Number Of Productive Nodes Research Articles

Results of evaluating the early maturity and yield potential of wild vetch varieties growing in Moscow Oblast

Wild-growing varieties are used in the breeding of Vicia sativa L. in order to expand genotypic diversity and improve the environmental stability of created varieties. In order to find wild-growing vetch possessing valuable breeding traits, 22 specimens from 15 countries were evaluated. Tests were conducted in a field experiment in the south of Moscow Oblast in 2018, 2020, and 2021. The ‘Vera’ variety served as the reference. On the basis of three-year data and in accordance with the International Classification of Vicia sativa L., the specimens were evaluated for early maturity, crop and seed production, seed size, leading shoot length, branchiness, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds in a pod. All the specimens were characterized by early maturity of fodder mass and seeds. The three-year average duration of the “sprouting- crop ripeness” period amounted to 34.7-46.3 days, while that of “sprouting-seed maturity” reached 59.0-67.5 days. In wild-growing specimens, the dry weight of the plant in the phase of crop ripeness ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 g (18-92 % of the reference). The fodder mass yield per plant was lower than that of the reference variety due to the poorer development of lateral shoots. Nineteen specimens were at the same level as or superior to the reference variety in terms of plant height. The three-year average seed yield of the specimens varied from 1.3 to 3.2 g (28-70 % of the reference). An analysis of seed yield showed that all specimens produced fewer pods than the reference. However, seven specimens were identified to be annually superior to the reference in terms of other traits: seed size (kk-36830, 36831, 36837, 36848, and 36850); the average number of seeds in the pod (kk-36871); the maximum number of pods in a node; the number of pods and the number of productive nodes on the leading shoot (kk-36879). These specimens are of interest for use in breeding vetch for seed yield.

BREEDING AND GENETIC FEATURES OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES BASED ON THE MANIFESTATION OF TRAITS IN F1 HYBRIDS IN TOPCROSSES

Further increase in gross soybean production requires the introduction of new varieties with an optimal combination of elements of the crop structure. Hybridization in soybeans is the main effective method of creating new varieties. Increasing the efficiency of hybridization in obtaining heterotic offspring is possible when using parental forms with high combinational ability in crosses. In the study, a two-tester analysis of topcrosses of soybean varieties differing in economically valuable traits was used. Based on the results of the combinational ability assessment, the value of soybean varieties was determined by the elements of the yield structure. Heterotic combinations in first-generation hybrids were identified, from which it is more likely to select highly productive forms in later hybrid populations F2-F4. The high effects of ZKZ and SCZ on plant height in varieties Medea, Kyivska 97, Sawyer 2-95 and KiVin tester; on the height of lower bean attachment in varieties Sawyer 2-95, Ustia, Kharkivska skoroglya and KiVin tester; on the number of productive nodes - in varieties Kyivska 97 and Goverla tester; by the number of beans per plant - in varieties Sawyer 2-95, Kyivska 97 and tester Goverla; by the number of seeds per plant - in varieties Medea, Kyivska 97 and tester KiVin; by the weight of 1000 seeds - in varieties Sawyer 2-95, Kyivska 97 and tester Goverla; by the weight of grain per plant - in varieties Sawyer 2-95, Kyivska 97 and tester Goverla. It was found that additive effects of genes were predominant in the genetic control of plant height and lower bean attachment, elements of yield structure and grain weight per plant, but there is a smaller influence of non-additive effects. The manifestation of true heterosis (dominance in 100% of cases) in hybrids (F1) was found in crosses with both testers for the number of productive nodes, number of beans and seeds per plant, and grain weight per plant.

