression model was used to examine the trends in incidence rate and prevalence. Four thousand eight hundred and seventy-two (59%) of 8220 presentations were PP, 4683 (57%) were for DKA whereas 6200 (82%) required hospital admission. Diabetes-related ED presentations decreased from 38.4 to 27.5 per 100 youth with diabetes per year between 2008 and 2018 (β = -0.04; confidence interval [CI] -0.04 to -0.03; P < 0.001). Females, those aged 0-4 years and rural youth had higher rates of ED presentations than males, older age groups and metropolitan youth. DKA presentations decreased from 20.1 presentations per 100 youth with diabetes in 2008-2009 to 14.9 presentations per 100 youth with diabetes in 2017-2018. The rate of DKA presentations was 68% higher in rural areas compared to metropolitan areas (incidence rate ratio 1.68; CI 1.59-1.78; P < 0.001). Although the rates of diabetes-related ED presentations declined, PP diabetes-related presentations and subsequent hospitalisation remain high. Patient level research is required to understand the increased DKA presentations in rural youth.

Non-randomised evaluation of comprehensive HIV prevention information package on risky sexual behavior among youth in Kakamega and Kericho counties, Kenya

HIV remains the most significant public health and development challenge in the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, the youth bear the biggest brunt of HIV epidemic. Despite the availability of HIV prevention options, new infections among youth in Kenya only reduced by 59 % between 2015 and 2019. Various HIV prevention interventions have been implemented among youth with little or no assessment of their effectiveness in reducing new HIV infections. The objective of the study was to investigate effect of comprehensive HIV prevention information package on the risky sexual behavior among youth in Kakamega and Kericho counties, Kenya. A non-randomized control trial was conducted with Kakamega as intervention and Kericho as Comparison County. The pretest questionnaire was administered in both intervention and control counties in December 2001. The posttest questionnaire was administered in both intervention and control counties after nine months of providing HIV prevention information package. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. There was a shift in comprehensive HIV knowledge at the end line compared to the baseline (P &lt; 0.05). Condom use at endline was higher in the intervention county at 78.8 % compared to comparison county at 73.0 %. The number of youths who had two or more sexual partners reduced at endline to 17.6% from 23.7% in intervention county. Concurrent partnerships significantly reduced by gender ( χ2 1.507, p=0.003). The findings from the study will inform national rollout of the intervention to contribute to safer sexual behaviors among youth.

1132-P: It Takes 6!—Recruiting Marginalized Youth with T1D for Shared Medical Appointments (SMA) Pilot Study

Introduction: Minority youth are underrepresented in diabetes technology trials. An ongoing pilot study is recruiting 20 publicly insured, insulin pump naive youth ages 8-12 with T1D who identify as NHB or Latinx with recent HbA1c &amp;gt;8% to participate in a study using SMAs to improve T1D self-management and sustained CGM use. We aimed to identify the most successful recruitment strategies. Methods: Potentially eligible youth are identified through weekly review of diabetes appointments. Families are then contacted in-person at a clinic visit, by phone, or text-message. We reviewed the number of in-person, phone, and text-message attempts for all eligible participants, as well as the number of youth who enrolled, refused, or who have not yet been successfully contacted. Results:79 youth were identified as potentially eligible. 56% (n=44, 16±13 contact attempts) have been successfully contacted; 18% (n=14, 6±4 contact attempts) enrolled. 64% (n=9/14) of enrolled and 18% (n=12/65) of non-enrolled were approached at a clinic visit, 14% (n=2/14) of enrolled and 40% (n=26/65) of non-enrolled via phone, and 50% (n=7/14) of enrolled and 46% (n=30/65) of non-enrolled via text-message (p&amp;lt;0.001). 38% (n=6/16) of those who scheduled an enrollment visit after being contacted by phone/text attended the visit versus 63% (n=10/16) contacted at a clinic visit (p&amp;lt;0.001). 38% (n=30, 10±9 contact attempts) refused to participate; 27% (n=9) did not want to travel to the study site, 17% (n=5) refused CGM, and 53% (n=16) declined research participation. 46% (n=35, 12±5 contact attempts) have not yet been successfully contacted. Conclusions: Historically marginalized youth enrolling in this SMA study required an average of 6 contact attempts for study participation. Purposeful in-person recruitment strategies, being mindful of the low rates of technology use among this community and mistrust in the healthcare system, is needed to promote diversity and inclusion in T1D research. Disclosure J.Grundman: Research Support; American Diabetes Association, Dexcom, Inc. S.Majidi: None. A.G.Perkins: Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Dexcom, Inc. R.Streisand: None. M.Monaghan: Employee; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Research Support; American Diabetes Association. B.E.Marks: Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic. Funding American Diabetes Association (7-21-PDFHD-09 to J.G.)

