Number Of Smokers In Indonesia Research Articles

Peningkatan Status Kesehatan Masyarakat melalui Penyuluhan Dampak Negatif Merokok dan Kaitannya dengan Hipertensi pada penduduk di Desa Amiria Bahagia Kecamatan Simeulue Timur, Kabupaten Simeulu

Cigarette smoke is one of the causes of air pollution which can have adverse health effects. The number of smokers in Indonesia has increased in the last 10 years, thus the high prevalence of smoking harms people's health. One of the significant impacts on the human body is on the cardiovascular system, i.e, increasing blood pressure. Data from the East Simeulue Health Service 2023 recorded that the number of people experiencing hypertension reached 1,344 people. The high prevalence of hypertension in the East Simeulue sub-district is in line with the high prevalence of people who smoke in this area. Therefore, this community service activity aims to increase the understanding and knowledge of the inhabitants of Amiria Bahagia Village, East Simeulue District regarding the impact of smoking on health and incidences of hypertension. This activity was divided into two sessions: a health socialization and a blood pressure examination. The result from the health examinations found that for hypertension 31 (34,10%) respondents and non-hypertension 60 (65,90%) respondents out of the total 91 respondents. Of the smoking status, there are 52 (57,10%) respondents were smokers and 39 (42,90%) respondents were non-smokers. It is hoped that the results of this activity will increase public knowledge regarding the negative effects of smoking and risk factors for hypertension in the population of East Simeulue sub-district. The knowledge conveyed can contribute to improve the quality of public health and reduce the incidences of hypertension in the community.

Influencing factors of smoking behavior among adolescents: A literature review

Introduction: Smoking is a behavior that causes many problems, especially health problems. However, the number of smokers in Indonesia keeps increasing, including adolescents smokers. Although regulations have been made to reduce smoking behavior, the Indonesian people still continue to smoke. Method: This research method used literature reviews from PubMed and Google Scholar published between 2013 and 2021. Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that the influencing factors of smoking behavior among adolescents are the influence of friends (four articles), the influence of family (three articles), curiosity (two articles), stress level (one article), and lack of strict regulations regarding smoking behavior (one article). Conclusion: Factors that influence adolescents to smoke are the influence of friends, family influence, curiosity and trial and error, stress levels, and lack of application of regulations regarding smoking behavior.

KADAR HAEMOGLOBIN PADA PEROKOK DAN BUKAN PEROKOK

The number of smokers in Indonesia is increasing every year, thereby increasing the risk factors for various diseases such as: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological, vascular and malignancy. One of the blood components that has an impact as a result of smoking is Hemoglobin (Hb). Cigarettes produce many chemical compounds that are not good for the body, one of which is carbon dioxide. The high carbon dioxide will cause the affinity for oxygen and Hb to decrease, causing hypoxia. Hypoxia will affect Hb synthesis in the body. The design of this study was cross-sectional with a sample size of 55 people selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups. 28 people consisted of smokers and 27 non-smokers in the Mekarjaya area, Subang, West Java. This area is a lowland area so that it affects the Hb levels of the people around it. The lower a place to eat, the higher the partial pressure of oxygen. This dermographic factor is one of the factors causing the low respondent's Hb level. In addition, most of the respondent professions in this study were farmers who had heavy physical activity. Physical activity also affects a person's Hb levels. As many as 63.6% of respondents had low Hb levels, 34.5% had normal Hb levels and 1.9% had high Hb levels. There is a difference in Hb carbs between smokers and non-smokers with a p value <0.005.

Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Sekolah Menengah Atas Swasta Wilayah Perkotaan

The large number of smokers in Indonesia needs coordinated and integrated action to address, especially since the number of smokers among students continues to rise. One of the measures to address this issue is the no smoking area policy, including at school. However, no smoking area policy objectives must be supported by optimum policy execution. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Non-Smoking Area Policy at Pramita High School Tangerang City. This study uses qualitative research by conducting in-depth interviews. The principal, students, and counseling teachers are the three primary informants. Teachers and administrative personnel serve as the two supporting informants. The Content Analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Non-Smoking Areas Policy has yet to be implemented optimally at SMA Pramita Tangerang City. The school needs more resources and has yet to constitute a working group to enforce a smoke-free zone and consequences for breaches. There have also been no reporting systems for breaches of this policy, making it impossible to determine the number of violations and the level of compliance of school residents with this policy of no-smoking areas. A school must strengthen the implementation of No Smoking Areas by conducting socialization, developing a dedicated team, providing supporting facilities and infrastructure and imposing strict punishments on violators of the restrictions.