SSR Genotyping and Marker-Trait Association with Yield Components in a Kazakh Germplasm Collection of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Genetic diversity and marker-trait association with yield-related components were assessed in 39 chickpea accessions from a germplasm collection with either spring or autumn-sown seeds in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Chickpea accessions originated from Azerbaijan, Germany, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Türkiye, Ukraine, Syria, and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). Eleven SSR markers were used for molecular genotyping. Yield and yield components were evaluated in nine traits in experiments with spring and autumn seed sowing. The number of alleles of polymorphic markers varied from 2 to 11. The greatest polymorphism was found in the studied chickpea genotypes using SSR marker TA22 (11 alleles), while NCPGR6 and NCPGR12 markers were monomorphic. In the studied chickpea accessions, unique alleles of the SSR loci TA14, TA46, TA76s, and TA142 were found that were not previously described by other authors. An analysis of correlation relationships between yield-related traits in chickpea revealed the dependence of yield on plant height, branching, and the setting of a large number of beans. These traits showed maximal values in experiments with chickpea plants from autumn seed sowing. An analysis of the relationship between the SSR markers applied and morphological yield-related traits revealed several informative markers associated with important traits, such as plant height, height to first pod, number of branches, number of productive nodes, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, seed weight per plant, and seed yield.

Response of Conilon coffee cultivars in the central cerrado in irrigated management pivot sprinkler

Coffee cultivation has been growing significantly, since the world demand has increased considerably in recent decades. Among the coffees, conilon coffee has been a good option for cultivation in the Cerrado, as it presents good production in areas of high altitudes, however the study of canefora coffee in irrigated system in the Cerrado is something recent. The work aimed to analyze the productive potential of superior clones of caneflower coffee cultivars through agronomic performance under irrigated conditions in the Central Cerrado and to select the outstanding clones for future use in genetic improvement programs. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados in Planaltina - DF, in a randomized block design with three replications. The cultivars evaluated were Diamante ES 8112, ES 8122 - Jequitibá and Centenária ES 8132, each composed of 9 clones totaling 27 conilon coffee genotypes, with different maturation times. The clones were planted with 3.5 x 0.5 m spacing in a center pivot irrigation system. The characteristics evaluated from two harvests (2018 and 2020) were: average grain yield (PMG); percentage of grains retained in sieve 16 (sieve > 16); percentage of mocha grains (GMO); average plant height (AP), crown projection (PC) and number of productive nodes (NNP). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. Based on the result of the analysis of variance, there was a significant difference in all maturation cycles for the traits PMG, sieve > 16, GMO, AP, PC and NNP. The averages of grain size percentage in sieve size 16 or larger were distinct in the 3 groups analyzed. It was found that the averages of production of processed grains (PMG) were different in the two years evaluated, due to the environmental conditions imposed from one year to another. Within the clones, clone 207 presented the highest grain yield value in 2020 with 12493 kg ha-1. There was genotypic variability in the behavior of clonal varieties and their respective clones, being able to select clones and use them within breeding programs, for targeted crosses and subsequent development of new cultivars.

Results of the study of soybean varieties at Omsk agricultural research centre in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The authors conducted research from 2012–2021 at LLP Agricultural Experimental Station “Zarechnoye” of the Kostanay region of Kazakhstan. The experiment included early maturing soybean varieties bred by the Omsk ANC, approved for cultivation in the Russian Federation: Dina, Sibiryachka and Zolotistaya, also zoned in the Republic of Kazakhstan. From May till September 2012, 2014, 2019, and 2022 dry weather conditions were observed (HTC 0.40 - 0.69); arid (HTC 0.70 - 0.99) - in 2015 - 2017, 2020; moderately humid (HTC 1.00) - in 2013 and 2018 A significant positive effect on the duration of the growing season was provided by an increase in the HTC coefficient for the period May–September (r = 0.566) and in July (r = 0.444). An increase in precipitation lengthened the growing season to 113 days, and an increase in air temperature accelerated the growing season to 83 days (r = -0.353 and r = -0.440, respectively). The most stable was the plant height, which varied depending on the conditions of the year and variety from 55 to 76 cm - the coefficient of variation was about 10%. Significant varietal differences in average long-term values were revealed only by the number of pods per plant - the Sibiryachka cultivar had an advantage over the Dina and Zolotistaya cultivars, having formed an average of 36 pods per plant over ten years. The level of seed yield was significantly affected by the amount of precipitation (r = 0.608) and air temperature (r = 0.632) in June, as well as the number of productive nodes (r = 0.365) per plant. The increase in the share of protein was positively influenced by the rise in the amount of precipitation in June and in general for May–September: r = 0.415 and r = 0.581, respectively, as well as by the HTC for these periods: r = 0.362 and r = 0.561. A significant positive correlation was found between the protein content and the weight of 1000 seeds (r = 0.615) and a not high but significant positive correlation between the weight of 1000 seeds and the amount of precipitation in August (r = 0.375). The maximum seed yield and protein content in the experiment were noted in the Dina variety in 2016 - 2.78 t/ha and 40.6%, respectively. Variety Zolotistaya has the best resistance to stress in these indicators. Types differed in plasticity: Dina - in terms of yield (bi = 1.11) and Sibiryachka - in terms of weight of 1000 seeds (bi = 1.18). All varieties of the selection of the Omsk ANC included in the experiment can be used in breeding work in the conditions of the Kostanay region as sources of early maturity and yield - they need from 93 to 110 days to form more than 2.4 t/ha of seeds.