Physical Activity Management for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Supporting Active and Inactive Children.

Regular physical activity and exercise are important for youth and essential components of a healthy lifestyle. For youth with type 1 diabetes, regular physical activity can promote cardiovascular fitness, bone health, insulin sensitivity, and glucose management. However, the number of youth with type 1 diabetes who regularly meet minimum physical activity guidelines is low, and many encounter barriers to regular physical activity. Additionally, some health care professionals (HCPs) may be unsure how to approach the topic of exercise with youth and families in a busy clinic setting. This article provides an overview of current physical activity research in youth with type 1 diabetes, a basic description of exercise physiology in type 1 diabetes, and practical strategies for HCPs to conduct effective and individualized exercise consultations for youth with type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes trends in youth

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the 10- to 19-year-old population has doubled over the past two decades in the United States.1 It is present in nearly 2 persons per 1000 among Black and American Indian youth, in about 1 per 1000 among Hispanic youth, but in 0.2 per 1000 among non-Hispanic white youth, the incidence of T2D has similarly doubled among adolescents in the United States over this period, from 9 to 18 cases per 100 000 per year, with incidence again particularly high in Black and American Indian youth.2 The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States also increased, from 20 to 22 per 100 000 persons age <20 during the same period,2 and its prevalence increased from 1.5 to 2.2 per 1000,1 with a different racial and ethnic composition, more common in non-Hispanic white, then Black, then Hispanic, then Asian and then American Indian. The numbers of youth with T1D and T2D in 2017 were 185 000 and 28 000, respectively, and, based on these increasing prevalence and incidence rates, the numbers are projected to be 335 000 youth with T1D and 220 000 with T2D in 2060, increases of 65% and 673%, respectively.3 Similarly, T2D and T1D in youth are increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide. The number of youths with T2D is more than twice as great in China and 1.4-fold higher in India than in the United States based on the larger population of these countries, but with the United States showing the highest reported prevalence in a recent worldwide survey (Table 1).4 The prevalence of T1D among youth in Germany increased similarly from 1.4 per 1000 in 2002 to 2.5 per 1000 in 2020, and although T2D prevalence was considerably lower than in the United States, it again increased more markedly than T1D, from 0.03 to 0.11 per 1000.5 Over the period from 1989 to 2013, T1D in youth in Europe increased at an average annual rate of 3.4%, with the annual rate of increase ranging from approximately 1% in Spain and Italy to 6% in Poland, Romania, and Lithuania.6 To some extent, the growth in T2D is driven by high rates of obesity. Some 20% of US adolescents aged 10–19 years are obese, with the prevalence increasing from 2000 to 2018 and with obesity rates greater among adolescents from households with lower income or lower parental educational level.7 This alone does not seem to fully explain the increase in T2D, however, as it is noteworthy that prediabetes prevalence in adolescents in the United States showed a much greater increase than prevalence of obesity, increasing from 12% in 2000 to 15% in 2005 to 23% in 2011 and to 28% in 2017.8 Other factors may need to be considered. Genomic factors may play a role in the risk of T2D development.9 The concept of social and ethnic determinants of health has been valuable in understanding disparities in onset of T2D in youth and undoubtedly contributes to the burdens both of T1D and T2D in youth.10 Relatively poor glycemic control of youth both with T1D and T2D has been documented in the United States, with mean HbA1c between 8% and 9% and with trends for increasing levels over the past two decades.11 The pattern of worsening glycemic control over the past decade among patients with T2D in the United States has also been shown to extend to young adults at ages 20–44.12 The difficulty of treatment among youths with T2D is noteworthy. A recent study of insulin and/or metformin-treated youth with T2D having baseline HbA1c 8%–8.1% showed glycemic worsening with the dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor linagliptin and only modest improvement with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin.13 Along with poor glycemic control there is evidence of development of complications of diabetes in T2D youth. A recent metaanalysis of 27 studies of 5924 youths with T2D showed prevalence of diabetic retinopathy of 2% at <2.5 years diabetes duration, of 5% at 2.5–5 years duration, and of 29% at >5 years duration.14 There is evidence of genomic factors contributing to risk of the development of complications in T2D youths.15 Understanding this burgeoning epidemic and developing more effective therapeutic approaches will be crucial in the coming years. None. None.

