Number Of Young People Research Articles

Children and Adolescents' Ingroup Biases and Developmental Differences in Evaluations of Peers Who Misinform.

Previous developmental research shows that young children display a preference for ingroup members when it comes to who they accept information from – even when that information is false. However, it is not clear how this ingroup bias develops into adolescence, and how it affects responses about peers who misinform in intergroup contexts, which is important to explore with growing numbers of young people on online platforms. Given that the developmental span from childhood to adolescence is when social groups and group norms are particularly important, the present study took a Social Reasoning Developmental Approach. This study explored whether children and adolescents respond differently to a misinformer spreading false claims about a peer breaking COVID-19 rules, depending on (a) the group membership of the misinformer and their target and (b) whether the ingroup had a “critical” norm that values questioning information before believing it. 354 United Kingdom-based children (8–11 years old) and adolescents (12–16 years old) read about an intergroup scenario in which a peer spreads misinformation on WhatsApp about a competitor. Participants first made moral evaluations, which asked them to judge and decide whether or not to include the misinformer, with follow-up “Why?” questions to capture their reasoning. This was followed by asking them to attribute intentions to the misinformer. Results showed that ingroup preferences emerged both when participants morally evaluated the misinformer, and when they justified those responses. Participants were more likely to evaluate an ingroup compared to an outgroup misinformer positively, and more likely to accuse an outgroup misinformer of dishonesty. Adolescents attributed more positive intentions to the misinformer compared with children, with children more likely to believe an outgroup misinformer was deliberately misinforming. The critical norm condition resulted in children making more positive intentionality attributions toward an ingroup misinformer, but not an outgroup misinformer. This study’s findings highlight the importance of shared group identity with a misinformer when morally evaluating and reasoning about their actions, and the key role age plays in intentionality attributions surrounding a misinformer when their intentions are ambiguous.

The issue of homeless young people

This paper is devoted to the issue of homeless young people. At present, homelessness is a global problem with an increasing number of young people, who got on the street for various reasons. Homelessness itself can be understood as a complex generalized social failure of an individual. It is a social category of people who are clearly poor, living on the margins of society and characterized by their specific way of life, which puts them on the margins of society on the basis of their inability to participate in the quality of life and disrespect for the requirements of the majority society. The aim of the article is to present issues related to the phenomenon of homeless young people and understand the reasons and causes of their social degradation which led to their unfavorable social situation. Only appropriately applied social work can stop or reduce the number of young people living on the streets, and help them successfully reintegrate into the majority society.

Developing and implementing a community-based substance use prevention program in Iranian adolescents (SUPPIA): A study protocol

ABSTRACT Objective As substance use disorders are globally among the top causes of preventable mortality and morbidity among adolescents, there is a need for developing effective prevention programs to address the rising prevalence and the associated health consequences. The main aim of this study is to develop a community-based study protocol for preventing substance use in Iranian adolescents. Methods and results An ecological approach, mobilizing for action through planning and partnership (MAPP), was used to develop a study protocol for preventing substance use among 14–18-year-old adolescents participating in this study. Participants were randomized to the intervention (n = 70) or control (n = 70) groups. The intervention group was exposed to eight individual sessions by two qualified trainers over eight weeks to stimulate (1) positive outcome expectations, (2) self-efficacy, e.g., to resist social pressure, (3) self-regulation, e.g., by self-monitoring of stress and emotions. Outcomes were assessed by the percentage reduction in substance use after six, 18, and 24 months after the intervention. Discussion In this study, we have been to outline and explain the steps of developing and implementing a community-based study protocol. This protocol, if practical and effective, could be easily implemented in various settings and would reach large numbers of young people cost-effectively.

