Number Of Seeds In Pod Research Articles

Comparative carpological assessment of F1 hybrids of Brassica napus L.

The article presents the results of a study of the morphological structure of the fruits of 26 commercial winter hybrids Brassica napus L., collected in July 2023 at the Breeding Station named after N.N. Timofeev Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Marker carpological characteristics of pods of B. napus hybrids have been established, which can be used in identifying and assessing the potential seed productivity of plants. Statistical analysis showed that the pods of the studied B. napus hybrids were characterized by stable and slightly varying morphometric parameters. The ratio of fruit length to its diameter was the greatest in F1 BS10, amounting to 19.4, and the smallest ratio of fruit length to its diameter was found in F1 BS22 - 8.34. The largest number of seeds in pods was observed in F1 BS10, and amounted to an average of 36.45 pieces; F1 BS22 (12.5 pieces) was characterized by the smallest number of seeds in the fruit. The longest pod stalk was observed in F1 BS17, which averaged 2.28 cm, and the shortest pod length was observed in F1 BS22 (1.28 cm). The greatest angle of departure of the pod stalk from the raceme was observed in F1 BS16 plants, which averaged 94.33o; the smallest angle is set for F1 BS4 (75.4o). As a result of the initial selection assessment and analysis of carpological data, a promising hybrid F1 BS10 was isolated, which differs from other B. napus hybrids in large pods with the largest number of seeds in the fruit.

ASSEMBLY OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES DEVELOPED THROUGH THREE-WAY CROSS

A three-way cross is an artificial cross performed to assemble superior cultivars for increased soybean production. The presented study aims to evaluate the percentage of success in the single cross and three-way cross of soybean genotypes to enhance the genetic variability in the base population of the genetic material. The genetic material comprises three soybean cultivars, i.e., Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega-1. The three-way cross design operation made various crosses. Parameters observed were plant morphology, percentage of cross success and seed formation in pods, number of seeds in pod, and the total seed weight. The results showed a relatively high (57.14%) success rate for the cross Grobogan × Anjasmoro, producing numerous one-seeded and two-seeded pods and 30 seeds per plant with a total weight of 5.4 g. However, the success rate in three-way cross (F1 descent [Grobogan × Anjasmoro] × Dega-1) was medium (35.37%). The results of crossing the three genotypes of parents will greatly determine soybean variability.

The Effect of Overlapping Cultivation of Maize and Mung Crops on the Characteristics of Mung Yield with Different Planting Dates

To study the effect of intercropping between corn and mung crops on yield characteristics and components of mung under different planting dates and to know some indicators of the efficiency of loading systems, a field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields in Al-Sharqat district, north of Tikrit, by designing the complete random sectors and with three replications according to the arrangement of the panelssplinter Where the main treatments included on three planting dates for maize (10 July, 20 July and 30 July) and for goats (1 July 10 July 20 July). Two mash lines) and (two atom lines: two mash lines) and the results were as follows: The results showed that planting dates had different significant effects on some characteristics and yield of goat. The first date recorded the highest average weight of 1000 seeds (43.53 g), while the third date was superior in the characteristics of the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, total seed yield and biological yield of the plant Harvest Guide(28.86 pods-1, 9.91 pods-1, 12.19 gm plant-1, 1.52 tons ha-1, 32.79 gm plant-1 and 37.04%), while no significant differences were found for the number of branches per plant due to the effect of planting dates. The number of seeds in pod (10.46 seeds. pod-1) was superior in the (2 corn: 2 mash) system, while in the (1 corn: 1 mash) system, the trait of 1000 seed weight (43.61 g) was distinguished, and marrow alone achieved superiority in the number of pods per plant. The seed yield of the plant, the total yield, the biological yield of the plant and the harvest index (29.53 pods. Nabat-1 and 12.30 g. plant-1 and 1.53 t.ha-1 and 32.55 g. plant-1 and 37.62%). The results showed that the growth characteristics and yield of the two crops were significantly affected by the combinations between planting dates and loading systems on the yield traits of marrow. The cultivation of marrow alone on the third date was distinguished in the characteristics of the number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, total yield, biological yield and harvest index amounted to (34.74 pods). plant-1 and 14.97 g. plant-1 and 1.86 t.ha-1 and 34.44 g. Plant-1 and 43.45%) and the system (2 corn: 2 mash) was distinguished in the number of seeds per pod (10.72 seeds. Pod-1), and the first date of the system (1 corn: 1 mash) was superior in the weight of 1000 seeds (47.02 g). The second system (1 corn: 2 mash) exceeded the height of the plant (98.83 cm).

