Number Of Tuberculosis Patients Research Articles

Analysis of Sociodemographic Factors that Influence the Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Sufferers with Diabetes Mellitus in Medan City, 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze sociodemographic factors that influence the quality of life of tuberculosis sufferers with diabetes mellitus in Medan City, 2023. The approach in this research is cross sectional. The number of tuberculosis patients in Medan City who are still undergoing treatment from January to July 2023 is 357 patients. Sample for this research is 172 respondents. Data analysis used in this research used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The results of the research show that education has a relationship with the quality of life of tuberculosis sufferers with diabetes mellitus in Medan City, 2023. Age, gender, occupation, and income have no relationship on the quality of life of tuberculosis sufferers with diabetes mellitus in Medan City, 2023. Age and education influence the quality of life of tuberculosis sufferers with diabetes mellitus in Medan City, 2023. Gender, occupation, and income have no effect on the quality of life of tuberculosis sufferers with diabetes mellitus in Medan City, 2023. Keywords: Education, Age, Gender, Occupation, Income, Quality of Life

Comparative Characteristics of the Clinical and Epidemic Situation with Co-Infection of HIV and Tuberculosis in Kyiv in the Pre-Pandemic Period and During the Full-Scale War in 2022

Objective — to study the epidemic situation in the city of Kyiv in 2022 compared to 2019 for HIV infection and tuberculosis, as the leading opportunistic infections Materials and methods. A systematic and statistical analysis of data from official statistical reports and analytical collections on the prevalence and characteristics of the course of HIV infection and tuberculosis in Kyiv for 2019 and 2022 was conducted. Results and discussion. The analysis of general data of seroepidemiological monitoring of the spread of HIV infection was carried out. The structure of the transmission routes of HIV infection was analyzed, and the CD4 levels of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection at the time of registration were assessed. The incidence of AIDS and co-infection of HIV + tuberculosis was also considered. Additionally, we analyzed the patient spectrum with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection requiring inpatient treatment. Conclusions. A significant increase in the HIV-infected patients registry in Kyiv for 2022 due to internally displaced persons was noted. Reduction of testing leads to low detectability of HIV infection. When assessing the structure of transmission routes, it was found that socially active, healthy, working-age individuals are affected. Most cases of HIV infection continue to be detected in advanced stages of immunodeficiency. Tuberculosis remains a relevant disease for AIDS patients. The decrease in the number of tuberculosis patients with the increase in the number of HIV-infected persons with AIDS may be due to the underdetection of tuberculosis among this category of patients. The issue of providing medical institutions with modern test systems for detecting HIV infection and tuberculosis, as well as sufficient medical facilities and the number of specialized medical personnel for continuous comprehensive monitoring of the situation of this co-infection, is acute.

Distribution pattern and spatial analysis of factors for tuberculosis (TB) cases in Bandar Lampung City in 2022

Background: Indonesia will be free of TB (Tuberculosis) in 2050, and elimination will begin in 2030. TB cases are still high in Bandar Lampung City, so efforts are needed to solve the problem. Mapping of TB cases using a Geographic Information Spatial (GIS) approach was performed in this study to evaluate the spreading patterns of TB patients so that policies can be taken to deal with TB cases in an epidemiological manner. Methods: The research was conducted in 31 public health centers in Bandar Lampung City. The number of TB patients in this study was 879 people. Making maps for visualizing the spread of TB patients using Archgis software, data were analyzed with Geoda and Moran's Index to see the spatial relationship between variables. Results: The spatial analysis using Geoda found a spatial relationship between TB patients and population density (p=0.00079) and the distance between the TB patient's house and the health center (p=0.00000). However, there was a significant relationship between the underprivileged group (p=0.21682) and topography (p= 0.29139). The Z score for the 4 variables is quite large and >Z0.95, so the distribution pattern of TB patients is stated to be clustered (cluster). Conclusion: Based on the TB patients mapping and the spatial analysis, it is known that the distribution pattern of TB patients in Bandar Lampung City forms a clusters pattern, and there is an autocorrelation relationship between population density, underprivileged groups, height and distance from the TB patient's house to the health center.

