Number Of Shed Research Articles

2nd International blended Virtual Conference of Agricultural Sciences at Diyala University

Diyala University is an Iraqi public university located in the city of Baquba, the center of Diyala Governorate, northeast of Baghdad’s capital. The scientific and civilized march of the province. The establishment of the College of Agriculture at the University of Diyala was an urgent necessity due to the great potential of the Diyala governorate in the agricultural sector and the vast fertile lands. It is an agricultural governorate with distinction, and its orchards are famous for citrus fruits, as they were called Baquba, the city of oranges. It is also characterized by rare types of dates and citrus fruits. Livestock in Diyala Governorate has the largest share of the agricultural sector is one of the most important economic pillars. Diyala governorate is the first after Baghdad in the number of sheds and hatcheries in Iraq, with three large cow stations and many poultry halls, either for the production of table eggs or white meat.

Landscape characteristics of onion shed in Minami-Awaji city, Hyogo prefecture

An "onion shed" is a wall-less storage house with only a beam, roof, and frame, where harvested onions are bundled and hung to be dried and stored. Onion sheds were a common feature in Minami-Awaji city in the beginning of summer; however, due to challenges related to hanging onions, the number of sheds has declined. In this study, the spatial characteristics and actual usage of rapidly disappearing onion sheds were investigated to determine an effective way to continue their succession. As per the findings, the district housed 1,093 sheds of three alignments- “spread style (in farmland)” “spread style (in village)” and “lined up style.” And traditional sheds with tiled roofs and wooden pillars accounted for 17.9% of all onion sheds, which were inclined to be lost with farmland consolidation. Moreover, it became clear that livestock farmers and double-cropping farmers are working together in a small village.

Risk factors for outbreaks caused by variant strain of Newcastle disease on environmentally controlled broiler chicken farms in Lahore, Pakistan

Newcastle disease (ND) is a frequently reported disease in poultry among both vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks in Pakistan. During 2011-2012 poultry industry in Punjab, mainly in Lahore region, faced fatal outbreaks of ND caused by a variant strain. An analytical study was conducted during outbreak period in Lahore region. A total of 114 environmentally controlled farms were selected with the help of convenient sampling method. A questionnaire was designed about the potential risk factors associated with the spread of ND outbreak. The bivariate relationships between ND status and independent variables were investigated by applying the Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Multivariable logistic model was used to estimate the effect of each studied variable on the outcome by adjusting the other variables in the model. The variables which showed an association with ND outbreaks at commercial poultry farms were improper method for dead birds disposal (OR=4.96; 95% CI 1.63-15.12), use of same feed transporting vehicle at multiple poultry farms (OR=4.92; 95% CI 1.58-15.33), farm to farm distance of less than 1 km (OR=9.32; 95% CI(1.19-73.12), number of sheds at one farm (OR=2.31; 95% CI 0.93-5.69), labor type (OR=2.72; 95% CI 0.83-8.88) and biosecurity (OR= 4.47; 95% CI 0.56-35.66).

Production analysis of broiler farming in central Punjab, Pakistan.

This study examined the analysis of personal and production performance of broiler farming in 10 cities of central Punjab (Lahore, Sheikhupura, Kasur, Okara, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Nankana, and Kamalia) of Pakistan. These districts are densely populated and renowned for broiler production. Primary data were collected through a survey of 100 poultry farmers. Personal and production information were collected from the respondents. Descriptive statistics was employed in the form of averages and percentages. The comparison among different districts was made through one-way ANOVA technique followed by Tukey's HSD test. Parameters were observed significantly in experience of farmer, age, number of sheds, capacity of farm, and flock/annuum during the survey of Gujranwala and Kasur, while the high percentage of graduate farmers was observed in Lahore and Sheikhupura regions. Significant results were observed during the production performance feed efficiency and mortality in Okara and Kasur as well as maximum administration of both live and killed vaccine in Lahore through drinking water in Nankana. In the districts of Sheikhupura and Kamalia, farmers due to lake of education left their dead birds on the surface ground. In conclusion, this study pointed out the exact trend of modern broiler farming and its price fluctuation in Punjab (Pakistan) as well as the reason behind the losses to the farmers.

Influence of Partial Arc on Electric Field Distribution of Insulator Strings for Electrified Railway Catenary

The occurrence of a partial arc can affect insulation properties of the insulator by different types of flashover. In order to investigate the influence of a partial arc on electric field distribution along the catenary insulator string, a three-dimensional model of the cap-pin insulator string with partial arc was established in this paper. The electric field distribution along the insulator string when the arc extended on the insulator surface and bridged sheds was investigated based on the electric field analysis using the finite element method. The results showed that the occurrence of a partial arc caused obvious distortion of the electric field, which was a two-dimensional axis symmetrical field before arcing to a three-dimensional field. In the case of arc extension, the sudden rise of field intensity was mostly at the rib and the shed edge, which had the local maximum field intensity. The rib and the shed edge played a certain hindrance role in the extension of the arc. The main reason for promoting the development of the arc can be attributed to thermal ionization. In the case of arc bridge sheds, the highest field intensity appeared at the edge of the last bridged shed. As the number of sheds arc-bridged increased, the maximum field intensity also increased. As the arc length increased, the electric field intensity of the arc head also increased, which resulted in an accelerated arc development. The main factor to promote the development of the arc can be attributed to electrical breakdown. The measures to hinder the rapid development of partial arcs were proposed.

