Comparative carpological assessment of F1 hybrids of Brassica napus L.

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the morphological structure of the fruits of 26 commercial winter hybrids Brassica napus L., collected in July 2023 at the Breeding Station named after N.N. Timofeev Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Marker carpological characteristics of pods of B. napus hybrids have been established, which can be used in identifying and assessing the potential seed productivity of plants. Statistical analysis showed that the pods of the studied B. napus hybrids were characterized by stable and slightly varying morphometric parameters. The ratio of fruit length to its diameter was the greatest in F1 BS10, amounting to 19.4, and the smallest ratio of fruit length to its diameter was found in F1 BS22 - 8.34. The largest number of seeds in pods was observed in F1 BS10, and amounted to an average of 36.45 pieces; F1 BS22 (12.5 pieces) was characterized by the smallest number of seeds in the fruit. The longest pod stalk was observed in F1 BS17, which averaged 2.28 cm, and the shortest pod length was observed in F1 BS22 (1.28 cm). The greatest angle of departure of the pod stalk from the raceme was observed in F1 BS16 plants, which averaged 94.33o; the smallest angle is set for F1 BS4 (75.4o). As a result of the initial selection assessment and analysis of carpological data, a promising hybrid F1 BS10 was isolated, which differs from other B. napus hybrids in large pods with the largest number of seeds in the fruit.