Results and directions of breeding research of Pisum sativum in Eastern Siberia

Abstract

The study of productivity and manufacturability of pea varieties, both existing and removed from zoning, was carried out. The tasks of the paper included analysis of a sample of pea varieties in terms of yield, the main features of productivity - the number of productive and unproductive nodes, seeds and beans per plant, their variability; assessment of the influence of the genotype, growing conditions and the interaction of these factors in the formation of signs of productivity and manufacturability; identifying the relationship between the main features of productivity, productivity and manufacturability in order to determine the vectors for further breeding work with the crop. In terms of yield, the effectiveness of the crop variety change was revealed. In terms of productivity elements, the Kan variety had the maximum indicators, which allows us to consider it as a source in terms of the number of beans and seeds per plant. A significant influence of the genotype on resistance to lodging of 53.34% was revealed, with the influence of the conditions of the year of 0.77%, the interaction of factors of 45.87%, and the average positive dependence of yield with resistance to lodging of plants in varieties with a mustachioed leaf type (ґ=0.63±0.19), therefore, the introduction in the breeding process of high-tech varieties can help increase yields. In different years, the yield was influenced by different signs of productivity (2019 - the number of beans and seeds, 2020 - the number of grains of the bean, 2021 - the number of productive nodes and the grain content of the bean), with a strong mutual contingency (r = 0.76...0.93). Due to the impossibility of isolating any one trait that affects the yield, breeding work should be carried out in a comprehensive manner and be aimed at the development of all elements of productivity.