Digital Skills In The Optimization Of Agricultural Technology Among Milenial 2022 (Description Study on Agricultural Students at Malikussaleh University)

The purpose of this study is to describe digital literacy skills among millennial students and agricultural alumni in seeing the opportunities and challenges of digital farming-smart farming. Growing Millennials' interest to be ready to become agricultural entrepreneurs who are creative, innovative, professional, competitive and able to absorb agricultural sector jobs. The national labor force survey of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), 20.62% of Indonesian youth worked in the agricultural sector in August 2020, an increase compared to the previous period in 2019 which amounted to 18.43%, and will continue to rise until 2022. The increase in the number of youth in the agricultural sector agriculture can be a momentum to expand it. As many as 85.62% of them are internet users and have the opportunity to become early adopters of digital technology in the agricultural sector. So far, the low digital literacy skills of farmers are because the majority of farmers only graduate from elementary school and high school. The average age is more than 45 years, which makes it difficult to adapt to digital technology. Helplessness when dealing with digital media technology. The increasing number of millennials interested in the agricultural sector is a hope as well as an opportunity to increase the development of the agricultural world based on digital farming-smart farming. Of course, this can be integrated into agricultural extension programs by millennials on the condition that agricultural students and alumni have adequate digital skills. That currently the modernization of agriculture is a necessity. The agricultural sector continues to move towards digital farming-smart farming. Agricultural Digitization facilitates monitoring, marketing, technology and helps accelerate the production process. Implementation of intelligent and critical use of digital media. The critical paradigm is chosen in this research, which is not only looking at what is visible but also exploring the meaning and seeing how there is what is behind a phenomenon. Based on advocacy and criticism become ideals. The assumption is, to know the world, man must make the world his own. The final result of this research is a strategy regarding the phenomenon being discussed. Primary and secondary data were obtained through observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussion and literature review. The theoretical basis, concepts and models as well as scientific contributions are Digital Skills or Digital Literacy, Digital Farming, Smart farming 4.0 and Millennials, namely Agricultural Students and alumni. Research informants consist of agricultural students and alumni, digital skills experts, agricultural academics and stakeholders deemed relevant. Data analysis used snow ball informants and cross checks, synchronization, compression, reduction, display data and conclusion. Primary data collection can be carried out, as well as validation to ensure the relevant and related data has been carried out. Secondary data support can complement the initial data that has been obtained previously. The existing data has been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the study show that students and agricultural alumni of the Malikussaleh University as millennials are active internet users with various media having the opportunity to become early adopters of digital technology in the agricultural sector towards Digital Farming and smart farming. Digitization of agriculture with the active involvement of millennials will facilitate monitoring, marketing, technology and help accelerate the production process by implementing intelligent and critical use of digital media. The stigma of agriculture only for those with low education, seems to still exist. Need to improve understanding of digital farming-smart farming among Millennials. The maximum implementation of smart farming is a big hope for all. Agriculture 4.0 is the implementation of smart farming or precision agriculture which is expected to be able to realize a sustainable agricultural system.

PENDAMPINGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN SIROJUT THOLIBIN TELUK DALEM MATARAM BARU LAMPUNG TIMUR

The largest increase in unemployment occurred in the young group aged 20-29 years. Currently, the number of youth (aged 16-30 years) is 64.50 million. Of that amount, 17.66% of youth aged 20-24 years and 9.27% ​​youth aged 25-29 years are unemployed. Since 2010, the government has launched the National Entrepreneurship Movement, which aims to create new entrepreneurs. The movement is a cross-ministerial program in the form of entrepreneurship campaigns, public education, training, funding, and coaching. In addition, the Indonesian government has also required entrepreneurship learning in every university. The purpose of this service is to foster entrepreneurial spirit, motivation, and creativity and to equip students with the right knowledge in making business plans, while the results of entrepreneurship mentoring activities generally go well, this can be seen from the growth of students' thinking, motivation and creativity. Then the students after participating in the mentoring can prepare a new business plan that will be developed by the students at the Sirojut Tholibin Islamic Boarding School. This assistance will foster the spirit of the importance of the entrepreneurial spirit that needs to be fostered for intellectual youth at this time, to reduce the large gap between the number of the workforce and the number of jobs