Sleep and nutrition as mandatory components of a healthy lifestyle for higher education

The presented work considers the issue of violation of proper sleep at night and a balanced diet among applicants for higher education. The health of the younger generation is a problem that needs considerable attention from the state. Public institutions of higher education are those structures that can in some way affect the lives of young people, because a significant number of young people are applicants for higher education and in this status they are for a long time. The educational environment has a significant impact on participants in the educational process. Sometimes this effect is negative. In some cases, the regime of the educational process forces a person to neglect some aspects of his personal life, including the satisfaction of their physiological needs. As a result, people tend to lead a lifestyle that includes a number of negative factors that affect their physical and mental health. Chronic lack of sleep and poor diet are just such factors. To date, scientific studies have reliably established that healthy sleep and a balanced diet play a key role as components of a healthy lifestyle. It is known that chronic sleep disorders and unbalanced diet against the background of a chaotic diet have a negative impact on human health, provoking the development of serious pathologies and diseases. Research has shown that a significant number of higher education students have poor sleep and nutrition. An important point is the fact that this situation is long in time - students have been leading a lifestyle for years, associated with chronic sleep deprivation and nutritional imbalance. This situation is a threat to the health of student youth. Thus, the study of the causes of sleep disorders and unbalanced diet in different groups of higher education, as well as the development of methods to prevent the development of these phenomena is an important direction in the context of maintaining the health of citizens of Ukraine.

Social reconstruction of the village as the basis of agricultural strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The goal is to assess the current situation of social development of the village, identify the main factors hindering the revival of rural areas, reduction of the number of rural population, especially young people, and migration from the village to the city. Determination of the measures aimed to ensure employment, infrastructure development, favorable conditions for improving the living standards of rural residents. Methods – analytical, economic-statistical, monographic, calculation-constructive. Results – analysis of the current state of social development of the village was carried out, during which disproportions in the age structure of the rural population of the republic, trends in reduction of the number of young people and increasing the number of the retired people, changes in the number of rural settlements that have the necessary potential to create a comfortable living environment for the population and trends in the subsequent abolition of villages have been revealed. Conclusions – the problems of population migration from rural areas to the cities, the lack of jobs that force people to work outside their place of residence, low incomes of rural residents, the outflow of young people from villages to the cities justify the need to develop comprehensive measures for rural development, including improvement of living conditions through the development of housing, communal and social infrastructure, expanding the scope of activities in the countryside through the development of not only agricultural sector, but also service sector, construction, storage systems, primary processing of agricultural products, agritourism, crafts. The complexity of solving the problems of rural areas will contribute to the revival of the village, the stable growth of agricultural production and other sectors of economy of rural areas.

Analysis of Moral Values of Folklore Legend of Mount Kelud and Sapi Suro Using a Mimetic Approach

The values contained in the folklore of the legend of Gunung Kelud and Lembu Suro are moral values. Moral values are values that develop in the community, such as manners in behaving and behaving, resulting in good values and behavior. By using mimetic studies, it will be easier for researchers to analyze the moral values that exist in folklore. This study uses qualitative research with content analysis methods because we take information on YouTube which contains content and information about the legend of Gunung Kelud and Lembu Suro. The number of young people who are starting to ignore the folklore in the surrounding area makes us feel that we have to show that the folklore must be preserved. Folklore is a story that is usually a benchmark for the origin of a place.

Health Risks of Using Headphones with Mobile Electronic Devices for Young People

Introduction: Urban population is exposed to a combined effect of physical risk factors. A large number of young people in­ crease their noise exposure by listening to audio files using headphones. Objective: To study health effects of using headphones in schoolchildren and students. Materials and methods: In 2019–2020, a questionnaire-based survey of 800 secondary school children and students (345 boys and 455 girls aged 13–20 years) was conducted in the cities of Moscow, Voronezh, and Izhevsk. The inclusion criteria were young age (a pupil/student), a signed informed consent, and no experience (for controls) or a year or more of experience in using headphones with portable electronic devices (for cases). The questionnaire data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software Statistica 10.0 to estimate contingency coefficients and relative risks and to build regression models. Results: We established that listening to audio files at full volume, using headphones in public transport, and having no headphones-free day a week posed significant health risks for young people: the relative risk of hearing impairment attributed to an every-day use of headphones at maximum volume was 3.20 (95 % confidence interval, 2.40–5.21). Conclusions: We established risk factors affecting wellbeing and hearing loss in young people. Since these factors manageable, they should be considered in health education of schoolchildren and students.