Interdependence of yield and soybean yield components

This paper presents the results of a two-year study of six selected soybean genotypes with the aim of examining which of the genotypes in the given production conditions give the best results in regards with the amount and quality of seed yield. All genotypes belong to a zero-maturity group. The correlation between the grain yield per plant and other studied traits was tested through linear (simple) correlations. The testing showed that the following traits had a positive highly significant impact on seed yield: the number of seeds per plant (0.917**), seed germination energy (0.897**), seed moisture content (0.803**), plant height (0.802**), seed germination (0.789**), the number of seeds in pods (0.696**), the number of harvested plants per m-2 (0.590**), the number of plants (phenophase 1-3 in the three-leaf stage) per m2 (0.550**), 1000 seed mass (0.471**), and the height to the first node (0.412**).

EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES AND FERTILIZER SPRAYING (BRIX) ON GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF MUNGBEAN

This study was conducted at the Field Crops Research Station in the college of Agriculture - University of Diyala at the Agricultural Season 2018-2019. The experiment was included two factors, the first factor three planting dates 1 / 8-15 / 8-1 / 9, the second spraying with Prix 0, 1 and 2 ml / L. The experiment was designed to study the effect of planting dates and spraying with Prix on the growth and yield characteristics of the mungbean plant. The experiment was applied using the Randomized Complete Block Design in the factorial experiment system with three replicates. The dates of cultivation had a significant effect on the studied traits. The first date 1/8 was recorded the highest rate of the growth characteristics Plant height 60.38 cm, number of branches 18.61 branches / plants, number of leaves 36.05 leaves / plants, dry weight of plant 37.07 g, number of pods 36.02 pods / plant and number of seeds / pod 12.37 seeds / And weight of 1000 seeds 30.57 g and leaf area 15.05cm and the plant yield ton / e 1.097 tons / h. The results of the experiment showed the superiority of the spraying with a concentration of 2 ml / L, which is significant for the traits Plant height 40.40 cm, number of branches 16.65 branches / plants, number of leaves 32.07 leaves / plant, dry weight of plant 30.80 g, number of pods 30.40 pods / plant, number of seeds in pods 12.36 seeds / pods and leaf area 14.42cm2.

Farklı Zamanlarda Ekilen Maş Fasulyesinin (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Bazı Tarımsal Özellikleri ve Ot Kalitesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümüne ait araştırma alanında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Kahramanmaraş ekolojik koşullarında maş fasulyesi (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) bitkisinin en uygun ekim zamanını tespit etmek üzere gerçekleşmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Beş farklı zamanda (30 Mart, 15 Nisan, 30 Nisan, 15 Mayıs ve 30 Mayıs) ekim yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre bitki boyu, bakladaki tohum sayısı ve NDF oranı değerleri haricindeki tüm özelliklere ait ortalamalar arasındaki farkın önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada; çıkış süresi 6,33-14,67 gün, %50 çiçeklenme dönemi 50,00-67,33 gün, %50 bakla bağlama 57-70 gün, %50 olgunlaşma dönemi 73,67-99,00 gün, bitki boyu 36,43-41,70 cm arasında tespit edilmiştir. Bakla oluşumu ile ilgili değerler incelendiğinde; ilk bakla bağlama yüksekliğinin 11,82-21,70 cm, bakla boyunun 9,06-10,63 cm, bakla sayısının 9,43-23,93 adet/bitki, bakladaki tohum sayısının 9,90-10,27 adet/bakla ve tane veriminin 25,00-74,21 kg/da arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yaprak sayısının 47,30-73,77 adet/bitki, yeşil ot veriminin 960,00-1512,38 kg/da, kuru ot veriminin 232,35-316,59 kg/da, ham kül oranının %13,03-16,91, ADF oranının %22,17-29,12 ve NDF oranının %55,06-56,05 değerleri arasında olduğu bulunmuştur.