Priority directions of modern breeding of vegetable peas (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.)

Over the years, breeders around the world have made significant changes to the architecture of plants of vegetable pea varieties. The changes made were aimed at increasing, first of all, the yield. New varieties should have an optimal combination of plant height, the number of productive nodes and increased resistance to lodging. Having achieved certain results, breeders find ways to improve the culture, further improving its economically valuable features. The article highlights the priority directions in the selection of vegetable peas in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center»(FSBSI FSVC), which are directly related to modern market requirements, and considers the specific factors encountered in breeding work, in the production sector and seed practice. Within the framework of import substitution and the achievement of food security of the country, the scientists of the center are intensively working to create new generation varieties: highly productive (by increasing the number of beans at the node and the number of seeds in the bean), suitable for mechanized harvesting (by obtaining appropriate morphotypes with increased stem strength or modified leaf shape) and with high quality indicators of green peas. There is also a constant selection for resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors that have been changing in recent years, both in the country and around the world. The article presents the main achievements obtained thanks to the experience and knowledge of the leading breeders of the center, specialists in seed production and production, as well as specialists in the field of plant immunity. Thus, selectively valuable forms with high productivity (up to 30 beans and more than 150 seeds per plant) were obtained, a variety with high resistance to lodging due to the strength of the stem was obtained. Work is underway to create varieties with high quality green peas and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Комплексная оценка сортов сои мировой селекции в условиях Северного Казахстана

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of 150 soybean cultivars of various ecological and geographical origins from a collection nursery, obtained in 2021 and 2022 on the basis of the breeding station of the S.Seifullin KATU in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan. The years of research were characterized as acutely arid. For the conditions of the sharply continental climate of Northern Kazakhstan, the main limiting factor for soybean is precocity. As a result of the research, a promising soybean breeding material with a set of specified characteristics was identified in order to use them in the further breeding process: 104 cultivars with a short growing season; 38 – with the largest number of beans. The highest positive correlation was established between the yield and the number of beans per plant (r = 0.58), the height of attachment of the lower bean (r = 0.40), the number of productive nodes (r = 0.58), the number of seeds in the bean (r = 0.55), the weight of 1000 seeds (r = 0.56) and the weight of seeds per a bean (r = 0.45). A number of soybean cultivars with a relatively high yield, seed quality and precocity have been identified. The yield of the studied soybean cultivars varied from 3.6 to 11.2 quintal/ha (standard – 9.0 quintal/ha). On average, for two years, the highest yield (from 9.1 to 10.1 quintal/ha) was formed by Chinese cultivars: LongKen 310, Beidou 43, Heihe 43, Huajiong 2. The standard cultivar Ivushka was characterized with the highest protein and oil contents in the experiment – 41.06 and 19.03%, respectively.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang dan Konsentrasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Soybean is one of the potential food crops that has a high vegetable protein content, which is around 40%. The aim of this study was to obtain an optimal combination of manure dose and PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) concentration on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors repeated three times. The first factor is the dose of manure: K1 = 0 tons ha-1, K2 = 10 tons ha-1, and K3 = 20 tons ha-1. The second factor was the concentration of PGPR, namely P0 = 0 ml l-1, P1 = 5 ml l-1, P2 = 10 ml l-1, and P3 = 15 ml l-1. The results showed that there was no interaction between the treatment dose of manure and the PGPR concentration. Separately, the treatment dose of manure and concentration of PGPR had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, plant dry weight, number of productive nodes, number of pods per plant, percent of filled pods, dry seed weight, and weight of 100 seeds. The dose of manure 20 tons ha-1, was able to increase the dry seed yield to 21.42 g plant--1 and 2.91 tons ha-1, and the weight of 100 seeds was 30.49 g plant-1. While the application of PGPR with a concentration of 15 ml l -1 resulted in a dry seed weight of 21.11 g plant-1 and 2.93 tons ha-1 and a weight of 100 seeds of 30.09 g plamt-1, which was higher than without PGPR treatment.