Development of Liposomal Dry Powder Inhalation to Increase the Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Therapy

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most threatening infectious diseases for Indonesian people. The number of TB patients in 2020 was estimated at 845,000 people with 98,000 deaths. One of the factors that causes difficulty in TB therapy is the lack of adherence and the slow development of new antibiotics when antibiotic resistance appears. The development of nanotechnology-based preparation has the potential to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of the active ingredients, such as in the dry powder inhaler form, which allows the active ingredients to be delivered efficiently to the lungs as the target organs.
 Keywords: tuberculosis, liposomes, antibiotics, dry powder inhalation

Challenges in stafng of TB services with phthisiologists

In order to understand problems, resources, and ways of improving TB epidemic situation, it is important to analyze stafng of TB Services.Subjects and Methods. The number of phthisiologists, full-time and employed positions of phthisiologists in 2011-2020 was assessed based of Federal Statistical Surveillance Form no. 30, and for the period of 2005-2014, Form no. 17 was additionally used. The number of phthisiologists was calculated as the ratio of the number of phthisiologists (Form no. 30) to the population at the end of the reporting year multiplied by 10,000. The physician workforce capacity was additionally analyzed based on audit reports of on-site visits in 10 regions of the Russian Federation (RF) in 2021.Results. As of late 2020, the stafng level with physical persons amounted to 52.5%, the shortage of personnel was more than 4,000 phthisiologists. The provision of the population with phthisiologists ranged from 0.49 (2014) to 0.47 per 10,000 population (2020). In 2011-2020, the coefcient of part-time employment varied from 1.6 to 1.7, exceeding the regulatory value (no more than 1.5) but for 2019. The sampling analysis in 10 regions of the Russian Federation demonstrated that the proportion of phthisiologists of retirement age among physicians was 37.2%. In 2011-2020, the number of tuberculosis patients per one phthisiologist position decreased from 19.0 to 7.8, the number of patients with multiple drug resistant tuberculosis - from 2.7 to 2.1. There is a significant decrease in the number of staff positions and occupied positions of phthisiologists providing medical care in out-patient settings (by 14.0%), while the number of phthisiologists in in-patient facilities remained the same.Conclusion. Challenges in stafng of TB Services are as follows: shortage of personnel, high level of phthisiologists working part-time, insufcient stafng of out-patient and polyclinic services, high proportion of physicians of pre-retirement and retirement age and insufcient level of professional competence of young specialists.

Nursing Care of Clients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Ineffective Airway Cleaning in General Hospitals Koja area, North Jakarta

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium is rod-shaped and is acid-resistant, so it is known as Acid-resistant Bacilli (BTA). Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) on the 8th floor of Block B at Koja Hospital, North Jakarta, from the last 6 months there has been an increase, obtained from data on the number of tuberculosis patients in July 2017, 324 people. This study aims to determine the comparison of the three respondents, namely client 1 (Mrs.M) and client 2 (Mrs.Y), Client 3 (Mr.D) correctly performs Deep Breathing and Effective Coughing on the independence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients. The research method is descriptive with a case study approach, namely by carrying out nursing care in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) starting from assessment, intervention, implementation and evaluation of nursing. And data collection can be carried out for 6 days at Koja North Jakarta Hospital. Data analysis requires further treatment and collaboration with other medical teams, clients and families which are very necessary for the success of nursing care. It can be seen from the variable results on Nursing Care of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) patients. It can be seen from the results of independent activity variables doing Deep Breathing and Effective Exhalation correctly.

Prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in South India—a cross-sectional analytical study

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus (DM) among tuberculosis (TB) patients and to assess the additional yield and number needed to screen (NNS) to obtain a newly...