SYNDROME OF VEGETATIVE DYSFUNCTION AMONG YOUNG STUDENTS IN VOLGOGRAD EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The syndrome of autonomic dysfunction (SVD) is interpreted as a set of polysystemic disorders caused by disorders of the higher autonomic centers. Today, the number of young people who report symptoms of this dysfunction continues to increase. Thus, a significant proportion of students with SVD are at risk of developing abnormalities in their health state, due to dysregulation of vascular tone, aggravated by desynchronosis. The aim of the study studied the incidence of autonomic dysfunction syndrome among students in Volgograd educational institutions. The survey included the study of the state of balance of the autonomic nervous system using the Wayne questionnaire, as well as chronotypes using the Horn-Ostberg test. The results were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics. Installed, it was found that the highest prevalence of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD) is among the student youth of the Volgograd region. Among female representatives, VVD is found somewhat more often than among men. Representatives of the owners of arrhythmic and weak evening chronotypes are more susceptible to the development of autonomic dysfunctions. Systematic muscular activity is a limiting factor in the progression of the syndrome of vegetative-vascular dysfunctions. In order to preserve and improve the level of health of students actually is systematic observance of the motor activity, as well as the development of complex programs of physical education, taking into account individual daily biorhythms. Specified recommendations have a preventive focus in regard to the syndrome of autonomic dysfunction and its transformation into the pathology of a particular body system.

Barriers to studying and working: a new look at the NEET concept in Chile

ABSTRACT Currently, the number of Chilean young people not in education, employment, or training ─NEETs─ remains comparatively high and major gender gaps persist. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity of this social group, but they have failed to provide an in-depth analysis of its characteristics informed by the reasons which its members regard as the source of their situation. The aim of this study is to characterise Chilean young people according to their reasons for not working or studying. Based on data from a subsample of 236,424 subjects included in the Chilean Socioeconomic Characterisation Survey, descriptive, cluster, and bivariate analyses were performed. These analyses revealed 3 NEET profiles according to the presence of certain barriers ─family, health, attitudinal, psychological, or access-related─ or a lack of interest in working and/or studying. Subjects were thus classed as: unidimensional NEET, bi-dimensional NEET, and disinterested. The data revealed that a large number of young people are inactive and that gender factors have an impact on the presence of barriers. The data also confirmed the complexity of NEET status, calling into question its use as an analytic category. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the need for a gender-informed approach in the analysis and intervention efforts targeting this group in Chile.

The Evaluation of Physical Activity Habits in North Italian People before and during COVID-19 Quarantine: A Pilot Study.

COVID-19 caused a global pandemic state. Many governments enforced quarantines which had several negative effects on peoples’ health. The present study aimed to investigate the social restriction effects on the physical activity (PA) habits of north Italian people and understand whether PA was a healthy support during lockdown. Moreover, it analysed some possible strategies which could promote an active lifestyle when the pandemic ends. A new questionnaire was proposed (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.816), and 309 surveys were collected in people from two Italian regions (53.72% from Emilia-Romagna and 46.28% from Veneto; 62.46% were female and 37.54% were male; and the age range was 46.67 ± 15.45 years). The number of younger people (≤25 years) who practiced PA increased during lockdown (p < 0.01); in addition, they were more active than people who were 26–35 years old (p < 0.001). The training frequency before COVID-19 was higher in females than males (p = 0.01), and the frequency of weekly PA increased during lockdown in groups aged 26–35 years (p < 0.001). Despite the fact that PA was a psychological support during lockdown (p < 0.001), performing forced home-based PA demotivated people (p < 0.001). Finally, people thought to practice outdoor PA (OPA) at the end of lockdown because they wanted to retain contact with nature, which can improve psychological well-being. Future strategies to promote OPA may increase participation in PA, especially in older people.