The impact of foliar feeding on the yield components of three winter rape morphotypes (Brassica napus L.)

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact of foliar fertilizers containing amino acids, sulphur, boron on the number of productive branches, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds in pods and the length of pods of three winter rape (Brassica napus) varieties (Monolit, PX115, PT248). The research was carried out in 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52o03’N and 22o33’E) belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland. The field experiment was set up in a split-plot layout in triplicate. The area of one plot for harvest was 21 m2. The examined factors were I - morphotipe of winter rape: population variety (Monolit), hybrid restored with a semi-dwarf growth type (PX115), hybrid restored with a traditional growth type (PT248). II - types of foliar feeding: 1. treatment without biostimulator and foliar feeding, 2. Bioregulator Aminoplant, 3. Foliar fertilizer Siarkomag with foliar fertilizer Bormax, 4. Foliar fertilizer Siarkomag with foliar fertilizer Bormax and Aminoplant. Variable climatic conditions in the years of the experiment affected the studied components of seed yield of three L. morphotypes. In the year 2016-2017 of research, the plants produced the most productive branches, had the longest pods filled with the largest number of seeds. Foliar nutrition with a biostimulator containing amino acids did not significantly affect the increase of the number of productive branches, pods per plant and pod length compared to the variant on which no foliar fertilization was applied. Foliar fertilization with S and B in combination with bio-stimulators was the most effective in increasing the components of seed yield, while the number of productive branches and length of pods under the influence of foliar fertilizers was the same regardless of the application of the biostimulator. The long-stem variety had longer pods that were filled with more seeds than the others.

Response of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) to different depths of tillage and spraying with yeast extract

Field experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2017–18 in Basra governorate to study the effect of three tillage depth “TD” (30, 40 and 50 cm), and spraying with three activated yeast extract “AYE” concentrations (zero, 4 and 8 g/l) on growth and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) var. loz de onito. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot arranged with randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that TD of 50 cm led to an increase in plant height, number of branches in plant, also led to a significant increase in the number of pods and number of seeds in pod by 26 and 21%, respectively, compared to the TD of 30 cm, also held green pods yield of 327.2 g/plant at TD of 30 cm increased to 547.5 g/plant at 50 cm depth. Spraying AYE at 8 g/l resulted in a significant increase for all traits that have been studied, among these traits number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod by 16 and 22%, respectively, compared to control. The interaction gave a significant increase for plant height and green pods yield per plant, so the TD at 50 cm and 8 g/l AYE gave the highest values.

Conservation of Soil Moisture Using Mulch of Green Bean Plants (Vigna Radiata)

The aim to this study was to determine the effect of plastic silver mulch and rice straw mulch on soil moisture conservation of green bean so that the plant can grow in dry season with enough water. The method used in this study was a randomized block design with three treatments: no mulch (T0), plastic silver mulch (T1) and rice straw mulch (T2). The parameters observed were physical soil of initial and final research, soil moisture measurements every 3 days, as well as growth and crop production parameters including plant height, number of seeds in pods, 100 seeds weight, sample plant production and total production. The results showed that the physical of soil analyzed were clay textured soil, preliminary porosity 60.77 and at the end of the study increased to 77.50%, organic matter 1.52%, initial bulk density 1.04 g/cm3 at the end of the study decreased to 0.60 g/cm3, soil permeability of 7.77 cm / hour and available water is 13.95%. The use of rice straw mulch from the beginning to the end of the study showed the best water content while the use of plastic silver mulch and no mulch showed water content not much different. The use of palstic silver mulch gives the highest yield of the best crops on 14 HST measurements where the plastic silver mulch differs markedly by the rice straw mulch and no mulch. The yield of green beans produced in the treatment of plastic silver mulch using the best results with a total production of 2.00 tons/ha, this result is significantly different from no mulch but not significantly different of rice straw mulch. Rice straw mulch is better used for soil conservation because it can improve soil aeration, retain water, prevent soil erosion, and increase organic matter on the soil.