Performance of Agronomic Characters of Soybean Lines Derived from Different Crossing

High productivity has always been a top priority in current soybean plant breeding activities. The availability of high yielding varieties would considerably increase the national soybean production and have a positive impact on farmers’ income and welfare. This study aimed to evaluate selected soybean characters supporting high yield in several genotype crosses. The study was conducted in 2017 using 26 soybean lines derived from crosses among different parents. A randomized block design was used with three replications. The results showed that the soybean lines tested showed differences in days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of productive nodes per plant, number of filled pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield per plot. The lines with the same days to maturity were related to selection process. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the number of productive nodes per plant, and the number of filled pods per plant. The parent of the cross had an effect on the grouping. There were two major groups with Tgm/Anj-773 as a separate group. The highest number of filled pod was achieved by Grb/Lwt-17, while the highest seed yield was noted in Tgm/Anj-773. In addition to the highest seed yield, Tgm/Anj-773 also had early days to flowering, as well as many number of branches, productive nodes and filled pods, thus this genotype is promising to be released as a variety with high yield potential.<br /><br />

THE INITIAL MATERIAL PARAMETERS OF ECONOMIC-VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING BEANS

This article presents the results of various sample studies a bean varieties study in the Almaty region conditions. An assessment of 30 varieties of beans by phases of plant development and economically valuable traits: plant height, by the height of the attachment of the lower node, number of branches, number of productive nodes, and weight of 1000 seeds. An analysis was carried out according to the degree of the interrelation of some elements, and a positive and negative dependence between the signs was revealed. The identified correlations will be used in breeding work for high yields and identifying bush forms of beans when selecting the source material. It is expedient to use the following variety samples as initial material in bean breeding: for the height of plants and by the height of the attachment of the lower node (211, 228, 234, 240, 226, 227, 232, 239, 223, 241 235, 233, 222, 215, 225, 231, 182, 236); productivity (168, 228, 241, 239, 224, 232, 211, 209, 225, 237, 230). The selected varieties of grain beans combine a set of economically valuable traits with a set of traits that have breeding value as a source of early ripeness, high yield, and suitability for mechanized harvesting. According to the results of the research revealed valuable information about the accumulated collections and specific collection samples, which makes it possible to effectively select the initial forms for hybridization, including intraspecific crosses.

Results and directions of breeding research of Pisum sativum in Eastern Siberia

The study of productivity and manufacturability of pea varieties, both existing and removed from zoning, was carried out. The tasks of the paper included analysis of a sample of pea varieties in terms of yield, the main features of productivity - the number of productive and unproductive nodes, seeds and beans per plant, their variability; assessment of the influence of the genotype, growing conditions and the interaction of these factors in the formation of signs of productivity and manufacturability; identifying the relationship between the main features of productivity, productivity and manufacturability in order to determine the vectors for further breeding work with the crop. In terms of yield, the effectiveness of the crop variety change was revealed. In terms of productivity elements, the Kan variety had the maximum indicators, which allows us to consider it as a source in terms of the number of beans and seeds per plant. A significant influence of the genotype on resistance to lodging of 53.34% was revealed, with the influence of the conditions of the year of 0.77%, the interaction of factors of 45.87%, and the average positive dependence of yield with resistance to lodging of plants in varieties with a mustachioed leaf type (ґ=0.63±0.19), therefore, the introduction in the breeding process of high-tech varieties can help increase yields. In different years, the yield was influenced by different signs of productivity (2019 - the number of beans and seeds, 2020 - the number of grains of the bean, 2021 - the number of productive nodes and the grain content of the bean), with a strong mutual contingency (r = 0.76...0.93). Due to the impossibility of isolating any one trait that affects the yield, breeding work should be carried out in a comprehensive manner and be aimed at the development of all elements of productivity.

