Respiratory tuberculosis: epidemiological monitoring and prevention

Abstract

Aim. The analysis of epidemiological monitoring of respiratory tuberculosis in the Russian Federation, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Amur Region is carried out, which makes it possible to assess the levels and regional features of the spread of pathology among the population and territorial entities, the dynamics of morbidity and the effectiveness of preventive measures. Materials and methods. For the organization of the study, the methods of structural and comparative analysis, statistical and information-analytical methods, databases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) were used. Results. The analysis shows that tuberculosis is an important medico-social problem due to the high level of prevalence and adverse outcomes of its clinical course, representing a serious threat to human health and plays a large role in the formation of high social burden. At the same time, in recent years, in the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole and the Amur Region in particular, significant success has been achieved in the area of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of medical care for tuberculosis patients. Since 2010, primary incidence rates and the number of tuberculosis patients have decreased by 37 and 38%, respectively, and in the Amur Region – by 2.4 and 2.0 times. The share of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis among newly diagnosed patients has decreased by 9.7% since 2005, and the microbiological coverage of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the region is almost 100%, while the level of bacterial excretion among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in the Amur Region is the lowest among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (16.1 per 100 000 population). The coverage of the population with routine inspections using fluorography methods in the Amur Region is the highest among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and amounted to 94.0% in 2017. The effectiveness of treatment of patients with respiratory tuberculosis is significantly increased. As a result, the mortality rate of the population due to tuberculosis has decreased 3.9 times since 2005. At the same time, the Amur Region is included in the list of 8 subjects of the Russian Federation, where a high incidence of tuberculosis is combined with a high level of organization in the detection and treatment of the disease.