Trends in pattern of tuberculosis in Sharkia Governorate at Ministry of Health and Population Chest Hospitals from 2016 to 2019

BackgroundTuberculosis is a communicable disease that is one of the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent (ranking above human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The aim of this work was to study the trend of applying the tuberculosis control program at the ministry of health and population chest hospitals, Sharkia, Egypt.ResultsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out using medical records from the tuberculosis registry at Ministry of Health and Population chest hospitals, Sharkia Governorate. The investigated variables included demographic characteristics, type of tuberculosis infection, and affected organs. All data were coded and statistically analyzed. A total 1404 cases of tuberculosis were notified between 2016 and 2019 with male predominance, where 67.1% were males and 32.9% were females. The highest number of tuberculosis patients was from the reproductive age groups. During the 4-year study period, the highest percentage of cases was new cases and the highest frequency of cases was during 2017 and the lowest frequency was during 2016. There was a decline in the total number of cases in 2018 and 2019 after sharp increase of total cases in 2017: pulmonary tuberculosis cases showed a sharp decline in 2017; however, there was an increase in extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases during 2017 then a slight decrease in 2018 and 2019. Of the pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 83.8% were smear-positive tuberculosis.ConclusionsPulmonary smear-positive and new cases were the most common among the recorded cases of tuberculosis. Productive age groups represented large percentage of the studied cases of tuberculosis. Lymph node and bones were the most common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among reported cases in this study.

The accuracy comparison of the RK-4 and RK-5 method of SEIR model for tuberculosis cases in South Sulawesi

This research discusses about the accuracy of the 4th and 5th order Runge-Kutta methods (RK-4 and RK-5) as a numerical solution in the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) mathematical model of Tuberculosis (TB) transmission in South Sulawesi. The data used are secondary data on the number of TB patients in South Sulawesi sourced from the South Sulawesi Health Office. The research begins by further examining the SEIR model on TB transmission, then looking for general solutions of the SEIR model with the 4th-order and 5th-order Runge-Kutta methods, parameter determination, simulation and results analysis. In this research, the movement graph is obtained from the SEIR model with real data. After analysing the numerical simulation, the accuracy of the 4th-order and 5th-order Runge-Kutta methods is compared, then the two methods are compared to observe a more accurate method. The result of this research shown that the simulation of SEIR model is accurate to predict TB cases in South Sulawesi. The Runge-Kutta method can used to observe trends in the spread of TB in South Sulawesi. The numerical simulation shown that the 5th-order more accurate than the 4th-order Runge-Kutta methods. The results of the modelling are simulated using Maple can predict the number of TB cases which can be used by the government as a consideration to prevent the spread of TB in South Sulawesi.

Differential X-ray diagnosis of pseudotuberculous scenario of pulmonary abscess with tuberculous cavities

Background. Recent decades in Ukraine have been characterized by a significant increase in the number of tuberculosis patients, often with forming cavities of destruction. X-ray diagnosis of lung cavitary lesions is one of the current issues of modern pulmonology and thoracic surgery. Pulmonary abscesses resemble other diseases with destruction and cavities substantiating the need for differential diagnosis with tuberculosis. 
 Purpose – specifying particular scenarios of X-ray presentation of lung abscess and determining the capability of differential diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis with cavities of tuberculosis etiology.
 Materials and methods. The paper deals with the analysis of X-ray examination of thoracic viscera provided for 252 patients with lung abscess, aged 18 and up to 78. X-ray radiography in two projections, linear and computed tomography (56 patients involved) were performed. All patients underwent a study over time.
 Results. Almost in most lung abscess cases, there is a need for differential diagnosis with a range of medical entities. The obtained data have made it possible to suggest a classification of X-ray scenarios of lung abscess. The scenarios of X-ray presentation of acute pulmonary abscess are typical and atypical, among those: cystoid, pseudotuberculous, affected 38 patients (15 %), and pulmonary-pleural. The peculiarities of X-ray presentation of pseudotuberculous scenario along with the differences and signs allowing to make an accurate diagnosis have been specified.
 Conclusions. X-ray study remains an essential in diagnosing purulent-destructive diseases. Being familiar with the scenarios mentioned above and pseudotuberculous one, in particular, will make it possible to significantly improve diagnosis as well as differential diagnosis of pulmonary abscess.