Struktur Populasi Hirangan (Trachypithecus cristatus) di Desa Beringin Kencana Kabupaten Barito Kuala

Beringin Kencana is a village located in Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The Beringin Kencana area contains mangrove areas, swamp forests, rice fields, settlements and oil palm plantations. The Beringin Kencana area, which is located on the border of the Barito Kuala and Central Kalimantan regions, is an area that has not been widely publicized, especially the diversity of flora and fauna that exist, so it needs to be introduced to the public widely. The results showed that the population of Hirangan in Beringin Kencana Village was obtained from adults 2.61 individuals/Ha, young 1.07 individuals/Ha and tillers 1.90 individuals/Ha. Pyramid on the population structure of hirangan in Banyan Kendi village is in the form of an urn/kendi. Pyramid shaped caddy shows that the number of young people is less than the number of adults.

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PRESERVING THE MATTOJANG TRADITION IN Kamiri VILLAGE BALUSU DISTRICT, BARRU REGENCY

This study aims to provide a concrete description of how the participation of all elements of society in preserving the mattojang tradition in Kamiri Village, Balusu District, Barru Regency. In this research used descriptive qualitative research type. This research was conducted in Kamiri Village, Balusu District, Barru Regency which was carried out for 3 months starting from May-July 2021. Data collection techniques were: observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data analysis technique used consists of three stages, namely; data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions (Miles and Huberman 2014). The results of the study show that community participation in preserving the mattojang tradition in Kamiri village, Balusu district, Barru district from community leaders, traditional leaders, and perpetrators of the mattojang tradition can be categorized quite well. This conclusion is based on the results of data analysis through research indicators: mind participation, energy participation, mind participation and skill participation, goods participation and money participation. From the results of the study, it can also be concluded that community participation from the younger generation is categorized as quite low. Based on the data obtained, this condition is quite worrying considering that the number of parents who understand the mattojang tradition is decreasing. On the other hand, the number of young people is quite large, but their concern for the mattojang tradition is decreasing. Therefore, special attention is needed to make efforts to raise awareness of the younger generation so that they are more concerned with their traditions.

THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TEACHING AND STUDENT STAFF OF THE KAMYANETS-PODILSK PLANNING AND ECONOMIC BOARDING SCHOOL DURING THE LAST DECADE OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT

Introduction. In our country, there are special educational institutions that provide equal rights and opportunities for persons with disabilities to obtain a certain level of education. Their activities are based on the principles of nondiscrimination, taking into account the diversity of people, effective involvement and inclusion in the educational process. It is important to study the historical aspects of the activities of these institutions. One of them was created in the early 70s of the XX century. in Kamianets-Podilskyi. Purpose The goal is to show the formation of the teaching and students staff of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Planning and Economic Technical Boarding School in the 1970s and 1980s, to find out its main characteristics. Results. At the technical school, considerable attention was paid to the formation of the teaching staff. The quantitative composition of teachers was stable, with the exception of the middle and second half of the 80s, when there was a significant quantitative decrease in the number of teachers. The administration of the institution paid special attention to the professional level of teachers, especially those who taught special disciplines. A mandatory condition was the availability of practical experience, thanks to which teachers could professionally combine theory and practice in classes. A mandatory attribute of that time was raising the ideological and political level of teachers. In this connection, attention was drawn to the growth of the party stratum in their environment. One of the priority directions of the work of the technical school was the formation of the student’s groups. In general, the contingents of first-year students were not stable, and the competitions for admission were not low, which was explained by the specific composition of applicants. Among the entrants were persons who had experience in production. As for the total number of students, it was quite stable with a slight decrease in the number of young people in the 1980s. In terms of social composition, the student population was dominated by people from collective farm workers-peasants, by nationality – Ukrainians, and by gender – women.

FORMATION OF RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD WHEN WORKING WITH YOUTH