The Relationship of Smoking Hazard Message to Smoking Behavior in Students of North Sumatra State Islamic University

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Cigarettes are still a problem in the world and in Indonesia. The policy of pictorial message on cigarette packaging is regulated in Permenkes No. 28 of 2013 concerning the inclusion of warnings and health information on tobacco product packaging. The purpose of this study is to determine the Effect of Cigarette Danger Messages on Cigarette Packs on Smoking Behavior of North Sumatra State Islamic University Students. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional research design. This research was conducted at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The research period began in January-August 2021. The population in this study was all male students of North Sumatra State Islamic University which amounted to 13,598 students. The sample in this study was as many as 400 respondents in male students of North Sumatra State Islamic University. The data analysis of this study is univariate analysis with descriptive and bivariate analysis with correlation test. The results showed that there was an association between smoking message images causing oral cancer (p-value <0.001 r = -0.596), smoking message images causing lung cancer (p-value <0.001 r = -0.620), smoking message images causing throat cancer 1 (p-value <0.001 r = -0.536), smoking images causing lung and larynx cancer (p-value <0.001 r = -0.537) and smoking images causing laryngeal cancer (p-value <0.001 r = -0.621) smoking behavior students of UIN North Sumatra. It is hoped that the Health Office and the Ministry of Health will review or update the images on cigarette packs with more effective ones to be enlarged in order to reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Cigarette hazard message; Smoking behavior; Student</em>

THE ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION OF SMOKE-FREE AREA REGULATION IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

Background: The negative impact of tobacco, especially second-hand smokers, requires imperative actions. Introducing tobacco control measures helps protect the public health. Data suggest that there were approximately 44 million daily smokers in Indonesia comprising 49.8 million males and 3.9 million females over ten years of age. East Java Province had the biggest number of smokers in Indonesia. To reduce trends in smoking behavior, we need to advocate local government to release and implement smoke-free regulations. Aims: The study aims to do action research through advocacy and communication for the regulation of smoke-free areas in East Java Province. Methods: The action research involved 12 districts of East Java Province, Indonesia. The method used in this study was Focus Group Discussion (FGD), one-on-one meeting, in-depth interviews, public speaking, press conference, and press release. Results: Intensive advocacy and communication worked successfully. Eight districts of East Java Province implemented local regulations of smoke-free areas. The advocacy and communication of the regulations made it possible to be implemented. Conclusion: Intensive advocacy and communication improve the awareness of executive and legislative government about the importance of smoke-free area regulations. It will be successful if regular meetings, discussions, press conferences, public speaking, and team work are conducted with many stakeholders.

Health Promotion Media Exposure and Student Compliance Toward Smoke-Free School Regulation In Sleman Yogyakarta

The number of adolescent smokers in Indonesia are increasing with the highest prevalence on age 15-19. Implementation of smoke-free schools (SFS) aims to reduce adolescent smokers and protect school residents from cigarette smoke exposure. Public Senior High School 1 Cangkringan, Sleman has declared a SFS since 2019 by providing health promotion media such as posters and stickers in the school area. This study describes the implementation of SFS and to determine the relationship between health promotion media exposure and student compliance toward SFS regulations using quantitative methods with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out through observation with checklists and online surveys with a google form. Sampling using accidental sampling method to 155 respondents and data analysis using SPSS version 17 with Chi-Square test. All respondents stated that the implementation of SFS is good and the results of observations showed that the input, process, and output indicators of SFS implementation had been fulfilled. Most of the students (83.2%) were exposed to high-level health promotion and 98,1% students obeyed the SFS regulations, There was a relationship between exposure to health promotion media in the form of posters with student compliance with SFS regulations ρ value ≤ α (0.004 ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the high exposure to health promotion media has implications for the high compliance of students to SFS regulations.

ANALYSIS OF VISUAL ATTENTION AMONG SMOKER AND NON-SMOKER BY USING HUMAN EYE TRACKER OF HEALTH GRAPHIC WARNING ON TOBACCO PACKAGE

The placement of Health Graphic Warning on tobacco package has been implementing in Indonesia for years. However, the number of smokers in Indonesia is not decreased. Many studies based on interview about perception of Health Graphic Warning gave difference results. This study analysed the visual attention of smokers while looking at tobacco package and compared with non-smoker by using human eye tracker. 50 persons (25 smoker and 25 non-smokers) of 18 – 20 years old adolescents were participated in this study. Image of tobacco package that contained health graphic warning was shown to participants through monitor alternate with neutral image. It revealed that smokers and non-smokers have different pattern where non-smokers will focus to smoking-related disease and smoker will focus to logo of tobacco.