Stamping Out the ‘Nation-Ruining Disease’: Anti-Tuberculosis Campaigns in US-Occupied Okinawa

Summary This article examines tuberculosis prevention campaigns in US-occupied Okinawa in the 1950s and 60s. The number of tuberculosis patients in Okinawa increased after World War II due to the influx of repatriates and construction workers. This article highlights both the social and cultural aspects of the Okinawan fight against tuberculosis by focusing on key figures in anti-tuberculosis projects: public health nurses and Kabira Chōshin (1909–98), the chief of the Ryukyu Anti-Tuberculosis Association.1 While the public health nurses promoted tuberculosis prevention by closely supporting tuberculosis patients and educating the population, Kabira tried to connect anti-tuberculosis campaigns with the restoration of Ryukyuan culture. By analysing their anti-tuberculosis efforts, this article argues that the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis under the US occupation constituted a site where people’s calls for a better life became intimately interconnected with US Cold War militarism, on one hand, and with ‘pro-reversion’ sentiment, on the other.

Peculiarities of pulmonary tuberculosis in a COVID-19 pandemic

Objective. To evaluate the features of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
 Materials and methods. Leading foreign technical sources on the course of TB during the COVID-19 pandemic have been developed.
 Results and discussion. Respiratory tract infections remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. The list of World Health Organization (WHO) priority projects for research and development at the end of December 2019 included only three pathogens: coronavirus of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), coronavirus of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), mycobacterium TB. In January 2020, SARS-CoV-2, which is the cause of COVID-19, was added to the list of priorities. On March 11, 2020, the WHO announced a pandemic of a new dangerous disease – COVID-19. The pandemic has bypassed all other health problems and has become key worldwide and continues to spread, especially in countries with a high burden of TB, including Ukraine. Modern measures for social distancing and staying at home make it difficult to implement a program to provide quality TB care. This can have serious consequences for existing and undiagnosed TB patients worldwide, in particular in low- and middle-income countries where TB is endemic and health services are poorly equipped. It will be important to ensure access to uninterrupted quality care and care for everyone with TB.
 Conclusions. On average, TB detection in Ukraine decreased by 27.4 %, and the incidence of TB among children decreased by 34.5 %. These are alarming figures, because we know very well that within 6 months the number of TB patients has not decreased, they have simply stopped being diagnosed. Launched cases began to be registered more and more often, and in the conditions of strict quarantine patients – active bacterial isolates pose a threat to contact persons, especially from risk groups according to COVID-19. All of the above is a clear example of the future problem we will deal with in the coming years.

Respiratory tuberculosis: epidemiological monitoring and prevention

Aim. The analysis of epidemiological monitoring of respiratory tuberculosis in the Russian Federation, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Amur Region is carried out, which makes it possible to assess the levels and regional features of the spread of pathology among the population and territorial entities, the dynamics of morbidity and the effectiveness of preventive measures. Materials and methods. For the organization of the study, the methods of structural and comparative analysis, statistical and information-analytical methods, databases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) were used. Results. The analysis shows that tuberculosis is an important medico-social problem due to the high level of prevalence and adverse outcomes of its clinical course, representing a serious threat to human health and plays a large role in the formation of high social burden. At the same time, in recent years, in the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole and the Amur Region in particular, significant success has been achieved in the area of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of medical care for tuberculosis patients. Since 2010, primary incidence rates and the number of tuberculosis patients have decreased by 37 and 38%, respectively, and in the Amur Region – by 2.4 and 2.0 times. The share of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis among newly diagnosed patients has decreased by 9.7% since 2005, and the microbiological coverage of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the region is almost 100%, while the level of bacterial excretion among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in the Amur Region is the lowest among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (16.1 per 100 000 population). The coverage of the population with routine inspections using fluorography methods in the Amur Region is the highest among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and amounted to 94.0% in 2017. The effectiveness of treatment of patients with respiratory tuberculosis is significantly increased. As a result, the mortality rate of the population due to tuberculosis has decreased 3.9 times since 2005. At the same time, the Amur Region is included in the list of 8 subjects of the Russian Federation, where a high incidence of tuberculosis is combined with a high level of organization in the detection and treatment of the disease.