Flashover of insulators in a wet environment

This paper describes a method based on electric field calculation and random walk theory for evaluating insulator performance in a wet environment. Arc bridging of sheds via water particles suspended in close proximity to the insulator has been considered. The role of insulator dimensions (shank diameter, shed diameter and number of sheds) on the flashover performance has been discussed. It is shown that the increased probability of flashover due to the presence of water particles when compared to insulators with only wet surfaces can be quantified. With low to moderate levels of contamination commonly encountered in service, the relative increase in flashover probability is higher due to the presence of suspended water particles than that obtained under heavy contamination.

Distribution of Electric Field for EMU's Post Insulators Based on the Finite Element Method

Compared with power system, post insulators used in High-speed Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) have unique features such as limited space, low number of sheds and complex pantograph, which produces high electric field at some part of post insulators. When the insulators electric field exceeds a numerical value, it will produce corona discharge and reduce the reliability of High-speed EMU. At the same time, a distinct discharge phenomenon has been observed on the surface of the small curvature radius for pantograph. For guiding optimization of electric field for post insulators and pantograph, a simplified model of post insulators as well as the pantograph is established to calculate the distribution of potential and electric field based on ANSYS. Because the applied voltage cycle is far less than the relaxation time of the dielectric, electrostatic field module can be used in the ANSYS Simulation. By simulating, the maximum electric field is occurred at the pantograph angle and some measures should be taken to reduce the electric field to assure the reliability of the EMU. The potential would decrease along the axis of the post insulator and the first umbrella bear the largest voltage drop.

A new index to identify risk of multi-trigger wheezing in infants with first episode of wheezing

Objective: Identification of young children who are likely to have multi-trigger wheezing is very important for early diagnosis and treatment of asthma. We investigate an index for predicting multi-trigger wheezing in infants with first episode of wheezing. Methods: One-hundred twenty-eight infants (2–20 months) with first episode of wheezing were followed for two years. Personal and family history of atopic diseases was recorded. Wheezing severity was evaluated using the Preschool Respiratory Assessment Measure. Sputum samples were collected from patients, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and studied by optical microscopy. The largest Creola body in sputum was located and the number of shed exfoliated airway epithelial cells (EAECs) counted. Recurrent wheezing was observed and classified as multi-trigger wheezing or non-multi-trigger wheezing. The predictive value of EAECs, family or personal history of atopic disease and the severity of wheezing for subsequent development of multi-trigger wheezing was analyzed. Results: Better predictive performance was achieved by considering the three measures together than by considering each separately. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that an index combining wheezing severity score of 9495 sputum EAECs and a family or personal history of atopic disease had a sensitivity of 95.1%, specificity of 74.2%, a positive predictive value of 58.6% and a negative predictive value of 93.6% for prediction of multi-trigger wheezing. Conclusion: For infants with first episode of wheezing, wheezing severity score, family or personal history of atopic disease and number of EAECs in sputum can predict future multi-trigger wheezing.

The effect of stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on T lymphocyte proliferation.

Background:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a specific type of adult tissue stem cell; have the immunosuppressive effects that make them valuable targets for regenerative medicine and treatment of many human illnesses. Hence, MSC have been the subject of numerous studies. The classical source of MSC is adult bone marrow (BM). Due to many shortcomings of harvesting MSC from BM, finding the alternative sources for MSC is an urgent. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are relative new MSC populations that fulfill these criteria but their potential immunosuppressive effect has not been studied enough yet. Thus, in this work the effect of SHED on the proliferation of in vitro activated T lymphocytes were explored.Materials and Methods:In this study, both mitogen and alloantigen activated T cells were cultured in the presence of different numbers of SHED. In some co-cultures, activated T cells were in direct contact to MSCs and in other co-cultures; they were separated from SHED by a permeable membrane. In all co-cultures, the proliferation of T cells was measured by ELISA Bromodeoxyuridine proliferation assay.Results:In general, our results showed that SHED significantly suppress the proliferation of activated T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the suppression was slightly stronger when MSCs were in physical contact to activated T cells.Conclusion:This study showed that SHED likewise other MSC populations can suppress the activation of T lymphocytes, which can be used instead of BM derived MSCs in many investigational and clinical applications.

Characterization of Rattlesnake Harvest in Florida

Characterization of Rattlesnake Harvest in Florida

A study of three-dimensional aspects of vortex shedding from a bluff body with a mild geometric disturbance

Experiments have been carried out to study the three-dimensional characteristics of vortex shedding from a half-ellipse shape with a blunt trailing edge. In order to control the occurrence of vortex dislocations, the trailing edges of the models used were constructed with a series of periodic waves across their spans. Flow visualization was carried out in a water tunnel at a Reynolds number of 2500, based on trailing-edge thickness. A number of shedding modes were observed and the sequence of mode transitions recorded. Quantitative data were obtained from wind tunnel measurements performed at a Reynolds number of 40000. Two shedding frequencies were recorded with the higher frequency occurring at spanwise positions coinciding with minima in the chord. At these same positions the base pressure was lowest and the vortex formation length longest. Arguments are put forward to explain these observations. It is shown that the concept of a universal Strouhal number holds, even when the flow is three-dimensional. The spanwise variation in time-average base pressure is predicted using the estimated amount of time the flow spends at the two shedding frequencies.