Faktor–Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Merokok di Dalam Rumah

Lung cancer ranks on the first as the cause of death, which is 12.6% (Globocan, 2018). The genesis of lung cancer in Indonesia is based on data from the Friendship Center General Hospital, 87% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking behavior, both passive and active smokers. The number of smokers in Indonesia is still high, the number of passive smokers is 78.4% or 133.3 million adults exposed to cigarette smoke in their homes. Passive smokers can be attacked by various diseases such as lung cancer and respiratory diseases because cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals. In addition, if it is associated with maternal and child health, smoking can cause ARI disease that attacks the human respiratory tract with the number of infected children mostly in children. The research objective was to determine the correlate factors to the smoking behavior in the home at Pekon Sukadamai of Gunung Alip Sub-District in Tanggamus Regency. This type of research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional study design. The population in this research were all households with infants and toddlers in Sukadamai Village, amounting to 63 families. The sample in this research amounted to 63 respondents. Sampling in this research used a total sampling technique. The analysis used the chi square test. The results of the research showed that there was no correlation between knowledge (p value 0.90) and attitude (p value 0.07) with smoking behavior in the home at Pekon Sukadamai of Gunung Alip sub-district in Tanggamus Regency (p value = 0.000). Suggestions for the community are expected to be more diligent in adding insight by following the counseling provided by the public health center.

Pengetahuan dan Sikap tentang Perilaku Merokok pada Remaja

Smoking is a health problem in Indonesia and one of the main factors of several chronic diseases that can lead to death, although many smokers are aware and admit that smoking can lead to cancer. WHO estimates that the number of smokers in Indonesia in 2025 will increase to 90 million people, or 45% of the total population. Some adolescents think that smoking is a need to relax or other reasons that make smoking commonplace. The proportion of smoking among people aged ≥10 years in Indonesia with smoking behavior every day is 24.3% and occasional smoking is 4.6%. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and smoking behavior in adolescents. The research method used is correlational with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were students and female students at SMKN Kota Jambi, the sampling technique with accidental sampling was 49 people. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate and statistical tests were performed using the ch-square test. The results showed that most of the respondents had good knowledge of 57.1%, a positive attitude of 59.1% and the majority of adolescents did not smoke 63.2%. The statistical test results showed no significant relationship between knowledge and smoking behavior (P> 0.005) but there was a significant relationship between attitude and smoking behavior in adolescents (P <0.005). It is hoped that the school will implement a smoking-free area and put up a warning poster for the dangers of smoking in the school environment and carry out continuous monitoring and evaluation

The Effect Of Image Message Perception On Cigarette Background And The Intention To Stop Smoking Teenagers

Smoking behavior in Indonesia is still high. Health warning for room cigarette smoke is 50% of the surface of cigarette packs, but Indonesia is still a country with cigarette smoke in ASEAN at 40%. This study aimed to determine the effect of cigarette packaged image messages on adolescent smoking intentions in Medan. This study used a cross-sectional method. The number of samples in this study was 68 teenagers in Medan City. This study uses a questionnaire as a primary data aid. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results showed that there were 52.9% respondents aged 20-21 years and had a general department of 52.9%, as many as 52.9% of respondents in semester 4 were 55.9%. The majority of respondents aged 20-21 years without consuming 1-5 cigarettes/day were 55.6%. Responding to fear of cigarette packaged picture messages and having the intention of smoking as much 14.7%. Respondents were not afraid of the cigarette packaged picture messages and had no intention of quitting smoking as much as 17.6%. It can be detrimental to respondents that with the perception of fear, the message of cigarette packs of images has a risk of 1,885 times the intention to quit smoking than respondents who do not have the perception of fear of the cigarette pack image message. It is hoped that the government will expand the picture message on cigarette packets to increase the desire to quit smoking and reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia.