Institutional capacity on protection against infectious diseases in Ukraine

The reform of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and protection of the population against infectious diseases is accompanied by serious challenges and unforeseen circumstances. In Ukraine, a significant number of persons who are infected with hepatitis C and B. Ukraine is a leader in Europe in terms of HIV prevalence. In 2019, half of all measles cases in the European Region were reported in Ukraine. In the same year, the number of cases of diphtheria increased. In Ukraine, a significant number of tuberculosis patients. Coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide today. In this article, we will focus on issues Institutional capacity on protection against infectious diseases in particular, and sanitary-epidemiological surveillance in particular.
 The Ministry of Health of Ukraine is the central executive authority, which provides formation and implementation of the state policy on protection of the population health against infectious diseases. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine also ensures the formation of state policy in the areas of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.
 What executive authority implements the state policy in the sphere of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, regarding the protection of the population from infectious diseases? This authority was the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine (SES). In 2014, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine decided to reorganize the SES. The decision on the reorganization of the SES was appealed in court and was found unlawful. In 2017, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine changed its previous decision - now the SES was not subject to reorganization but liquidation. In terms of unlawfulness / lawfulness of actions (decision-making) by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine were analyzed. The conclusion: Cabinet of Ministers had been acted in full compliance with the requirements of the legislation.
 An analysis of the history of the delegation of powers of the SES (including the results of court proceedings in this case) shows that: the functions of the implementation of state policy that belonged to the SES were entrusted to the State Service on Food Safety and Customer Protection, without functions of the implementation of state policy in the field of epidemiological surveillance.
 The problem is that, term what is “epidemiological surveillance”, at least at the legislative level is not set. At national legislation is enshrined and detailed in the subordinate legal acts “state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance”. It is justified that the transfer of the powers of the SES was not carried out properly and, in fact, its powers are not assigned to any of the state authorities.

Adverse drug reactions in patients taking anti tuberculosis therapy from directly observed treatment short course centre at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya: a cross sectional study

Background: Ending the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the sustainable development goals. Side effects to anti-TB drugs are common and may lead to reduced compliance to treatment. These adverse effects must be recognized early to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Objective of this study was to determine the adverse drug reactions (ADR) to anti-tubercular therapy among patients visiting directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) centre MIMS, Mandya.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at DOTS Centre MIMS, Mandya. TB patients registered at DOTS Centre during the year 2018 were selected for the study. Verbal informed consent was taken from the TB patients and interviewed using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and chi square test.Results: Among the study population (n=90), 67 (74.4%) experienced ADR among which 47.7% took treatment for ADR and the remaining 52.3% patients were given reassurance. In this study, gastrointestinal manifestations (42.3%) were the most common adverse drug reaction (ADR). Of the TB patients who experienced ADR, 9.0% of them had interrupted ATT, however they completed full course of ATT.Conclusions: A considerable number of TB patients taking ATT experience ADRs and some of them may have to interrupt treatment. However, they need to be counselled or supervised with caution to complete their course of treatment to reduce the chances of treatment default and also reduce the occurrence of drug resistance.

English

The predisposing factors and the cost implications of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Benue State, Makurdi, was investigated. Information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the patients was obtained using a structured questionnaire. The female had a higher (56.5%) number of TB patients than the male (43.5%). Most of the TB patients were married (52%). A larger percentage had tertiary education (34%). Majority of the TB patients were civil servants (41%) and 78.5% earned less than N 100,000 monthly. Those living in flats and bungalows made up a greater percentage of TB patients, and majority (55%) of them had more than five persons in their households (reflecting family size). It was also observed that many of the patients (54.5%) ate together or shared cutleries and about one-half (49.5%) of the patients reported that they were sleeping together on same bed with family members. In terms of house location most of the TB patients lived in North Bank (25.5%) and Wadata (22.5%). Mostly children (31.5%) and wives (30.5%) were affected by the TB disease; the proportion of affected husbands and relatives were lower. Many (71.5%) reported that they did not have health insurance and had stopped work because of TB ailment. Majority of the TB patients made substantial out-of-pocket expenses: up to 57.5% spent more than ₦500 on transport per visit, 52% spent more than ₦2000 on complementary test while 75.5% spent above ₦2000 on non-TB tests. From the findings of this study, it may be necessary to provide an enabling environment that facilitates treatment completion such as isolation of patients and adequate ventilation. A shorter treatment regimen eliminating visits to the healthcare should be encouraged.   Key words: Predisposing factors, cost, tuberculosis (TB), Makurdi.