In the process of historical progress, the family was and remains the most important social institution of society. The manifestation of interest in the processes taking place in the institution of the family is connected with the fact that it is assigned a determining role in the process of personality development. Therefore, the future of society depends on the family. Society defines parenthood as care, control and promotion of the child’s development. Every man and every woman who has reached sexual maturity has the potential to become parents. The birth of the first child can be a significant transitional event in the life of a man and a woman, it is during this period that they acquire the status of fatherhood and motherhood. The socio-psychological readiness to perform the role of parents often does not coincide with the biological capacity for this role. Young people see fatherhood as a traditional cultural value, and the birth of children acts as a motivating factor for many to get married. However, young people in their real behavior are oriented towards the values of professional career growth and the achievement of material well-being. That is, it is necessary to motivate young people to get married and have children, thus they will improve the demographic situation in the country. The understanding of responsible parenting refers to parental behavior based on the best interests of the child, namely in relation to upbringing, development of abilities, as well as recognition and orientation, which includes compliance with the framework in which the child can fully develop. The need to strengthen the family is not in doubt today, as serious transformations are taking place in it, which have a number of negative manifestations. Practice of unregistered relationships between young people; an increase in the number of young people who do not plan to have children or postpone their birth; an increase in the number of singleparent families – all this is a consequence of the unconscious and irresponsible attitude of parents to the issue of childbirth. In other words, it is necessary to prepare young people for the responsible performance of the role of father in the family.

Factors affecting the intention to purchase accommodation services when traveling in Sa Dec City, Vietnam of gen Z

Sa Dec Flower Village, Vietnam can be regarded as the Flower City with hundreds of beautiful and strange flowers. The number of young people, especially Generation Z, traveling in Sadec is increasing day by day. The study mentions the factors influencing Gen Z behavior and purchase intent when traveling, particularly to Sa Dec tourist destinations. Research identifies observed variables to build a questionnaire and conduct interviews with experts in the research field. Besides, the study through surveying 300 people, and from the survey results of the questionnaire, coding variables, and using SPSS 20.0 software to process data and test the reliability of the scale, the object, and scope of the research are young people of Generation Z from 18-25 years old. The results show that Sa Dec City lodging establishments need to catch the trend of potential customers – Generation Z – from whom they can provide direction and develop appropriate programs to attract and satisfy this customer group.

Forecast of the birth rate and prevalence of the population of subjects of the Russian Federation from the position of assessment of their reproductive potential

Introduction. At present, negative trends in medical and demographic indicators continue to persist in the regions of the Russian Federation, which is seen as a consequence of a decrease in the number of young people due to the demographic “hole” of the late 20th century and an increase in the incidence of the population, especially adolescence. Therefore, to develop programs for the formation and protection of the population’s reproductive health, it is of no small importance to identify the patterns of morbidity rates in the population to determine the reproductive potential of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Purpose. Study the trend of population morbidity, assessment of the relationship and medium-term predicted values of the birth rate and incidence of the population of certain constituent entities of the Russian Federation to assess their reproductive potential. Material and methods: statistical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) in the sections “Demography” and “Healthcare”. The analysis of the dynamics of birth rate indicators and morbidity of the population was carried out. Predictive models for fertility and morbidity of the population were built based on one-factor linear regression, where the birth rate was taken as the dependent variable, and the primary morbidity was taken as the independent variable. Results. The article presents a dynamic analysis of the birth rate, the morbidity rate of the adult, child and adolescent population in four studied territories: the Republic of Tatarstan, Sakha (Yakutia), Dagestan and the Kostroma region. It was revealed that in all regions, there is a decrease in fertility rates, starting from 2014-2015. Conclusion. Based on regression models, a forecast of the birth rate was compiled, which shows that if the existing trends continue, by 2024 relative to 2018, there will be a decrease in the birth rate in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) by 1.2 per 1,000 population, in the Republic of Dagestan - by 0.6 per 1,000 people, in the Kostroma region - by 0.5 per 1,000 people. However, in the Republic of Tatarstan, the indicator is forecasted to be higher than in 2018 - by 0.6 per 1,000 people.

KAP towards COVID-19: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students in Malaysia

Higher educational centres with significant numbers of young people will become acute disease hubs during a pandemic. Owing to the sizeable population of young adults, more direct social interaction, and unrestricted boundaries, universities have the capacity to become volatile, centrifugal outbreak hubs. This research examines the university student’s knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the COVID-19 pandemic in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to obtain the data and analysed utilising SPSS software with a sample size of 2061 USIM students. Descriptive statistics, Likert scale analysis, multiple linear regression, as well as Pearson correlation, were used to identify the relationship between KAP. It was discovered that most of the USIM’s students have an excellent knowledge (85%) and attitude (73.8%) towards COVID-19. However, they moderately practice the right steps to prevent themselves from virus infection. This is very likely due to unpreparedness in responding to a critical situation such as this pandemic. In other words, it can be said that although students have a pretty good knowledge on the matter, still, attitude and practice have much room for improvement. The study finds significant relationship between practice and both knowledge and attitude.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Patriotic Education Programs by High School Students in the Regions of the Siberian Federal District