Persilangan 4 varietas kedelai (Glycine max L.) dalam rangka perakitan kedelai tahan kering

The purpose of this research was to study dialel crossing of 4 soybean varieties in order to get drought resistant varieties. The research used Completely Randomized Design with six crossing combination : Dering x Grobogan, Grobogan x Dering, Dering x Detam, Detam x Dering, Dering x Devon, and Devon x Dering. Each combination was repeated five times. Parameters observed were percentage of fertilization, number of seeds in pods, long of pods, weight of 10 seeds. Parameters were analyzed descriptively and heterosis was calculated. The research results showed that crossing between dering and devon had the highest percentage of fertilization. Crossing between dering and grobogan improved number of seed in pod, long of pods and weight of 10 seeds. The highest heterosis of seed number in pod, long of pods and weight of 10 seeds were resulted from crossing dering x devon, Dering x Grobogan, Grobogan x Dering, respectively. Keywords : Crossing, genotype soybean, fist population

The effect of water shortage on pea (Pisum sativum L.) productivity in relation to the pod position on the stem

The literature contains few studies on the effect of temporary soil drought on the development and productivity of pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) pods in relation to their position in the fruiting part of the stem. The aim of this study was to evaluate pod productivity of various pea cultivars in relation to varied weather conditions. Differences in precipitation during two growing seasons resulted in a decrease in yield of 0.62 t ha<sup>−1</sup> in a dry year in comparison to a year with better water availability. <em>Pisum sativum</em> ‘Tarchalska’ proved to be the most stable in terms of the number of pods produced, whilst ‘Prophet’ was the least. Weather conditions and cultivars were the determinants of pod production. Pea pods were distinguished by their position on the productive node. Larger and more productive pods were found on the lowest four productive nodes (which had a longer period of nutrient accumulation) resulting in higher seed mass. Productivity increased in the year with favorable weather conditions, as more of the upper nodes were reproductive. The first four nodes produced 45–91% of the yield. The number of seeds in the first three nodes was significantly cultivar-dependent, whereas the number of seeds in pods at all nodes was determined by weather conditions. Significantly more seeds were formed from each node in the wetter year. <em>Pisum sativum</em> ‘Audit’ was not sensitive to weather conditions, producing the same yield in the both years of the study.

ROLE OF IRON, ZINC AND ORGANIC NUTRIENT ON YIELD OF GREEN BEANS

This experiment was carried out in the agricultural research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad, during the seasons spring and autumn 2015, use in agriculture beans hybrid primal seeds, one of the short variety. The aim of the experiment to study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add the organic nutrient on yield of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), The experiment was designed factorial experiment (3*4) with three replications according to the experimental design (RCBD), the first factor four spray treatments (0 and Zn 0.5 ml L-1 water and Fe 2 g L-1 water and Fe+Zn), the second factor adding three levels of humic acid ( 0, 2, and 3)kg ha-1 after melted in a calculated amount of water and add in a groove around the plants for each experimental unit. Results showed the superiority of the treatment of interaction M4H2 (3 kg ha-1Humic acid + Fe+Zn) in pod length 17.67 and 15.23cm pod-1, a number pods 18.62 and 18.65 pod plant-1, weight pod 9.65 and 7.18 g plant-1, number of seeds in pod 6.36 and 6.65 seed pod-1, seed weight 0.174 and 0.165g seed-1, early yield 1.613 and 1.482 ton ha-1 and total yield 14.13 and 10.72 ton ha-1, for two seasons, spring and autumn for every traits respectively .

Using Chemical and Physical Mutagens for Induction of Genetic Variation in the Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Three Cultivars of Faba beans (Vicia faba L.)