PENGARUH STATUS MEROKOK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF SESEORANG: STUDI KASUS INDONESIAN FAMILY LIFE SURVEY (IFLS)

Smoking is one of the biggest health problems in indonesia. One of the problems caused by smoking is adecrease in ones cognitive abilities. The number of smokers in indonesia is always increasing from year to year.According to the basic health research (riskesdas) data in 2018, the number of smokers aged over 15 years oldwas 33.8% with the 62.9% of smokers being men and 4.8% of smokers being female. This research aims to analyzehow much influence smoking status has on a persons cognitive abilities. The authors use longitudinal data from the indonesian family life survey (ifls), which follows data from 7,970 individuals aged 15 and over from 2007 (ifls4) to 2014 (ifls 5). Using panel data regression with a random effect model and controlling for socioeconomiccharacteristics and trends effect, the results show that being a smoker has a negative and significant effect on apersons cognitive abilities. The results also show that being a smoker is associated with lower cognitive levels of0.1 standard deviation (sd) compared to nonsmokers. When the smoking status was broken down according tothe level of addiction (namely light, medium, and heavy smokers), the effects of cognitive decline became bigger,respectively 0.08, 0.11, and 0.25 sd.

Persepsi Pesan Gambar Pada Bungkus Rokok Dan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Di Kota Medan

<p><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> <em>The picture message policy on cigarette packets is regulated in Permenkes No. 28 of 2013 concerning the Inclusion of Warnings and Health Information on Tobacco Product Packaging. The purpose of the inclusion of pictorial health warnings (PKB) on cigarette packs is to prevent adolescents from smoking. By looking at the frightening picture on PKB, it hoped that young smokers would be motivated to quit smoking</em><em>. <strong>Method</strong>: This study used a quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design (cross-sectional) using primary data, this research conducted in Medan City. During January - June 2019. The population in this study were adolescents aged 18-23 years. The sample of this study was 215 teenagers. Data analysis used cross-tabulation descriptive analysis than presented in the form of a frequency distribution table using SPSS 22. <strong>Results</strong>: The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents have smoking behaviour in the 19-20 year age group. The majority of respondents stated that they smoke 1-5 cigarettes a day. Teens who stated that they were not afraid of the impact of picture messages on cigarette packs had a 3,939 times risk of smoking compared to adolescents who expressed fear of the impact of picture messages on cigarette packs <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It hoped that the government could expand the picture message on cigarette packets to increase the desire to quit smoking and reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia. The image message on cigarette packs must be enlarged in order to reduce smoking behaviour in adolescents.</em></p>

Tobacco smoking and risk of all-cause mortality in Indonesia.

Tobacco is well known as a risk factor for early morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the relative risk of mortality and the effects of smoking vary among the countries. Indonesia, as one of the world’s largest market for smoking tobacco, is significantly affected by tobacco-related illness. Previous research has shown that smoking causes several diseases, including stroke, neoplasm and coronary heart disease. There has to date been no research on the hazard risk of smoking for all-cause mortality in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the association between smoking and all-cause mortality rates in Indonesia. Information from a total of 3,353 respondents aged 40 years and older was collected in this study. The data were taken from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) Wave 4 (2007) to collect personal information and determine smoking status and from Wave 5 (2015) to collect information about deaths. Current smokers make up 40.3% of Indonesia’s population. Current smokers were more likely to have a higher risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 1.98) than non-current smokers. The number of smokers in Indonesia remains high and is expected to increase gradually every year. A firm government policy is needed to reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia which would automatically reduce the health problem of smoking-related illness in the future.

The Effect Of Visual Warning On Cigarette Packs of Intention to Quit Smoking At Online Taxibike Rider In Banda Aceh

According to WHO, Indonesia was the third largest country with the biggest number of smokers in the world after China and India. Riskesdas 2018 stated the number of smokers in Indonesia was very high, that was 33 percent with male smoker by 63 percent. Government set smoking hazards warning and included health warnings and informations on cigarette packs, however these did not show a significant effect.This research used analytics survey with cross sectional approach on online taxibike riders by sampling using purposive sampling method so that 155 samples were obtained. There were a significant effect on the intention to quit smoking with variable image illustration OR=3.01 P=0.008, typography OR=3.62 P=0.003, color OR=3.37 P=0.04, layout OR=3.48 P=0.002 and the most influence variable, visual warnings in color forms OR=2.29 P=0.010. The result presented that visual warning signs on cigarette packs could rise the intention to quit smoking on online taxibike riders.