The effect of main tillage methods on pea productivity

The current paper has presented the results of a three-year study (2019–2021), the purpose of which was to study and evaluate the impact of various tillage methods on pea productivity. The trials were carried out on the fields of the structural subdivision of “NCRIMEA” of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. There have been studied four tillage methods such as subsurface; layer-by-layer; moldboard; ‘no-tillage’ variant. Weather conditions during the study period were contrasting and affected plant vegetation period. When estimating the effect of tillage methods, there were taken into account such indicators of pea productivity as number of productive plants, number of productive nodes, number of productive beans, number of seeds per bean, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, and productivity. The three-year study and estimation of the effect of various tillage methods on pea yields and its productivity, there was found that the growing season decrease negatively affected pea productivity under all tillage methods, along with this the plants reacted more sharply to this under the moldboard tillage. The most favorable effect on pea productivity was provided by variants ‘no-tillage’ and subsurface tillage due to the maximum formation of number of nodes, beans and seeds in plants, as well as seed weight increase. The estimated mean pea productivity in 2019–2021 showed the advantage of a subsurface tillage (3.15 t/ha). Relative to it, there was established productivity decrease on 2.2% in the variant ‘no-tillage’, on 13.97% in the variant with a layer-by-layer tillage, and on 28.25% in the variant with moldboard tillage.

Komponen Hasil dan Karakter Morfologi Penentu Hasil Kedelai pada Lahan Kering Tegalan

Correlation and path analysis between yield components and grain yield may be useful to provide the basis for planning more efficient in the selection program to obtain high yielding soybean genotype. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the most responsible yield components to grain yield of morphologically diverse soybean varieties. Fifteen soybean varieties were evaluated on dry land in Grobogan, Central Java during the late rainy season of 2019. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with four replications. Each of the genotypes was grown in five rows of five meters long. Plant spacing was 40cm x 20 cm with two seeds per hill. Results showed that among the yield components, days to maturity, number of productive nodes, number of pods per plant and seed size were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield (r= 0.501, 0.533, 0.404 and 0.422). Except the number of productive nodes, the direct effect of days to maturity, number of pods per plant and seed size to grain yield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, each was 0.711, 0.503 and 0.520 respectively. The direct effect of number of productive nodes and other yield component were small or negative. Base on both analysis soybean genotypes with high grain yield showed have earlier maturity (<85 days), a high number of pods per plant (>35 Pods/plant) and large seed size (>15 g/100 grain). Therefore, days to maturity, pod per plant, and seed size can be suggested for selection criteria in selecting high yielding soybean genotypes on dry land.

Особливості нових зразків сої Glycine max. (L.) в умовах зрошення Півдня України

Goal. To study and select donors and genetic sources of basic economic traits for their further use in the selection process. Methods. Field — to establish the phenological phases of plant growth and development; measuring and weighing — to account for harvest; laboratory — to determine crop structure; mathematical and statistical — to analyze variance and statistical data processing to assess the reliability of research results. Results. The sample UKR006: 01021 Ideal was isolated from the studied soybean gene pool by ultra-early maturity. The duration of its growing season was 93 days. The maturation took place 6 days faster than in the standard variety UD0201975 Diona (97 days). The advantage of this sample is that it can be grown in basic and post-harvest and low-yield crops. “Large” — 19.8 cm (8 points) attachment of the lower bean above the soil surface was observed in the sample of soybeans UKR006: 01024 Oleshshia, “very large” — 21 cm (9 points) — in the sample UKR006: 01023 Pivdenna Krasunia. The number of productive nodes, the number of beans on the main stem and side branches, and the number of seeds per plant had the most significant-close connection with the mass of seeds from the plant. Conclusions. Sources were selected for the main economic features: samples UKR006: 01021 Ideal for ultra-early ripening, UKR006: 01024 Oleshshia, UKR006: 01023 Pivdenna Krasunia — for the height of the attachment of the lower bean. They may be recommended for use in the selection process.