Filed experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of chemical and physical mutagens in inducing genetic variation in the quantitative and qualitative traits, such as morphological characteristics, yield components, seed yield and protein yield of three cultivars Zaina, Aguadulce and local of Faba beans (Vicia faba L.). Nitrous acid mutagen was prepared. This acid was unstable, weakly acidic compound and decomposes rapidly that has been prepared immediately in the form of cold according to the chemical methods. Also electric shocks were used according to the physical methods, seeds were sown in the season of 2010-2011 at Research field of Biology Dept., College of Science, Baghdad Univ. Factorial Experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. At maturity, seeds were collected first season of treatments, including the treatment comparison and then sown in the secound season of 2011-2012. Results showed that treatment of seeds soaked in nitrous acid mutagen solution for 24 hrs gave the highest seeds yield in both seasons recording 4370.39 and 3255.01 kg/ha, respectively and not significantly differed at 12-hrs soaking in the second season. Soaking treatment for 24 hrs was superior in some phenotypic traits such as plant height, leaf area index and yield components (number of branches/plant, number pods in plant, number of seeds in pod and the rate of seed weight). Also superiority in protein yield was found in the first season reached 857.87 kg / ha. The highest percentage of protein was found after using electric shock treatment for 6 or 3 min which differed significantly from seeds soaked in nitrous acid, Aguadulce and local cultivars gave higher protein percentages than Zaina cultivar in both seasons. Zaina cultivar showed superiority in seeds and protein yield in the first season reached 3774.61 and 734.4 kg / ha, respectively. While local cultivar gave the highest seeds and protein yield in the second season 3073.57 and 635.19 kg / ha, respectively. A significant interaction between cultivars and treatments was found, Zaina cultivar was superior in seeds and protein yield in the first season reaching 4997.09 and 929.94 kg / ha respectively and seed yield 3982.79 kg / ha in the second season when soaked for 12 hrs. Local cultivar gave the highest value of protein yield with mean value 755.71 kg / ha, and did not differ significantly with 3 min shocks and soaked for 24 hrs in the second season. It is concluded from this study that soaking seeds in nitrous acid mutagen solution for 24 hrs was effective in inducting genetic variation in faba bean cultivars which is useful in breeding programs either by selection or crosses.

Effect of Molybdenum and Boron on Yield Components and Yield of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)

A field experiment has been conducted during the winter season 2014-2015 in Abu Gosrah in the district of Abu-Alkhaseeb which is located 14.5 km south of center of Basra province to study the effect of adding molybdenum (Mo) and boron (B) in the yield components and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) var. Luz de Otono. A factorial experiment is carried out with the design of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates, and includ two factors the first includes macerating seeds with three concentrations of molybdenum (0, 5 and 10 mg l-1) , and the second factor is spraying boron which includes three concentrations ( 0, 25 and 50 mg l-1 ), which are added to the plant in the form of boric acid (17.4% B). The results show that macerating the seeds of broad bean with 10 mg l-1 molybdenum has led to a significant increase in the number of pods per plant , number of seeds in pod and the percentage of protein, also it gives the highest seed yield ( 3316 kg ha-1) and has reached up for the control by 36%. The spray of boron show significant superiority at the level of 50 mg l-1which give the highest number of pods per plant , number of seeds per pod and protein content of seeds, also it gives the highest value for seed yield (2921 kg ha- 1), which is not significantly different from the level of 25 mg B l-1 . The impact of the two nutrient is negative on the weight of 100 seeds and the highest weight has been obtained by control treatment. The overlap between the two factors show significant effect in the number of pods in plant ,the percentage of protein and the highest yield of seeds which reached is 3803 kg ha-1 by using 10 mg MoL-1+50 mgBL-1

Effect of density date and planting sowing on growth and yield (Vigna radiata L.)

