Number Of Protocorms Research Articles

In Vitro Response of Protocorm Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum (Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J.Sm. Orchid in Growth on Several Media Composition

Family Orchidaceae has about 800 genera which are already difficult to find and almost extinct, including the orchid genus Grammatophyllum. A species of rare orchids, Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum, is hard to find in original habitat. The addition of Growmore, BAP and 15% coconut water is expected to increase the growth and development of the G. stapeliiflorum orchid protocorms. This study use a Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 6 treatments (control, 1 and 3 mg/l BAP, 1 and 3 g/l Growmore, and 150 ml/l coconut water) in MS media with 5 replicates with observation for 4 weeks after planting. The results showed did not differ markedly in the number of protocorms, number of shoots and number of browning protocorms, but differ markedly in the parameter protocorm color based on DMRT test. Treatment of 3 mg/l BAP gives the best results on the number of shoots 2,60 protocorms and number of browning protocormss at the least amount 0,80 protocorms. The number of protocorms most widely on the treatment of 1 g/l Growmore 14,40 protocorms. Protocorms color is best found in 3 g/l Growmore with green color. This research managed to multiply the number of protocorms and induces protocorms shoots from Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum orchid.

Zastosowanie peptonu Peptobak-Bacutil tu hodowli merystematycznej tkanki Cymbidium Sw. [Application of the peptone Peptobak-Bacutil medium in the culture of meristem-tissue of Cymbidium Sw.

In was found that peptone of Peptobak-Bacutil brand (produced in Poland fulfills perfectly the requirements in cultures in vitro of the meristem tissues of <i>Cymbidium</i> in the modified Tsuchiya's medium in a concentration of 2 g per 1. A decrease in the concentration to 1 g per 1. affects the growth intensity of the tissue, but an increase of concentration up to 3 g per 1. retards the transformation of protocorms into the plant-stage. Growth of the meristem tissue of <i>Cymbidium</i> in the medium consolidated with agar is weaker and the number of protocorms produced 2,3 times lower than in liquid media.

Effect of morphactine on differentiation and development of Cymbidium Sw. protocorms cultured in vitro

The morphogenetic effect of morphactine IT 3456 on meristematic tissue of <i>Cymbidium </i>Sw. was investigated within the dose range 0.01 to 10 ppm in <i>in vitro</i> culture on liquid and agar-solidified medium. In the doses applied, morphactine increased the number of protocorms differentiating from isolated meristematic tissues, and, in dependence on the dose, affected their shape and proliferation. Morphactine retards, and in large doses completely inhibits, the development of rhizoids, shoots and roots. Various developmental anomalies were observed under the influence of morphactine: leaf syncotylia, and their deformation, thickening, shortening, flattening and branching of shoots as well as formation of 2-3 shoots by one protocorm and development of secondary protocorms on the leaves.

Germination failure is not a critical stage of reproductive isolation between three congeneric orchid species

In food-deceptive orchid species, postmating reproductive barriers (fruit set and embryo mortality) have been shown to be more important for reproductive isolation than premating barriers (pollinator isolation). However, currently there is very little knowledge about whether germination failure acts as a reproductive barrier in hybridizing orchid species. In this study, we investigated germination and protocorm development of pure and hybrid seeds of three species of the orchid genus Dactylorhiza. To test the hypothesis that germination failure contributed to total reproductive isolation, reproductive barriers based on germination were combined with already available data on early acting barriers (fruit set and embryo mortality) to calculate the relative and absolute contributions of these barriers to reproductive isolation. Protocorms were formed in all crosses, indicating that both hybrid and pure seeds were able to germinate and grow into protocorms. Also, the number of protocorms per seed packet was not significantly different between hybrid and pure seeds. High fruit set, high seed viability, and substantial seed germination resulted in very low reproductive isolation (average RI = 0.05). In two of six interspecific crosses, hybrids performed even better than the intraspecific crosses. Very weak postmating reproductive barriers were observed between our study species and may explain the frequent occurrence of first-generation hybrids in mixed Dactylorhiza populations. Germination failure, which is regarded as one of the most important bottlenecks in the orchid life cycle, was not important for reproductive isolation.

Absence of Recruitment Limitation in Restored Dune Slacks Suggests That Manual Seed Introduction Can Be a Successful Practice for Restoring Orchid Populations

AbstractAnswering the question whether or not to introduce seeds of target species in restored habitats depends on the relative importance of dispersal and recruitment limitation. Especially in orchid species, recruitment limitation is expected to be important because of their dependence on mycorrhiza for germination. Using a large seed introduction experiment we investigated the relative importance of dispersal versus recruitment limitation in the failure of three rare orchid species to colonize restored habitat patches. For all species, seeds developed successfully into protocorms in both occupied and unoccupied habitats, and no significant differences in the number of protocorms per seed packet were found between occupied and unoccupied habitats. These results show that orchid species do not necessarily suffer from recruitment limitation when introduced in restored habitats, and that manual introduction of orchid seeds can be a successful and necessary ecological restoration practice.

Comparison of Gamete Selection for Heat Stress and Cool Temperature Tolerance

Gamete selection was examined as a breeding tool in developing Phalaenopsis hybrids that are more cool or warm temperature tolerant. Four pairs of hybrid cultivars of Phalaenopsis were cross-pollinated, and then exposed to two temperature extremes, 30 °C / 25 °C and 14 °C/9 °C, during pollen tube development and subsequent fertilization. One of each pollinated orchid cultivar was placed in either of two growth chambers and exposed to an 11-h photoperiod with an irradiance of 180 μmol·m-2·s-1 and a relative humidity of 70% during the day and 50% at night for 3-7 days depending on the temperature treatment. The plants were returned to the greenhouse after the initiation of fruit set and the pods were collected after 150 days. Seeds collected from these treatments were surface-sterilized, placed on Phytamax medium and evaluated for protocorm development after 73 days on a thermogradient table ranging from 10 to 30 °C. For the first family for which reciprocal crosses were available, the number of protocorms per plate ranged from 0 in the coldest treatments to 290 at 28 °C. For cold pollinated seeds, protocorm development was optimum at 22 and 28 °C (means of 290 and 250 protocorms per plate, respectively) whereas the greatest protocorm development for warm pollinated seeds occurred at 20 °C (103 protocorms per plate). Of the 1471 total protocorms scored, 1095 were from cold pollinations, whereas 376 were from the warm pollinations. Additional replication is required to confirm the greater germinability of cold-pollinated seed at higher temperatures.