Tuberculosis transmission with relapse in Indonesia: susceptible vaccinated infected recovered model

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease prevented by the vaccination of Bacillus Calmette-Geurin (BCG). The sufferer is treated by giving the Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS). The patients sometimes do not take the medicine regularly so that the TB-bacteria do not completely vanish from their body. The bacteria only weaken so the patients can be re-infected (relapse). Mathematical modelling can be used to determine TB transmission based on changes in the number of TB patients. By concerning vaccination and relapse factors, a susceptible vaccinated infected recovered (SVIR) model with relapse in TB transmission need to be developed. Indonesia got the second rank in the new case of TB in the world. In the national program of TB prevention, Indonesia has three indicators i.e. prevalence, incidence, and mortality rate. In this article, we derive SVIR model with relapse in TB transmission, then apply the model in Indonesia and measure its accuracy. Furthermore, we also predict the three indicators of TB in Indonesia. The model is nonlinear first-order differential equations. The model is applied in Indonesia by estimating parameters based on 2004-2014 data. Model accuracy is measured based on relative errors in 2015 and 2016. Absolute values of relative error S, V, I, R, and TB incidence are less than 0.1. Thus, the model is said to be quite accurate and can be used to predict the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of TB in Indonesia. The prediction of these three indicators shows a decline year by year with an average decrease of 1.90% for prevalence and mortality rates and 1.68% for incidence rates.

An Efficiency Assessment of Tuberculosis Treatment on Health Centers: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

This study utilized Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in assessing the efficiency of health center in tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Assessing the efficiency of health center treating TB is a vital and sensitive topic, because there is a cumulative amount of public funds devoted to healthcare. In this research, a DEA model has been correlated to evaluate and assess the efficiency of 17 health centers. The researchers selected the health budget and the number of health workers as input variables likewise, the number of people served, number of TB patients served, and TB patients treated (%) as output variables. Based on the result of the study, only five (5) health centers out of seventeen (17) have 100% efficiencies throughout the 2 years period. It is recommended that other health centers should learn from their efficient peers recognized by the DEA model so as to increase the overall performance of the healthcare system. Likewise, health centers should integrate Health Information Technology to deliver healthier care for their patients.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT TBC DENGAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN TBC PADA KEPALA KELUARGA DI PADUKUHAN NOLOGATEN, KECAMATAN DEPOK, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

ABSTRACTBackground : Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection disease which it caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2014, there were 422 people infected gram positive bacil. It mostly found in Sleman. Depok primary health care reported, region of Nologaten has the highest number of TB patients compared to other areas. This happen due to the prevention hasn’t done optimally by citizen from Region of Nologaten .Purpose : The purpose of this research was determine the relationship between knowledge level of TB to the head of the family and behavior due the effort from prevention tuberculosis disease. Methods : This research is quantitative analysis with cross sectional design. The sample of this research was 85 respondents (head of family) from Region of Nologaten with stratified random sampling. The instruments use a questionnaire with deep interview and observation. Bivariat Analysis used is chi square test.Result : The result of univariate analysis showed 70 respondents (82,4%) of have enough knowledge about the prevention of TB, and 63 respondents(74,1%) have good effort of preventing TB disease. Bivariate analysis with chi square with 95% confidence level, the result found that there is a relationship between knowledge and the prevention of TB (p = 0.011) Conclusion : It can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge of TB and behavior of prevention efforts to head of family in Region of Nologaten, Sleman

HIV INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN MOSCOW

The study is devoted to the evaluation of the impact of the spread of HIV infection on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in a megacity. Based on information from the registers of the tuberculosis monitoring system in Moscow for 2014-2015. A comparative analysis of indicators for patients with tuberculosis was conducted with the presence and absence of co-infected HIV infection. The results showed that among patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, patients from the city’s permanent population, from the age group of 31-40 years old, non-working, injecting drug users are much more likely than other TB patients. The number of tuberculosis patients who died of HIV infection, in comparison with the number of patients who died from tuberculosis, accounted for more than a third of the total number of tuberculosis-related deaths. Thus, when assessing the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of HIV infection to the values of the main indicators and their dynamics.