A field experiment was carried out in loamy silty soil during the spring and autumn seasons of 2013 in Anbar governorate/ Al-Khalidiya district that located on 43° longitude and 33° latitude in order to know the effect of four sowing date in spring season which included (13th March, 10th April, 20th April and 30th April), while the autumn season included (10th July, 20th July, and 30th July) which have occupied the main plots. However, the plant densities have occupied the sub plots, which were (D1-133333, D2-100000, D3-80000 and D4-66666 plant.ha-1. The experiment has been carried out in split plot arrangement in RCBD for three replications. The results were summarized as follows: The lower plant density (D4) was superior in number of leaves in plant in the two seasons, while the plant density D3 in spring season gave highest average of leave area. For the stem diameter, the plant density D4 was superior in both seasons. As for yield and its components, the plant density D2 was superior by giving the highest average for number of pods in plant and did not show any significant differences in autumn seasons for this trait, while in number of seeds in pod did not show significant differences in both seasons. In 100-seed weight, there were no significant differences in spring season while the plant density D3 gave highest average for this trait. In the yield (ton.ha-1), the plant density D2 was superior in giving highest average in spring season and low density D4 in autumn season. Sowing date did not show significant effect in number of leaves in plant in spring and autumn season and in leaf area and stem diameter. Sowing date gave significant differences; however, the date 30th July gave highest average for this trait in autumn season, while the date 31st March in spring season gave the highest average of stem diameter. The date 10th July in autumn season gave the highest average in the two seasons, while in 100-seed weight and seed yield, the date 31st gave the highest average for the both traits while did not show significant differences and for the same traits in autumn season. The interaction has affected in most traits except leaf area and number of pods in plant and number of seeds in pod in autumn season. As for 100 seed, weight did not show any significant differences in spring season. In seed yield (ton.ha-1) did not show any significant differences between study factors in both seasons.

Effect of Different Planting Pattern of (Rapeseed-Broad Bean) Using Replacement Series Method on Yield Performance of Rapeseed and Weed Biomass

A B S T R A C T A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the competitive effects of different densities of rapeseed-broad bean intercropping on weeds growth and rapeseed yield at Shoushtar Agriculture, University in 2014. The experiment was performed in a completely blocks randomized design with four replications using replacement series in which broad bean and rapeseed were planted in different ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 with a 20 bushes mG 2 . Weed dry weight and weed density were reduced in intercropping system compared to rapeseed and bean sole crops. The most reduction in weed dry mass occurred in 50:50 ratio of rapeseed-bean intercropping. By increasing the density of rapeseed the seed yields, the number of pods in plant, the number of seeds in pods and the weight of 1000 seeds were increased. Evaluation of relative yield was higher than 1 in all mixture ratios. Based on competition indices rapeseed was of a less competitive ability than broad bean. Also, there was a significant negative correlation observed between broad bean density and rapeseed yield components which implies that a high density of broad bean up to 25% can cause serious yield reduction in rapeseed.

Estimation some genetic parameters and path coefficient analysis of the soybean effected by plant density.

Field experiment was conducted at the farm AL Sofia place in Ramadi /Anbar Province (22.35º north, 12.34º south) on the right side of the Euphrates during summer season of 2013. Arandomized complete block design with three replication. the aim of this study was to study genetic parameters and path analysis in soybean . in a split plot design three plant densities which were (80000 plant.ha-1) (66666 plant.ha-1) and (57142 plant.ha-1) as main plots and five soybean cultivars (Giza 35, Giza 111, Giza22 , Taka 2, ALshaima ).Estimated Genotypic, phenotypic variances and coefficient of variability, broad sence heritability percentage, genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient and other characters were estimated. Path coefficient analysis carried out to partition the genotypic correlation coefficient to the direct and Indirect effects. The results showed that values variances and coefficients variation of genetic and phenotypic differed depending on plant density, and the values the genetic variation is greater than the values of variance environmental for all traits with the exception of the adjectives number of seeds in pod and weight of 100 seed, in the density D1 The values of the coefficient of variation phenotypic higher than the values of the coefficient of variation genotype for all traits. The highest heritability percentage in the broad sense of the trait number of seeds in pod amounted (96%).Explained analysis of the path coefficient that the number of seeds in pod for all plant densities achieved the highest direct effect in the yield of seeds was (1.156), while given the weight of 100 seed highest sum total of the effects of direct and indirect yield the seeds of (3.562) and all plant densities, we conclude from the study to adopt number of seeds in pod as a criterion for the development of electoral yield in soybean seeds.