THE USE OF PICTORIAL DISCOURSE FOR HEALTH WARNINGS ON THE DANGERS OF TOBACCO PACKAGES (PENGGUNAAN WACANA GAMBAR SEBAGAI PERINGATAN KESEHATAN TENTANG BAHAYA MEROKOK)

The Indonesian government promotes discourse on the health dangers of smoking by pasting pictures on cigarette packages to reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia. Therefore, this research uses pictorial discourse on cigarette packaging to provide health warning messages to smokers of kretek packaged cigarettes. This is portrait research with data obtained through observations at the Kretek Museum, Kudus, Central Java, and the Ministry of Health followingRegulation Number 56 of 2017 and analyzed using the BREAK theory. Based on the data and analysis, the primary and secondary discourses use scary images as well as pictures of fruits and plants, respectively. The general type of movement of primary and secondary discourse is DIKO (essence divergent and spiritually convergent)

Factors Related To The Behavior Of Adolescent Smoking (Secondary Data Analysis at SMAN DKI Jakarta and SMK Kabupat

The number of smokers in Indonesia continues to increase, especially among teenagers. If this continues, it can be confirmed that 10 million people will die from cigarettes per year by 2020, with 70 percent of cases occurring in developing countries such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors related to adolescent smoking behavior in SMAN DKI Jakarta and SMK Kabupaten Kuningan 2016, taken from secondary data analysis. This research is quantitative research with cross sectional approach. Sampling techniques use saturated sampling techniques with a sample of 410 respondents. This research uses secondary data through the combination of research conducted in SMAN DKI Jakarta and research conducted in SMK Kabupaten Kuningan in 2016. The analysis used is univariate analysis, bivariate in the form of Chi Square test and multivariate analysis with double logistics regression. Univariate results showed respondents to the non smoking group namely 34.6 percent, adolescents namely 95.6 percent, male gender namely 84.6 percent, low knowledge namely 66.6 percent, bad attitudes namely 67.8 percent, easy access to cigarettes namely 84.9 percent, low cigarette advertising exposure namely 71.0 percent. Bivariate results showed variables related to adolescent smoking behavior, namely age and gender. The most dominant multivariate results associated with adolescent smoking behavior are age variables.

Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-ADB (5F-MDMB-PINACA) and Its Metabolite in Urine Sample Using Liquid Chromatography – High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (LC-HRMS)

Synthetic cannabinoids are commonly known as Gorillas Tobacco, Hanomans Tobacco or Ganeshas Tobacco in Indonesia. Those products are camouflaged as a tobacco related to the number of smokers in Indonesia. The 5F-ADB (5F-MDMB-PINACA) has become an issue since 2016. It was undetectable by conventional drug testing methodology such as immunoassay method. GC-MS as a routine method analysis is not recommended also for detecting the metabolites from biological specimen with low concentration. The paper report LC-HRMS based method for identification of 5F-ADB and its metabolites in urine sample. Various of volume injections (1, 3, and 6 µL) was studied. Sample was acidified with concentrate of HCl, then undergo extraction with EXtrelut® Column NT3 prior to LC-HRMS analysis. The full method was operated for MS/dd-MS2 identification. The 5F-ADB and its ester hydrolysis metabolite, 5F-ADB metabolite 7 (C19H27FN3O3+) was detected in urine sample.

PERBANDINGAN KADAR LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd) DALAM DARAH PEROKOK AKTIF DAN PASIF DI TERMINAL BUS

The high number of smokers in Indonesia is caused by uncontrolled circulation of cigarettes. The danger of smoking does not only occur in active smokers, but also is harmful to passive smokers. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the metals contained in cigarettes that have high toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) is transported in the blood which binds to red blood cells and high molecular weight proteins in the plasma, especially by albumin. The purpose of this study was to determineathe ratio of metal levels of Cadmium (Cd) in the blood of active and passive smokers. Determination of metal content in blood samples by wet destruction method was then analyzed by Atomic Absortion Spectrophotometer (AAS). This type of research is experiment. Based on the results of the study, the lowest ratio of cadmium (Cd) in the blood of active smokers was 0.8 g / dL and the highest level was 1.6 g / dL while the lowest metal level in the blood of passive smokers was 0.8 g/ dL and the highest level is 1.4 g / dL, the highest metal content in the blood of the smoker shows a value that exceeds the normal threshold. From the statistic test, the value of 0.413 was obtained so that P>0.05 so that Ho was accepted, this showed that there was no significant difference between cadmium (Cd) levels in the blood of active smokers and passive smokers in the bus terminal.

The Influence of Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence on Smoking Cessation Intention in College Student

The number of smokers in Indonesia is the highest in the Southeast Asia region. 53.3% of male smokers over 15 years old was smokers. The results of Basic Health Research 2013 stated that every year tobacco users was increase. To stop smoking, a smoker needs strong intentions. The study was conducted at State University in Madura Island with male smoker student respondents with a sample size of 300 students. The sampling technique used the proportionate stratified random sampling method. The result showed that emotional and spiritual intelligence significantly influence on smoking cessation intention