Comparative Characteristics of the Clinical and Epidemic Situation with Co-Infection of HIV and Tuberculosis in Kyiv in the Pre-Pandemic Period and During the Full-Scale War in 2022

Abstract

Objective — to study the epidemic situation in the city of Kyiv in 2022 compared to 2019 for HIV infection and tuberculosis, as the leading opportunistic infections Materials and methods. A systematic and statistical analysis of data from official statistical reports and analytical collections on the prevalence and characteristics of the course of HIV infection and tuberculosis in Kyiv for 2019 and 2022 was conducted. Results and discussion. The analysis of general data of seroepidemiological monitoring of the spread of HIV infection was carried out. The structure of the transmission routes of HIV infection was analyzed, and the CD4 levels of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection at the time of registration were assessed. The incidence of AIDS and co-infection of HIV + tuberculosis was also considered. Additionally, we analyzed the patient spectrum with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection requiring inpatient treatment. Conclusions. A significant increase in the HIV-infected patients registry in Kyiv for 2022 due to internally displaced persons was noted. Reduction of testing leads to low detectability of HIV infection. When assessing the structure of transmission routes, it was found that socially active, healthy, working-age individuals are affected. Most cases of HIV infection continue to be detected in advanced stages of immunodeficiency. Tuberculosis remains a relevant disease for AIDS patients. The decrease in the number of tuberculosis patients with the increase in the number of HIV-infected persons with AIDS may be due to the underdetection of tuberculosis among this category of patients. The issue of providing medical institutions with modern test systems for detecting HIV infection and tuberculosis, as well as sufficient medical facilities and the number of specialized medical personnel for continuous comprehensive monitoring of the situation of this co-infection, is acute.