Evaluating the Effects of competition among different densities of mallov (Malva parviflora) using replacement series method on the yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus L.)

In order to evaluate the competitive capability of rapeseed and malva towards different densities, experimental planting under vase conditions using replacement series and in perfectly random blocks was carried out in Dezfool City in 2012. Experimental treatments included rapeseed and malva plantings with different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0) with the density of eight bushes in each vase. The results showed that the biomass of the farm plant of rapeseed decreased due to an increase in the density of malva weed in the mixed plantations. The highest decrease in the dry mass of one bush of rapeseed comparing to its pure plantation was in the 25 percent density with 68 percent decrease. Moreover the biomass of malva experienced a significant decrease due to raising the share of rapeseed in the combination. Also by increasing the density of malva bushes the seed yields, the number of pods in a bush, the number of seeds in pods and the weight of 1000 seeds were decreased. The relative yielding of rapeseed in density ratios of 50 and 75 percent show the higher competitive capability of this crop plant, while in the lower density of rapeseed (25 percent) the relative yielding of malva was better. Relative competition coefficients of these two species also confirm that in higher densities rapeseed possesses a higher competitive strength.

Effect of Zeolite and Foliar Application of Selenium on Growth, Yield and Yield Component of Three Canola Cultivar under Conditions of Late Season Drought Stress

AbstractIn order to study effect of zeolite soil application and selenium foliar application on growth, yield and yield components of three canola cultivar under conditions of late season drought stress an experiment was conducted in two growing season in 2006 and 2007. Site study was field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block arrangement in factorial split plot with three replications. Irrigation factors were chosen at two levels, included complete irrigation and irrigation holding at stem elongation stage. Zeolite was used at two levels, non application and 10 ton per hectare. Also selenium was sprayed at three concentrations, 0, 15 and 30 gr per liter from sodium selenate. These treatments were randomized in main plots while three canola cultivars (‘Zarfam’, ‘Okapi’ and ‘Sarigol’) were randomized in sub plots. The results showed that, main effects of different irrigation levels have significant effect on all traits and drought stress decreased significantly all traits. Foliar application of selenium had significant and additive effect on plant height, number of pods in plant, number of seeds in pod, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and oil yield. There was significant difference between zeolite application and non application on all traits except oil percent and harvest index. It was shown that canola cultivars were different in all of studied traits. Comparison of means showed that, four critical traits that is seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and oil yield were affected by experimental treatments. Different cultivars have different responses under unlike conditions inside upon traits. Under different treatment conditions especially drought stress, zeolite and selenium application have positive and significant effect on traits related to yield. In finally, zeolite and selenium application in dry lands that are exposure to late season drought stress can be helpful for yield improvement and prevent of decreasing yield.

THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT FORMATION OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES

In 2005 and 2006, the influence of fertilization was investigated on forming of yield components and yield of three soybean varieties in sugar beet growing area. Varieties Korada, Supra and OAC Vision were grown. Number of plants per m2, number of pods per plant, number of seeds in pod, thousand seeds weight, yield of seeds, yield of stems and harvest index were examined. Variants of fertilization: I. non-fertilized control, II. LAV 27 % (40 kg ha-1 net nutrient of N) in growing stage of first pair of true leaves unfolded, III. Humix komplet (rate 8 l.ha-1) applied in growing stage of first pair of true leaves unfolded (4 l.ha-1) and in growing stage of first flower buds visible (4 l.ha-1), IV. Humix komplet in rate 8 l.ha-1 applied in growing stage of first pair of true leaves unfolded. The yields of seeds and stems were high significantly influenced by variety, fertilization and year. The significantly highest yield of seeds was achieved by Korada variety (4,04 t.ha-1). Varieties OAC Vision and Supra reached yields in interval 3,74-3,84 t.ha-1. Split rate of Humix komplet (III var) significantly influenced yield of seeds and stems. The fertilization have increased weight of seeds in proportion to aboveground phyto-mass weight, what was expressed by harvest index.