The main content of federal and regional programs for patriotic education of the citizens of the Russian Federation is targeted at work with school students, which puts emphasis on the analysis of young people opinion of these programs effectiveness. Basing on the data of the mass survey of senior school students in 10 regions of the Siberian Federal district, the article brings out their grounds for differentiating patriot and non-patriot, the comparative analysis of representations of these groups of pupils as about priority subjects of patriotic education and effective execution of its particular trends. The article has pointed out positive attitude of the majority of school students to anchoring patriotic values in youth environment through patriotic films. Young people have ambiguous attitude to the idea of compulsory patriotic education in schools and universities, and school students who do not identify themselves as patriots are negative about it. The participation of school students in patriotic events has been linked to their further self-identification as patriots. The authors emphasize that the formalized approach to working with young people leads in practice to a low level of their awareness of the content of the main directions of patriotic education, weak and not systematic involvement of schoolchildren in patriotic events and the work of patriotic associations. Based on the results of the study, the article concludes that there is a fairly large number of young people who do not share patriotic values and critically assess the effectiveness of many areas of patriotic education programs.

Qualitative research on the impact of education in China on graduates of foreign students from Central Asian countries

China provides various scholarship programs to countries along the Belt and Road route. In this regard, the number of young people from Central Asia and developing countries willing to study in China is growing. The current trend in the training of young specialists in China raises the question:&nbsp; How does the experience gained while studying at universities in China affect on the lifestyle and activity of graduates from Central Asian countries? The purpose of our research is to to help us understand&nbsp; the role of Chinese higher education in the training of young specialists from Central Asian countries. The study used qualitative analysis as the main method for obtaining answers. The online interview method was used..The mini-research participants were 16 graduates from Central Asian countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. At the analytical stage of the research, the “Grounded theory” method of Strauss Corbin was applied. As a result of the study, four directions were identified that indicate the impact of education in Chinese universities on the life and work of graduates from Central Asian countries: (1) Cross-cultural integration; (2) Self-knowledge and self-formation in the environment of an international environment; (3) Language capabilities: improving language skills in learning Chinese and other languages; (4) Impact on employment. The authors of the study found that getting an education in China for graduates from Central Asian countries provides a flexible opportunity for employment in an international environment or in business. On the other hand, it contributes to the preparation of integrated leaders with experience of cross-cultural cooperation. Research supported by Postdoctoral Program of International Training for Young Talents in Guangdong Province and Guangzhou University School of Education. Keywords: education in China, graduates, Central Asian countries, international education, impact.

Health Informatics on Adolescents Smoking Based on the Miryoku Engineering Analysis Framework.

Smoking among young people has aroused widespread concern in society. The number of young people who smoke has increased year by year, which has largely affected their health. Therefore, how to improve the prevention and control rate of tobacco harm, thereby reducing the smoking rate of young people has become an important issue. Based on the glamour engineering research method that can specifically solve the problem of attractiveness between users and products, the user preference of young people's smoking behavior is studied through the evaluation structure method and quantitative type I analysis, and the potential attractive factors are analyzed. Among them, there are 7 important attractive characteristics that affect the first attempt to smoke. These seven factors are divided into two aspects, namely, personal preference factors and environmental factors. The statistical data obtained through data analysis will be tested in the KMO field. The KMO values are 0.827 and 0.687, respectively, and the statistical results have obvious scores, so this study is effective. By quantifying one category, the partial correlation coefficients of different categories can be found, that is, specific solutions. This method provides a reference for ways and means to curb smoking behavior and also provides a case study for studying user perception. According to the research results, we seek ways to influence the smoking preferences of young people and then adopt some artificial methods to intervene in the generation of these factors, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing smoking among young people.