The study results of the promising pea lines in the soil and climatic conditions of the Kirov region

The current paper has presented the results of estimating pea varieties in the Competitive Variety Testing. The purpose of the study was to analyze pea lines at the final stage of the breeding process and to identify the promising ones according to economically valuable traits. The study of variety samples was carried out in laboratory for legumes breeding and primary seed production at the Falyonsky breeding station in 2018–2020. The objects of the study were 28 peas lines and varieties of various morphotypes. The estimation of samples, observations and accounting were carried out according to the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing. The standard varieties were the varieties ‘Krasnoufimsky 93’, ‘Ryabchik’, ‘Falyonsky usatyi’, zoned in the Volga-Vyatka region. The vegetation periods of 2018–2020 contrastingly differed among themselves in moisture supply and temperature regime, the most favorable hydrothermal conditions were in 2019, the most unfavorable ones were in 2018 and 2020. As a result of the study, there have been identified the lines that exceeded the standard varieties in productivity of grain, green mass and dry matter. In the group of white-flowered grain crops, there was identified the line ‘E-483’ with 3.49 t/ha of mean grain productivity, 31.4 t/ha of green mass and 5.28 t/ha of hay. In the group of color-flowered grain crops, the maximum productivity of grain, green mass and dry matter was identified in the line ‘E-3588’ with 4.16, 34.9 and 7.73 t/ha, respectively. Among the leafless variety samples, the line ‘E-1250’ produced the highest grain yield with 3.71 t ha. There have been identified the lines with high indicators of yield structure elements. The maximum number of fertile nodes was identified in the line ‘E-3745’ (4.2 pcs.). The maximum number of kernels was identified in the lines ‘E-483’, ‘E-3542’, ‘E-3798’ (5.8 pcs.). The maximum number of kernels per plant was identified in the line ‘D-24746’ (25.9 pcs.). The maximum seed productivity was identified in the line ‘E-3845’ (4.4 g). The highest values of the number of productive nodes and kernels were obtained in the group of white-flowered leafy varieties. The largest number of kernels per plant was identified in the maple pea. Seed productivity and 1000-kernel weight were higher in the leafless variety samples. According to stem length and resistance to lodging, there has been identified the advantage of the leafless lines.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННЫХ СОРТООБРАЗЦОВ ГОРОХА В УСЛОВИЯХ КИРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article presents the results of studying the genotypes of peas by a complex of breeding valua-ble traits. The research was carried out in 2014-2021 in accordance with the methodological guidelines of the VIR and the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. The objects of study are 59 collectible varieties of peas of various morphotypes, the standard is the Krasnoufimsky 93 variety (Sverdlovsk region). The aim of the work was to isolate the genetic sources of peas by a set of traits for further use in the breeding process. The weather conditions during the study period were contrasting, which allowed the most objective assessment of the studied samples. Grain yields ranged from 126 g/m2 (2021 g) to 468 g/m2 (2014 g). As a result of the study, varietal samples were determined that significantly exceeded the standard for grain yield. The highest yield on average for 2014-2021 was obtained from samples Tigra (Germany) – 437 g/m2, Stabil (Austria) – 376 g/m2, Grana (USA) – 353 g/m2, G-21594 (Kirov region) – 340 g/m2, G-24596 – 331 g/m2, etc. Genotypes with high indicators of productivity elements were identified. The maximum value of the number of productive nodes was noted in the Serio variety (USA) – 4.6 pcs., the number of beans – in G-21594 (7.5 pcs.), the number of grains – in the Verkholuzskaya variety (Komi Republic, 32.2 pcs.), productivity – in the Stabil variety (6.6 g). Most of the studied genotypes (78%) had a mass of 1000 seeds 150-250 g. The largest seeds were characterized by sample No. 40 (Bulgaria, weight of 1000 seeds 340 g). It was found that the grain yield, the number of productive nodes, beans and grains per plant differed the most in the studied cultivars, the mass of 1000 seeds varied slightly.

Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Genotypic Correlation of Soybean Agronomic Characters

<p>Genetic parameters are important in genetic improvement and variety development. This study aimed to determine the effective characters that can be applied as selection criterion in soybean breeding using genetic parameters. About 100 soybean genotypes were grown in the Muneng Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation from April to July 2020. The trial was conducted using a randomized complete block design. The results showed that high genetic variability was found on days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of productive nodes per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. The high heritability was shown by days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, and 100-seed weight. All phenotypic correlations were significant, except for the correlation between seed yield and days to maturity, plant height, number of branches, and number of productive nodes. The seed yield had no genotypic correlation with all agronomic characters observed. The genotypic correlation was only significant for plant height and number of productive nodes, number of branches and number of filled pods, as well as number of productive nodes and 100-seed weight. Therefore, the improvement of seed yield can be conducted through direct selection using the seed yield parameter or indirectly using the 100-seed weight.<br /><br /></p>

Structure elements features formation of soybean plants yield in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The results of the study in 2016 - 2018 are presented varieties of common cultivated soybeans on chernozem soils in the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to study new highly productive early ripening varieties of soybeans suitable for cultivation in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. The object of research is plants of common cultivated soybean varieties (Glycine hispida Maxim (L.) Merril). The study used field and statistical methods. Field studies were carried out in a selection experiment based on a four-field grain-fallow crop rotation, the predecessor was winter triticale after pure fallow. The experimental scheme included four early maturing soybean varieties zoned in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia. In terms of productivity, the Cheremshanka and Eldorado varieties stood out on average over three years (3.83; 3.60 t/ha, respectively). The use of mathematical statistical methods showed that in our experiment the productivity of plants had a strong positive relationship with the number of productive nodes (r = 0.91), beans (r = 0.87) and seeds per plant (r = 0.89); with a mass of 1000 seeds, the relationship is also positive, but of medium strength (r = 0.60). Studies have shown that weather conditions influenced the weight of seeds per soybean plant. By the number of seeds per plant, the Eldorado variety stood out - 42.2 pcs. The greatest mass of 1000 seeds was in the Sibiryachka variety and amounted to 183.5 g, only the Cheremshanka variety was closer - 179.6 g. The most productive plants were in the Cheremshanka and Eldorado varieties - 6.6 and 6.5 g/plant, respectively. It is 8% better than the standard variety.

Evolution of soil cover and dry shoot phytomass accumulation of autumn/winter cover crops and its effect on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession

The cultivation of cover crops under no-tillage systems can promote positive improvements in soil attributes and promote increases in grain yield of successor crops, such as soybeans. The aim of this work was to evaluate the evolution of soil cover and accumulation of dry shoot phytomass of autumn/winter cover crops and their impact on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession. Black oats (Avena strigosa), rye (Secale cereale) and turnip (Raphanus sativus) were used as cover species in single crops, dual and triple intercropping, in addition to the fallow and weeded controls. The percentage of soil cover (%) and the accumulation of dry shoot phytomass were evaluated at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after sowing (DAS). In soybean crop, plant height, number of productive nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, mass of a thousand grains and grain yield were evaluated. The cultivation of turnip single provided the fastest soil coverage, with 90.0% at 45 DAS. The intercropping between rye + turnip provided the largest accumulations of dry shoot phytomass, greater than 7.0 Mg ha-1 at 105 DAS. The highest soybean yields were obtained in succession to the cultivation of black oat and rye in single, yielding approximately 3,300 kg ha-1, 50% higher compared to fallow and weeded treatments.

Maternal effect of agronomic and morphological characters on cluster structure of F3 soybean lines

Abstract. Badiaraja PH, Zubaidah S, Kuswantoro H. 2021. Maternal effect of agronomic and morphological characters on cluster structure of F3 soybean lines. Biodiversitas 22: 969-982. The study was to determine the maternal effect on the agronomic and morphological characters and their impact on F3 soybean lines cluster structure. The results showed the maternal effect was found in agronomic and morphological characters. In agronomic characters, the maternal effect was shown by plant height, number of productive nodes, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant, and 100-seed weight. In morphological characters, pod width, pod thickness, seed width, and seed thickness were shown by pod width. Based on cluster analysis results, at Grobogan/UM 3-2 cross, the best individuals for the number of branches, the number of productive nodes, the number of filled pods, the number of unfilled pods, the number of seeds per plant, and the seed yield per plant were obtained in Cluster 2. For the 100-seed weight, pod length, pod width, pod thickness, seed width, and seed thickness, the best individuals were in Cluster 1. Meanwhile, at UM 3-2/Grobogan cross, the best individuals for the plant height were in Cluster 2, while seed length was in Cluster 3. For the number of seeds per pod, the best individuals can be obtained from Cluster 6. The maternal-effect led to the cluster structure differed between cross and its reciprocal.